基于接收阵列的时域地震波束形成方法
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摘要
地震勘探中,针对目的层地震数据信噪比较低情况,为改善信噪比,本文提出一种基于接收阵列的时域地震波束形成方法(TSBBRA).该方法的理论依据是波束形成原理,文中通过对相控震源激发定向地震波场的分析,提出在反射地震勘探中,在信号接收端同样能生成定向地震波的思路.具体地,论文给出在地震数据集上先对单炮记录分组,再对组内记录时域内延时、叠加,生成对应定向地震波场的地震记录的方法.TSBBRA方法适于杂波干扰强,且杂波与目的层反射波方向不一致的地震条件.本文先通过波场模拟,展示了TSBBRA方法具有形成定向地震波场的能力;而后通过对比相控震源与TSBBBRA时间剖面,说明了TSBBRA方法的有效性;最后在吉林某油页岩矿区,用TSBBRA方法,分别针对浅层目标与深层目标,生成定向地震波数据.与原始数据相比,目标层信噪比提高了3～35dB,在时间剖面上观测到的深部目标信号从200ms扩展到1000ms,TSBBRA剖面资料与测区附近区域的地质与地震资料一致.由此得出结论,TSBBRA方法有助于改善目的层地震资料信噪比,当关注深部目的层时,由于TSBBRA方法能有效压制噪声,因此可用于能够实现更大的勘探深度.实验中,我们给出了浅层勘探结果,由于本方法对震源及观测系统没有限制,实际应用中TSBBRA方法可作为深部资源勘探领域提高深部地震资料信噪比的有效方法.
In order to improve signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) in seismic exploration,we propose "Time-domain Seismic Beam-forming Based on Receiver Array"(TSBBRA),which is based on beam-forming theory.On the basis of wave field analysis to phased-array vibrator system(PAVS),the idea of beamforming at receiver arrays is deduced in seismic data processing.Here we give two steps of TSBBRA: the first one is to separate seismic shot records into different groups,and the second is to generate directional seismic records by time delay and sum process.TSBBRA is more useful when direction of reflected waves from the target layer is not consistent with interference waves.We show the directional wave field from TSBBRA using wave field simulation,and compare time profiles from PAVS and TSBBRA.The results indicate the feasibility of TSBBRA.Finally,we show a TSBBRA result profile from the oil shale area in Jilin Province.Comparing the raw data,SNR increases 3 to 35 dB and depth of identified reflectors is extended from 200 ms to 1000 ms.And signals from seismic marker horizons are consistent with geological and geophysical data in the neighborhood.These demonstrate that TSBBRA is helpful to improve SNR and exploration depth in seismic data acquisition during exploration.Moreover,TSBBRA is more applicable in deep exploration.
In order to improve signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) in seismic exploration,we propose "Time-domain Seismic Beam-forming Based on Receiver Array"(TSBBRA),which is based on beam-forming theory.On the basis of wave field analysis to phased-array vibrator system(PAVS),the idea of beamforming at receiver arrays is deduced in seismic data processing.Here we give two steps of TSBBRA: the first one is to separate seismic shot records into different groups,and the second is to generate directional seismic records by time delay and sum process.TSBBRA is more useful when direction of reflected waves from the target layer is not consistent with interference waves.We show the directional wave field from TSBBRA using wave field simulation,and compare time profiles from PAVS and TSBBRA.The results indicate the feasibility of TSBBRA.Finally,we show a TSBBRA result profile from the oil shale area in Jilin Province.Comparing the raw data,SNR increases 3 to 35 dB and depth of identified reflectors is extended from 200 ms to 1000 ms.And signals from seismic marker horizons are consistent with geological and geophysical data in the neighborhood.These demonstrate that TSBBRA is helpful to improve SNR and exploration depth in seismic data acquisition during exploration.Moreover,TSBBRA is more applicable in deep exploration.
