海南岛东寨港1605年地震陷落事件的地球化学证据
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摘要
1605年海南岛东寨港发生了重要的地震陷落事件,本文在东寨港采集了305cm长的柱状岩芯DX孔,对岩芯进行了粒度、年代学、地球化学元素的分析,发现地球化学元素在164cm附近有明显的突变,岩芯沉积物岩性特征与地球化学元素均反映了从陆相沉积向海相沉积的转变,对海南岛东寨港地震陷落事件有明显的沉积响应,岩芯沉积记录反映1605年东寨港地震沉陷的幅度至少2.0m。
The Dongzhai Bay,located in the north-eastern part of the Hainan Island.The serious earthquake in the year of 1605 occurred at Qiongzhou(present Haikou City) in the region close to present Dongzhai Bay,which was the most extensive earthquake recorded in the historical documents in South China with the seismic magnitude of 7.5 and the intensity of 10 degrees.This historical earthquake resulted in the land subsidence and the formation of the Dongzhai Bay.According to the Ming Dynasty "Qiongzhou Government Document",a strong earthquake occurred on July 13,1605A.D.The ground sounds came from northeast like depressing thunder with vibrating and the local governmental halls,private houses mostly collapsed in Qiongzhou.In the town of Qiongzhou,the death number was about thousands people.In the coastal region large areas of land,villages sunk in to the sea.So the Dongzhai Bay is a very young bay related to the historical earthquake in the year of 1605.In the past decades,the Qiongzhou Earthquake in the year of 1605 was interested by the Chinese researchers. The serious earthquake in the year of 1605 occurred at Qiongshan was the most extensive earthquake recoded in the historical documents in South China with the seismic intensity of M7.5.It is an interesting research to study the sedimentary records of the earthquake subsidence in Dongzhai Bay,Hainan Island.Based on the analysis of the core samples,sedimentary characteristics and elements composition changes,the coastal sedimentary respond to the historical earthquake was presented and the analysis indicated the at least 2.0meters subsidence influenced by the earthquake in the western part of the Dongzhai Bay.The 305cm long DX Core at Daoxue Village(19°55.876'N, 110°35.806'E) was collected and sampling with the intervals of 2.5cm,sedimentary characteristics,grain seize and elements composition changes are obviously related to the earthquake.The coastal sedimentary respond to the historical earthquake was presented in this paper.In the column of the DX Core,the marine sediments covered the red soil strata,and the red soil layer was the terrestrial environment before the earthquake subsidence.Rapid changes of the geochemical elements occurred at 164cm of DX Core and which indicated the paleo-environment shifted from terrestrial to marine environment quickly.
The Dongzhai Bay,located in the north-eastern part of the Hainan Island.The serious earthquake in the year of 1605 occurred at Qiongzhou(present Haikou City) in the region close to present Dongzhai Bay,which was the most extensive earthquake recorded in the historical documents in South China with the seismic magnitude of 7.5 and the intensity of 10 degrees.This historical earthquake resulted in the land subsidence and the formation of the Dongzhai Bay.According to the Ming Dynasty "Qiongzhou Government Document",a strong earthquake occurred on July 13,1605A.D.The ground sounds came from northeast like depressing thunder with vibrating and the local governmental halls,private houses mostly collapsed in Qiongzhou.In the town of Qiongzhou,the death number was about thousands people.In the coastal region large areas of land,villages sunk in to the sea.So the Dongzhai Bay is a very young bay related to the historical earthquake in the year of 1605.In the past decades,the Qiongzhou Earthquake in the year of 1605 was interested by the Chinese researchers. The serious earthquake in the year of 1605 occurred at Qiongshan was the most extensive earthquake recoded in the historical documents in South China with the seismic intensity of M7.5.It is an interesting research to study the sedimentary records of the earthquake subsidence in Dongzhai Bay,Hainan Island.Based on the analysis of the core samples,sedimentary characteristics and elements composition changes,the coastal sedimentary respond to the historical earthquake was presented and the analysis indicated the at least 2.0meters subsidence influenced by the earthquake in the western part of the Dongzhai Bay.The 305cm long DX Core at Daoxue Village(19°55.876'N, 110°35.806'E) was collected and sampling with the intervals of 2.5cm,sedimentary characteristics,grain seize and elements composition changes are obviously related to the earthquake.The coastal sedimentary respond to the historical earthquake was presented in this paper.In the column of the DX Core,the marine sediments covered the red soil strata,and the red soil layer was the terrestrial environment before the earthquake subsidence.Rapid changes of the geochemical elements occurred at 164cm of DX Core and which indicated the paleo-environment shifted from terrestrial to marine environment quickly.
