拟合零炮检距剖面与分辨率
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摘要
水平叠加虽是当前地震数据处理中的标准工作方法，但其一些固有的缺陷不容忽视，特别是对信号高频成分的显著损害。1987年我们提出的零炮检距拟合方法在振幅保真和抗动校正拉伸方面均优于水平叠加。本文再从高分辨率的角度来阐明此方法的另一些特性。当存在剩余动校正时差时，此法比叠加有更好的高频响应；对于动校正拉伸引起的高频损失，也有较好的补偿作用。另外，叠加改善信噪比的能力随频率增高而减弱，而此法则不受频率影响，因而对于高频成分可获得比叠加更好的信噪比。叠加虽能有效地衰减长程多次波，但不能衰减短程多次波，而数量众多的短程多次波对分辨率的影响是不可忽视的；本方法则基本上不衰减多次波，因此为消除所有多次波提供了有利条件。
Although horizontal stacking is a standard technique in seismic data processing,we can not ignore its intrinsic deficiencies,particularly the obvious damage of high-frequency signals. Our zero-offset fitting method advanced in 1987 is superior to the horizontal stacking in both amplitude fidelity and resistance of NMO correction lengthening. As for high resolution,we expound other characteristics of this method.When there exist residual normal moveouts,this method results in better highfrequency responses and better compensation of high-frequency content loss due to NMO correction lengthening than the stacking does. Signal-noise ratio improvement of the stacking decreases with the increase of frequency, but this method brings higher signal-noise ratio of high-frequency contents because it is not limited in frequency. The stacking removes long-path multiples effectively ;but it fails to remove short-path multiples,which damage resolution considerably This method does not attenuate all multiples on the whole,which offers a favourable condition to eliminate all multiples.
Although horizontal stacking is a standard technique in seismic data processing,we can not ignore its intrinsic deficiencies,particularly the obvious damage of high-frequency signals. Our zero-offset fitting method advanced in 1987 is superior to the horizontal stacking in both amplitude fidelity and resistance of NMO correction lengthening. As for high resolution,we expound other characteristics of this method.When there exist residual normal moveouts,this method results in better highfrequency responses and better compensation of high-frequency content loss due to NMO correction lengthening than the stacking does. Signal-noise ratio improvement of the stacking decreases with the increase of frequency, but this method brings higher signal-noise ratio of high-frequency contents because it is not limited in frequency. The stacking removes long-path multiples effectively ;but it fails to remove short-path multiples,which damage resolution considerably This method does not attenuate all multiples on the whole,which offers a favourable condition to eliminate all multiples.
引文
1蔡希玲,俞寿朋.振福保真无拉伸叠加.物探科技通报,1988,6(2):11～18
2俞寿朋.高分辨率地震勘探,石油工业出版社,1993
3 Dunkin J W and Levin F K.Effect of normal moveout on a seismic pulse.Geophysics,1973,38(4):635～642
4李庆忠.走向精确勘探的道路,石油工业出版社,1993
5Claerbout J F.Fundamentals of Geophyslcal Data Processing McGraw-Hill,Inc,1976
6许云·地震层状构造理论及其应用 石油工业出版社,1981
7 Berkhout A J Multiple elimination as part of prestack migration process.Expanded Abstracts,62nd SEGMeeting,New Orleans,1992, 1096～1099
2俞寿朋.高分辨率地震勘探,石油工业出版社,1993
3 Dunkin J W and Levin F K.Effect of normal moveout on a seismic pulse.Geophysics,1973,38(4):635～642
4李庆忠.走向精确勘探的道路,石油工业出版社,1993
5Claerbout J F.Fundamentals of Geophyslcal Data Processing McGraw-Hill,Inc,1976
6许云·地震层状构造理论及其应用 石油工业出版社,1981
7 Berkhout A J Multiple elimination as part of prestack migration process.Expanded Abstracts,62nd SEGMeeting,New Orleans,1992, 1096～1099
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