汶川地震重灾区陇南红土坡滑坡稳定性分析与防治对策研究
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摘要
汶川地震诱发了大量的次生地质灾害,陇南红土坡滑坡在地震期间局部发生崩塌并出现大量拉张裂缝,该滑坡一旦整体复活滑动,将堵塞北峪河形成堰塞湖,对北峪河下游陇南武都城区8万人以及红土坡上游村庄928人的生命财产安全造成极大威胁。因此准确判断该滑坡稳定性,并采取相应的防治措施尤为重要。本文基于滑坡区地质环境,通过区域地质调查、坡微地貌和变形破坏特征测量等手段,对红土坡滑坡特征和成因进行了系统研究。研究成果表明,该滑坡具有显著的分级分块滑动特性,地震、降雨、河流冲刷及不良的岩土体工程地质性质是形成该滑坡的主要因素。在分析滑坡成因的基础上,采用传递系数法等手段,定性与定量相结合,评价该滑坡在天然、暴雨和地震工况下的稳定性,并提出了预应力锚索框架+拦挡坝+排水+护岸墙等综和防治对策。
The"5·12"Wenchuan earthquake induced many secondary geological disasters.The Hongtupo landslide in southern Gansu took place in large-scale collapse and cracks during the earthquake.If the landslide was moved as a whole,then it would form a dammed lake.It seriously threats the safety of eighty hundreds people in place below the landslide.So,it is very important to adequately understand stability of the landslide and take effective emergency measures.Based on the geological environment where landslide located,a systematic research on characteristics and forming mechanism of the Hongtupo landside at Southern Gansu was achieved.The used methods includedregional geological investigation,measurement of micro physiognomy and failure and geophysical reconnaissance survey.The research results show that this landslide has the characteristics of remarkable classification and partitioning.The key elements of inducing this landslide to be revivable are rainfall,earthquake,river degradation and poor rock and soil mass engineering geological properties.Based on the landslide forming mechanism,using the method of transfer coefficient and so on,the stability states were evaluated by combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis on the conditions of natural state,rainfall and earthquake,respectively.The integrated control measures of prestressed anchor cable frame,blocking dam,draining and protective wall are put forward.
The"5·12"Wenchuan earthquake induced many secondary geological disasters.The Hongtupo landslide in southern Gansu took place in large-scale collapse and cracks during the earthquake.If the landslide was moved as a whole,then it would form a dammed lake.It seriously threats the safety of eighty hundreds people in place below the landslide.So,it is very important to adequately understand stability of the landslide and take effective emergency measures.Based on the geological environment where landslide located,a systematic research on characteristics and forming mechanism of the Hongtupo landside at Southern Gansu was achieved.The used methods includedregional geological investigation,measurement of micro physiognomy and failure and geophysical reconnaissance survey.The research results show that this landslide has the characteristics of remarkable classification and partitioning.The key elements of inducing this landslide to be revivable are rainfall,earthquake,river degradation and poor rock and soil mass engineering geological properties.Based on the landslide forming mechanism,using the method of transfer coefficient and so on,the stability states were evaluated by combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis on the conditions of natural state,rainfall and earthquake,respectively.The integrated control measures of prestressed anchor cable frame,blocking dam,draining and protective wall are put forward.
引文
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[6]祁生文,伍法权,常中华,等.三峡地区奉节县城缓倾层状岸坡变形破坏模式及成因机制[J].岩土工程学报,2006,28(1):88～91.Qi Shengwen,Wu Faquan,Chang Zhonghua,et al.Mechanism andmodel for deformation of bank slope with slightly inclined soillayers in Fengjie County of Three Gorges.Chinese Journal ofGeotechnical Engineering,2006,28(1):88～91.
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[8]黄润秋.中国西部地区典型岩质滑坡机理研究[J].地球科学进展,2004,19(3):444～450.Huang Runqiu.Mechanism of large scale landslides in westernChina.Advance in Earth Sciences,2004,19(3):444～450.
[9]廖秋林,李晓,李守定,等.三峡库区千将坪滑坡的发生、地质地貌特征、成因及滑坡判据研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,(9):3146～3153.Liao Qiulin,Li Xiao,Li Shouding,et al.Occurrence,geology andgeomorphy characteristics and origin of Qianjiangping landslide inThree Gorges Reservoir area and study on acient landslidecriterion.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,(9):3146～3153.
[10]成国文,李晓,许家美,等.重庆涪陵五中滑坡特征及成因分析[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(2):220～227.Cheng Guowen,Li Xiao,Xu Jiamei,et al.Characteristics and cau-ses of landslide at Fuling Fifth Middle School in Chongqing.Jour-nal of Engineering Geology,2007,17(2):220～227.
[11]张倬元,王士天,王兰生.工程地质分析原理[M].北京:地质出版社,1994.Zhang Zhuoyuan,Wang Shitian,Wang Lansheng.Principles ofEngineering Geology.Beijing:Geological PublishingHouse,1994.
[12]祁生文,伍法权,严福章,等.岩质边坡动力反应分析[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.Qi Shengwen,Wu Faquan,Yan Fuzhang,et al.Rock Slope Dy-namic Response Analysis.Beijing:Science Press,2007.
