地震地貌学研究的现状及展望
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摘要
地震地貌学是通过三维地震资料平面及空间特征,结合地震地层学理论,来解读和还原古地貌、古沉积和其他地质信息的一门综合性学科,其核心技术是通过快速浏览三维地震资料主测线、联络测线及时间切片等来识别"特殊地质体"。该学科的建立,在真正意义上实现了地震解释从二维到三维的跨越,已在指导勘探和储层预测上发挥了巨大作用。从层位解释、平行解释层位切片或地层切片、振幅属性提取和分析、地震信号体素追踪、特殊属性数据体分析以及多数据体属性叠加显示等六大方面介绍了地震地貌学分析技术的应用实例。地震地貌学还处在起步阶段,未来的发展趋势将会主要集中于:(1)海相和陆相背景下碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩沉积演化研究;(2)基于地震资料的生储盖层及源岩岩性的精确预测,如深水沉积环境下河道砂体精细追踪及河道内部沉积结构划分等;(3)层序地层学理论与模式的改进与发展;(4)储层物性定量化研究、储层非均质性研究以及更加先进的分析技术手段等。
Seismic geomorphology is the extraction of geomorphic insights using predominant 3-D seismic data and plan view images to study paleo-geomorphology,paleo-deposition and other geological information.The critical techniques is detecting the "funny looking thing" by quickly slicing through inline,crossline and time slice on seismic data.Application examples of seismic geomorphology analytical techniques are covered by introducing horizon interpretation,stratal slicing,amplitude extraction,voxel body detection,volume-based attribute analysis,and multi-volume attribute display,etc.This discipline is only in its early stages of development and will become the major one,which will be widely applied in(1) clastic and carbonate depositional evolution in both marine and continental depositional environments;(2) seismic-based petroleum system prediction,such as deep-water channel body detection and internal texture configuration;(3) sequence stratigraphy theory and model development and modification;and(4) reservoir property quantification,heterogeneity study and beyond.
Seismic geomorphology is the extraction of geomorphic insights using predominant 3-D seismic data and plan view images to study paleo-geomorphology,paleo-deposition and other geological information.The critical techniques is detecting the "funny looking thing" by quickly slicing through inline,crossline and time slice on seismic data.Application examples of seismic geomorphology analytical techniques are covered by introducing horizon interpretation,stratal slicing,amplitude extraction,voxel body detection,volume-based attribute analysis,and multi-volume attribute display,etc.This discipline is only in its early stages of development and will become the major one,which will be widely applied in(1) clastic and carbonate depositional evolution in both marine and continental depositional environments;(2) seismic-based petroleum system prediction,such as deep-water channel body detection and internal texture configuration;(3) sequence stratigraphy theory and model development and modification;and(4) reservoir property quantification,heterogeneity study and beyond.
引文
[1]Vail P R,Mitchum R M Jr,Thompson S.Seismic stratigraphyand global changes of sea level,Part 3:Relative changes of sealevel from coastal onlap[M]//Payton C E ed.Seismic stratigra-phy:Applications to hydrocarbon exploration.AAPG Memoir26,1977:63-81.
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[4]Posamentier H W,Davies R J,Cartwright J A,et al.Seismicgeomorphology—An overview[M].Geological Society of Lon-don,Special Publications 277,2007:1-14.
[5]Cross N E,Cunningham A,Cook R J,et al.3-D seismic geo-morphology of a deepwater slope channel system:The SequoiaField,offshore West Nile Delta,Egypt[C].AAPG Annual Con-ference,Denver,2009.
[6]Posamentier H W.Application of 3D seismic visualization tech-niques for seismic stratigraphy,seismic geomorphology and depo-sitional systems analysis:Examples from fluvial to deep-marinedepositional environments[C]//Dore A G,Vining B A.Petroleumgeology:North-West Europe and global perspectives—Proceed-ings of the 6th petroleum geology conference.London:GeologicalSociety,2005:1565-1576.
[7]Posamentier H W.Seismic stratigraphy into the next millenni-um:A focus on 3D seismic data[C].AAPG Annual Confer-ence,New Orleans,2000:A118.
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[9]Posamentier H W.Ancient shelf ridges—A potentially significantcomponent of the transgressive systems tract:Case study from off-shore Northwest Java[J].AAPG Bulletin,2002,86(1):75-106.
[10]Hohbein M,Cartwright J.3D seismic analysis of the WestShetland Drift:Implications for late Neogene palaeoceanog-raphy of the NE Atlantic[J].Marine Geology,2006,230(1-2):1-20.
[11]Knutz P C,Cartwright J.Seismic stratigraphy of the WestShetlands Drift:implications for North Atlantic circulation[J].Palaeoceanography,2003,18:1093-1109.
[12]Davies R,Bell B,Cartwright J A,et al.Three-dimensionalseismic imaging of dikefed submarine volcanoes[J].Geology,2002,30:223-226.
[13]Hansen D M,Cartwright J A,Thomas D.The development ofintersecting igneous sills from 3D seismic[C]//Davies R J,Cartwright J,Stewart S A,et al.3D seismic technology:Appli-cation to the exploration of sedimentary basins.Geological Societyof London,Special Publications 29,2004:301-316.
[14]Planke S,Symonds P,Alvestad E,et al.Seismic volcanostratigraphy of large volume basaltic extrusive complexes onrifted margins[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2000,105(19):335-351.
[15]Trude J T.Emplacement of igneous sills[D].Cardiff Uni-versity,UK,2004.