引文
1王强,张玉发,袁桂邦等.MIS 3阶段以来河北黄骅北部地区海侵与气候期对比.第四纪研究,2008,28(1):79-95 Wang Qiang,Zhang Yufa,Yuan Guibang et al.Since MIS 3 stage the correlation between transgression and climatic changes in the North Huanghua area,Hebei.Quaternary Sciences,2008,28(1 ): 79-95
2杨文光,郑洪波,谢昕等.南海北部陆坡沉积记录的全新世早期夏季风极强事件.第四纪研究,2008,28(3):425-430 Yang Wenguang,Zheng Hongbo,Xie Xin et at.East Asian summer monsoon maximum records in northern South China Sea during the Early Holocene.Quaternary Sciences,2008,28(3);425 -430
3徐起浩.海南岛北部东寨港的形成、变迁与1605年琼州大地震.地震地质,1986,8(3):92-96 Xu Qihao.Formation and migration of Dongzhai Port in the northern Hainan Island and the major Qiongzhou Earthquake of 1605. Seismology and Geology,1986,8(3);92 -96
4徐起浩.1605年琼州大地震陆陷成海和可能的海啸.海洋学报, 2007,29(3):146-156 Xu Qihao.The land sank into the sea and possible tsunami by the great earthquake in Qiongzhou in China in 1605.Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2007,29(3):146 -156
5陈恩民,黄咏茵.1605年海南岛琼州大地震的震害特征和发震构造研究.地震学报,1989,11(3):319-331 Chen Enmin,Huang Yongyin.Characteristics of the seismic damage and analysis of the seismic structure of the 1605 great earthquake of Qiongzhou,Hainan Island.Acta Seismologica Sinica,1989,11(3 ); 319 -331
6 Atwater B F.Evidence for great Holocene earthquakes along the outer coast of Washington State.Science,1987,236:942 -944
7 Dawson A G,Stewart 1.Tsunami deposits in the geological record. Sedimentary Geology,2007,200(3 -4):166 - 183
8 Scheffers A,Kelletat D.Sedimentologic and geomorphologic tsunami imprints worldwide——A review.Earth -Science Reviews,2003,63 (1 -2):83 -92
9 Ambraseys N 3N.Earthquakes and archaeology.Journal of Archaeological Science,2006,33(7 ):1008 - 1016
10陈恩民,黄咏茵.1605年海南岛琼州大地震及其发震构造的初步探讨.地震地质,1979,1(4):37-44 Chen Enmin,Huang Yongyin.Preliminary discussion on the 1605 Qiongzhou earthquake and its seismogenetic structure.Seismology and Geology,1979,1(4):37 -44
11万国江.现代沉积年分辨率的~(137)Cs计年——以云南洱海和贵州红枫湖为例.第四纪研究,1999,(1):73-80 Wan Guojiang.~(137)Cs dating by annual distinguish for recent sedimentation:Samples from Erhai Lake and Hongfeng Lake. Quaternary Sciences,1999,(1):73 - 80
12夏威岚,薛滨.吉林小龙湾沉积速率的~(210)Pb和~(137)Cs年代学方法测定.第四纪研究,2004,24(1):124-125 Xia Weilan,Xue Bin.The rb and - Cs chronological meansurement on sedimentation rate of Xiaolongwan,Jilin. Quaternary Sciences,2004,24(1):124 - 125
13吴艳宏,邴海健,刘恩峰等.龙感湖近百年来沉积物磷的时空分布特征及其人类活动影响.第四纪研究,2010,30(6):1151- 1155 Wu Yanhong,Bing Haijian,Liu Enfeng et al.Spatial and temporal distribution of phosphorus in the sediments of Longgan Lake over the past century and its relation to human activities.Quaternary Sciences,2010,30(6) -1151 -1155
14储国强,顾兆炎,许冰等.东北四海龙湾玛珥湖沉积物纹层计年与~(137)Cs、~(210)Pb测年,第四纪研究,2005,25(2):203-207 Chu Cuoqiang,Gu Zhaoyan,Xu Bing et al.Varve chronology radiometric dating(~(137)Cs,~(210)rb ) from the Sihailongwan Maar, Northeasten China.Quaternary Sciences,2005,25(2);203 -207