[13]方玉树.滑坡稳定分析传递系数法若干问题、讨论[J].工程地质学报,2007,15(5):607～611.Fang Yushu.The issues of landslide stability analysis of the trans-fer coefficient.Journal of Engineering Geology,2007,15(5):611～607.
[14]陶志平,周德培,岳志勤.滑坡推力计算中传递系数法的改进研究[J].路基工程,2006,(5):80～81.Tao Zhiping,Zhou Depei,Yue Zhiqin.The study of improve themethod of transfer coefficient in the landslide's thrust calculation.Roadbed,2006,(5):80～81.
[15]中华人民共和国国家标准编写组.GB50021-2001岩土工程勘察规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002.The National Standards Compilation Group of People's Republicof China.GB50021-2001Code for Investigation of GeotechnicalEngineering.Beijing:China Architecture and BuildingPress,2002.
[2]黄润秋,李为乐.“5·12”汶川大地震地质灾害的基本特征及其对灾后重建影响的建议[J].中国地质教育,2008,(2):21～24.Huang Runqiu,Li Weile.Characteristics of geological disasters of5.12 Wenchuan earthquake and recommendation on its impact onreconstruction.Chinese Geological Education,2008,(2):21～24.
[3]黄润秋,许强.中国典型灾难性滑坡[M].北京:科学出版社,2008.Huang Runqiu,Xu Qiang.Catastrophic Landslides in China.Bei-jing:Science Press,2008.
[4]黄润秋.20世纪以来中国的大型滑坡及其发生机制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(3):433～454.Huang Runqiu.Large-scale landslides and their slidingmechanisms in China since the 20th century.Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(3):433～454.
[5]李晓,张年学,李守定,等.奉节白衣庵滑坡演化的工程地质与历史地质分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(12):2416～2424.Li Xiao,Zhang Nianxue,Li Shouding,et al.Engineering geologicaland historic geological analysis of Baiyian landslide evolution inFengjie county.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineer-ing,2006,25(12):2416～2424.
[6]祁生文,伍法权,常中华,等.三峡地区奉节县城缓倾层状岸坡变形破坏模式及成因机制[J].岩土工程学报,2006,28(1):88～91.Qi Shengwen,Wu Faquan,Chang Zhonghua,et al.Mechanism andmodel for deformation of bank slope with slightly inclined soillayers in Fengjie County of Three Gorges.Chinese Journal ofGeotechnical Engineering,2006,28(1):88～91.
[7]李守定,李晓,董艳辉,等.重庆万州吉安滑坡特征与成因研究,岩石力学与工程学报,2005,(9):2159～3164.Li Shouding,Li Xiao,Dong Yanhui,et al.The study of Ji'an land-slide character and origin in Chongqing Wanzhou.Chinese Journalof Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,(9):2159～3164.
[8]黄润秋.中国西部地区典型岩质滑坡机理研究[J].地球科学进展,2004,19(3):444～450.Huang Runqiu.Mechanism of large scale landslides in westernChina.Advance in Earth Sciences,2004,19(3):444～450.
[9]廖秋林,李晓,李守定,等.三峡库区千将坪滑坡的发生、地质地貌特征、成因及滑坡判据研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,(9):3146～3153.Liao Qiulin,Li Xiao,Li Shouding,et al.Occurrence,geology andgeomorphy characteristics and origin of Qianjiangping landslide inThree Gorges Reservoir area and study on acient landslidecriterion.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,(9):3146～3153.
[10]成国文,李晓,许家美,等.重庆涪陵五中滑坡特征及成因分析[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(2):220～227.Cheng Guowen,Li Xiao,Xu Jiamei,et al.Characteristics and cau-ses of landslide at Fuling Fifth Middle School in Chongqing.Jour-nal of Engineering Geology,2007,17(2):220～227.
[11]张倬元,王士天,王兰生.工程地质分析原理[M].北京:地质出版社,1994.Zhang Zhuoyuan,Wang Shitian,Wang Lansheng.Principles ofEngineering Geology.Beijing:Geological PublishingHouse,1994.
[12]祁生文,伍法权,严福章,等.岩质边坡动力反应分析[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.Qi Shengwen,Wu Faquan,Yan Fuzhang,et al.Rock Slope Dy-namic Response Analysis.Beijing:Science Press,2007.
[13]方玉树.滑坡稳定分析传递系数法若干问题、讨论[J].工程地质学报,2007,15(5):607～611.Fang Yushu.The issues of landslide stability analysis of the trans-fer coefficient.Journal of Engineering Geology,2007,15(5):611～607.
[14]陶志平,周德培,岳志勤.滑坡推力计算中传递系数法的改进研究[J].路基工程,2006,(5):80～81.Tao Zhiping,Zhou Depei,Yue Zhiqin.The study of improve themethod of transfer coefficient in the landslide's thrust calculation.Roadbed,2006,(5):80～81.
[15]中华人民共和国国家标准编写组.GB50021-2001岩土工程勘察规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002.The National Standards Compilation Group of People's Republicof China.GB50021-2001Code for Investigation of GeotechnicalEngineering.Beijing:China Architecture and BuildingPress,2002.
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