[16]刘力辉,王绪本,陈雪菲.地震地貌学在L区浊积砂体预测中的应用[J].石油物探,2011,50(3):266-269.
[17]Yang F,Zhao W,Sun Z,et al.3D seismic sedimentology ofnearshore subaqueous fans—A case study from Dongying de-pression,eastern China[J].Advances in Data,Methods,Mod-els and Their Applications in Geoscience,2009:125-138.
[18]Zhang K,Marfurt K J,Wan Z,et al.Seismic attribute illu-mination of an igneous reservoir in China[J].The Leading Edge,2011,30(3):266-270.
[19]Zeng H,Loucks R,Janson X,et al.Three-dimensional seismicgeomorphology and analysis of the Ordovician plaleokarst drainagesystem in the central Tabei Uplift,northern Trarim Basin,western China[J].AAPG Bulletin,2011,95(12):2061-2083.
[20]张宏,董宁,宁俊瑞,等.利用地震地貌学刻画古喀斯特地貌[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(增刊1):125-129.
[21]Li L,Wang Y,Xu Q,et al.Seismic geomorphology andmain controls of deep-water gravity flow sedimentary processon the slope of the northern South China Sea[J].ScienceChina:Earth Sciences,2012,55(5):747-757.
[2]Posamentier H W,Laurin P,Warmath A.Cenozoic carbonatessystems of central Australasia[M].SEPM Special Publication95,2010:104-121.
[3]Reijenstein H M,Posamentier H W,Bhattacharya J P.Seismicgeomorphology and high-resolution seismic stratigraphy of inner-shelf fluvial,estuarine,deltaic,and marine sequences,Gulf ofThailand[J].AAPG Bulletin,2011,95(11):1959-1990.
[4]Posamentier H W,Davies R J,Cartwright J A,et al.Seismicgeomorphology—An overview[M].Geological Society of Lon-don,Special Publications 277,2007:1-14.
[5]Cross N E,Cunningham A,Cook R J,et al.3-D seismic geo-morphology of a deepwater slope channel system:The SequoiaField,offshore West Nile Delta,Egypt[C].AAPG Annual Con-ference,Denver,2009.
[6]Posamentier H W.Application of 3D seismic visualization tech-niques for seismic stratigraphy,seismic geomorphology and depo-sitional systems analysis:Examples from fluvial to deep-marinedepositional environments[C]//Dore A G,Vining B A.Petroleumgeology:North-West Europe and global perspectives—Proceed-ings of the 6th petroleum geology conference.London:GeologicalSociety,2005:1565-1576.
[7]Posamentier H W.Seismic stratigraphy into the next millenni-um:A focus on 3D seismic data[C].AAPG Annual Confer-ence,New Orleans,2000:A118.
[8]Kolla V,Posamentier H W,Wood L J.Deep-water and flu-vial sinuous channels—Characteristics,similarities and dis-similarities,and modes of formation[J].Marine and PetroleumGeology,2007,24(6-9):388-405.
[9]Posamentier H W.Ancient shelf ridges—A potentially significantcomponent of the transgressive systems tract:Case study from off-shore Northwest Java[J].AAPG Bulletin,2002,86(1):75-106.
[10]Hohbein M,Cartwright J.3D seismic analysis of the WestShetland Drift:Implications for late Neogene palaeoceanog-raphy of the NE Atlantic[J].Marine Geology,2006,230(1-2):1-20.
[11]Knutz P C,Cartwright J.Seismic stratigraphy of the WestShetlands Drift:implications for North Atlantic circulation[J].Palaeoceanography,2003,18:1093-1109.
[12]Davies R,Bell B,Cartwright J A,et al.Three-dimensionalseismic imaging of dikefed submarine volcanoes[J].Geology,2002,30:223-226.
[13]Hansen D M,Cartwright J A,Thomas D.The development ofintersecting igneous sills from 3D seismic[C]//Davies R J,Cartwright J,Stewart S A,et al.3D seismic technology:Appli-cation to the exploration of sedimentary basins.Geological Societyof London,Special Publications 29,2004:301-316.
[14]Planke S,Symonds P,Alvestad E,et al.Seismic volcanostratigraphy of large volume basaltic extrusive complexes onrifted margins[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2000,105(19):335-351.
[15]Trude J T.Emplacement of igneous sills[D].Cardiff Uni-versity,UK,2004.
[16]刘力辉,王绪本,陈雪菲.地震地貌学在L区浊积砂体预测中的应用[J].石油物探,2011,50(3):266-269.
[17]Yang F,Zhao W,Sun Z,et al.3D seismic sedimentology ofnearshore subaqueous fans—A case study from Dongying de-pression,eastern China[J].Advances in Data,Methods,Mod-els and Their Applications in Geoscience,2009:125-138.
[18]Zhang K,Marfurt K J,Wan Z,et al.Seismic attribute illu-mination of an igneous reservoir in China[J].The Leading Edge,2011,30(3):266-270.
[19]Zeng H,Loucks R,Janson X,et al.Three-dimensional seismicgeomorphology and analysis of the Ordovician plaleokarst drainagesystem in the central Tabei Uplift,northern Trarim Basin,western China[J].AAPG Bulletin,2011,95(12):2061-2083.
[20]张宏,董宁,宁俊瑞,等.利用地震地貌学刻画古喀斯特地貌[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(增刊1):125-129.
[21]Li L,Wang Y,Xu Q,et al.Seismic geomorphology andmain controls of deep-water gravity flow sedimentary processon the slope of the northern South China Sea[J].ScienceChina:Earth Sciences,2012,55(5):747-757.
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