引文
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[13]Mao W J,Gubbins D.Simultaneous determination of timedelays and stacking weights in seismic array beam forming.Geophysics,1995,60(2):491-502.
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[15]Raz S.Beam stacking:A generalized preprocessing technique.Geophysics,1987,52(9):1199-1210.
[16]Hu T,White R E.Robust multiple suppression usingadaptive beam forming.Geophysical Prospecting,1998,46(3):227-248.
[17]zbek A.Adaptive beamforming with generalized linearconstraints.International Meeting,SEG,Wenwu ExpandedAbstracts,2000,70:2081-2084.
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[23]姜弢,林君,陈祖斌.延时参数对地震信号信噪比的改善.地球物理学报,2009,52(6):1651-1656.Jiang T,Lin J,Chen Z B.SNR improvement of seismicsignals with different time delays.Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),2009,52(3):1651-1656.
[24]王忠仁,林君,冯声涯.地震勘探中相控阵震源的方向特性研究.地球物理学报,2006,49(4):1191-1197.Wang Z R,Lin J,Feng S Y.Directivity of phase arrayvibrators in seismic exploration.Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),2006,49(4):1191-1197.
[25]姜弢,林君,李桐林等.相控震源对地震信号信噪比的改善研究.地球物理学报,2006,49(6):1819-1825.Jiang T,Lin J,Li T L,et al.Boosting signal to noise ratio ofseismic signals using the phased-array vibrator system.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(6):1819-1825.
[26]姜弢,林君,陈祖斌等.相控震源地震波定向技术.吉林大学学报(信息科学版),2004,22(3):181-184.Jiang T,Lin J,Chen Z B,et al.Seismic beam-forming inphased array of vibroseis.Journal of Jilin University(Information Science Edition)(in Chinese),2004,22(3):181-184.
[27]王永莉.松辽盆地南部上白垩统油页岩特征及成矿规律[硕士论文].长春:吉林大学仪器科学与电气工程学院,2006.Wang Y L.Characteristics and depositional regularities of oilshale in Upper Cretaceous of Southern Songliao Basin[Master′s thesis](in Chinese).Changchun:College ofInstrumentation&Electrical Engineering,Jilin University,2006.
[2]张光义.多波束形成技术在相控阵雷达中的应用.现代雷达,2007,29(8):1-6.Zhang G Y.Application of Multi-beam formation technologies inphased array Radar.Modern Radar(in Chinese),2007,29(8):1-6.
[3]Bodine A G Jr.Geophysical transducer:U.S.Patent No.2,745,507,1956.
[4]Arnold M E.Beam forming with vibrator arrays.Geophysics,1977,42(7):1321-1338.
[5]Shen W W.A constrained minimum power adaptive beamformer with time-varying adaptation rate.Geophysics,1979,44(6):1088-1096.
[6]Brooks L A,Townend J,Gerstoft P,et al.Fundamental andhigher-mode Rayleigh wave characteristics of ambient seismicnoise in New Zealand.Geophysical Research Letters,2009,36:L23303.
[7]Zhang J,Gerstoft P,Bromirski P D.Pelagic,and coastalsources of P-wave microseisms:Generation under tropicalcyclones.Geophysical Research Letters,2010,37:L15301.
[8]Ridder S D,Dellinger J.Ambient seismic noise eikonaltomography for near-surface imaging at Valhall.The LeadingEdge,2011,5:506-512.
[9]Selby N D.Improved teleseismic signal detection at small-aperture arrays.Bulletin of the Seismological Society ofAmerica,2011,101(4):1563-1575.
[10]Wang J,Tilmann F,White R S,et al.Application offrequency-dependent multichannel Wiener filters to detectevents in 2Dthree-component seismometer arrays.Geophysics,2009,74(6):V133-V141.
[11]Liang C T,Thornton M P,Morton P,et al.Improvingsignal-to-noise ratio of passive seismic data with an adaptiveFK filter.SEG Houston International Exposition,andAnnual Meeting,2009:1702-1707.
[12]Baig A,Urbancic T.Microseismic moment tensors:A pathto understanding frac growth.The Leading Edge,2010,29(3):320-324.
[13]Mao W J,Gubbins D.Simultaneous determination of timedelays and stacking weights in seismic array beam forming.Geophysics,1995,60(2):491-502.
[14]Eaton D W,Forouhideh F.Solid angles,and the impact ofreceiver-array geometry on microseismic moment-tensor inversion.Geophysics,2011,76(6):77-85.
[15]Raz S.Beam stacking:A generalized preprocessing technique.Geophysics,1987,52(9):1199-1210.
[16]Hu T,White R E.Robust multiple suppression usingadaptive beam forming.Geophysical Prospecting,1998,46(3):227-248.
[17]zbek A.Adaptive beamforming with generalized linearconstraints.International Meeting,SEG,Wenwu ExpandedAbstracts,2000,70:2081-2084.
[18]Panea I,Drijkoningen G.The spatial data-adaptive minimum-variance distortionless-response beamformer on seismic single-sensor data.Geophysics,2008,73(5):Q29-Q42.
[19]姜弢,林君,杨冬等.相控震源定向地震波信号分析.地球物理学报,2008,51(5):1551-1556.Jiang T,Lin J,Yang D,et al.Analysis of directional seismicsignal based on phased-array vibrator system.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(5):1551-1556.
[20]姜弢,林君.相控震源与组合震源地震信号检测结果对比.控制与决策,2004,19(12):1345-1348.Jiang T,Lin J.Comparison of the detected seismic signalsbetween phased array and combination vibroseises.Controland Decision(in Chinese),2004,19(12):1345-1348.
[21]姜弢,林君,陈祖斌等.可控震源相控地震的相关检测技术.仪器仪表学报,2005,26(4):336-339.Jiang T,Lin J,Chen Z B,et al.The correlation detectionmethod of signals in phased array of vibroseis system.Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument(in Chinese),2005,26(4):336-339.
[22]姜弢,林君,陈祖斌等.相控震源对水平层状地下介质的高信噪比检测.仪器仪表学报,2006,27(11):1369-1372.Jiang T,Lin J,Chen Z B,et al.High signal-to-noise ratiodetection of horizontal layer underground medium withphased-array vibroseis.Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument(in Chinese),2006,27(11):1369-1372.
[23]姜弢,林君,陈祖斌.延时参数对地震信号信噪比的改善.地球物理学报,2009,52(6):1651-1656.Jiang T,Lin J,Chen Z B.SNR improvement of seismicsignals with different time delays.Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),2009,52(3):1651-1656.
[24]王忠仁,林君,冯声涯.地震勘探中相控阵震源的方向特性研究.地球物理学报,2006,49(4):1191-1197.Wang Z R,Lin J,Feng S Y.Directivity of phase arrayvibrators in seismic exploration.Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),2006,49(4):1191-1197.
[25]姜弢,林君,李桐林等.相控震源对地震信号信噪比的改善研究.地球物理学报,2006,49(6):1819-1825.Jiang T,Lin J,Li T L,et al.Boosting signal to noise ratio ofseismic signals using the phased-array vibrator system.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(6):1819-1825.
[26]姜弢,林君,陈祖斌等.相控震源地震波定向技术.吉林大学学报(信息科学版),2004,22(3):181-184.Jiang T,Lin J,Chen Z B,et al.Seismic beam-forming inphased array of vibroseis.Journal of Jilin University(Information Science Edition)(in Chinese),2004,22(3):181-184.
[27]王永莉.松辽盆地南部上白垩统油页岩特征及成矿规律[硕士论文].长春:吉林大学仪器科学与电气工程学院,2006.Wang Y L.Characteristics and depositional regularities of oilshale in Upper Cretaceous of Southern Songliao Basin[Master′s thesis](in Chinese).Changchun:College ofInstrumentation&Electrical Engineering,Jilin University,2006.
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