15吴敬禄,马龙.新疆干旱区柴窝堡湖沉积记录的150年来气候环境特征.第四纪研究,2010,30(6):1137-1144 Wu Jinglu,Ma Long.Characteristics of the climate and environment in arid regions over the past 150 years recoded by the core sediments of Chaiwopu Lake,Xinjiang,China.Quaternary Sciences,2010,30 (6):1137 -1144
16史小丽,秦伯强.长江中游网湖沉积物重金属元素变化特征分析.第四纪研究,2009.29(1):135-143 Shi Xiaoli,Qin Boqiang.Analysis on heavy metal distributions in core sediment from Wanghu Lake in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.Quaternary Sciences,2009,29(1 ):135 - 143
17姚书春,薛滨.长江下游青弋江、水阳江水系湖泊沉积物中重金属变化特征研究.第四纪研究,2010,30(6):1177-1185 Yao Shuchun,Xue Bin.Heavy metals in lake sediments of the Qingyi and Shuiyang drainages in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Quaternary Sciences,2010,30(6 ):1177 -1185
18张恩楼,曹艳敏,刘恩峰等.近150年来湖北太白湖摇蚊记录与湖泊营养演化.第四纪研究,2010,30(6):1156-1161 Zhang Enlou,Cao Yanmin,Liu Enfeng et al.Chironomid assemblage and trophic level of Taibai Lake in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River over the past 150 years.Quaternary Sciences,2010,30(6 ): 1156-1161
19王君波,朱立平,汪勇等,西藏纳木错现代沉积速率的空间分布特征及近60年来的变化研究.第四纪研究,2011,31(3): 535-543 Wang Junbo,Zhu Liping,Wang Yong et al.Spatial variability of recent sedimentation rate and variations in the past 60 years in Nam Co,Tibetan Plateau,China.Quaternary Sciences,2011,31(3 ): 535 - 543
20张瑞,潘少明,汪亚平等.长江河口水下三角洲~(137)Cs地球化学分布特征。第四纪研究,2008,28(4):629-639 Zhang Rui,Pan Shaoming,Wang Yaping et al.Characteristics of ~(137)Cs geochemical distribution in the subaqueous delta of the Changjiang estuary.Quaternary Sciences,2008,28(4);629 -639
21王安东,潘少明.长江口水下三角洲~(137)Cs最大蓄积峰的分布特征.第四纪研究,2011,31(2):329-337 Wang Andong,Pan Shaoming.Distribution of the ~(137)Cs maximum of the subaqueous delta in the Yangtze River estuary.Quaternary Sciences,2011,31(2):329 -337
22陈诗越,王苏民,陈影影等.东平湖沉积物~(210)Pb、~(137)Cs垂直分布及年代学意义.第四纪研究,2009,29(5):981-987 Chen Shiyue,Wang Sumin,Chen Yingying et al.Vertical distribution and chronological implication of rb and ~(137)Cs in sediments of Dongping Lake,Shandong Province.Quaternary Sciences,2009,29 (5):981 -987
23张振克,孟红明,王万芳等.海南岛1605年历史地震的海岸沉积记录.海洋地质与第四纪地质,2008,28(3):9-13 Zhang Zhenke,Meng Hongming,Wang Wanfang et al.Preliminary study on the coastal sediments records about the historical earthquake in the year of 1605,Hainan Island,China.Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology,2008,28(3 );9 - 13
24熊仕林,潘建纲,王文海等.中国海湾志——海南分册.北京:海洋出版社,1999.33-58 Xiong Shilin,Pan Jiangang,Wang Wenhai et al.Monograph of Coastal Bays in China(Volume of Hainan Province).Beijing:China Ocean Press,1993.33 -58
25 Hutchinson I,McMillan A D.Archaeological evidence for village abandonment associated with Late Holocene earthquakes at the northern Cascadia Subduction Zone.Quaternary Research,1997,48 (1):79 -87
26 Woodward J,White J,Cummings R.Paleoseismicity and the archaeological record;Areas of investigation on the northern Oregon coast.Oregon Geology,1990,52(1):57 -65
27 Minor R,Grant W.Earthquake-induced subsidence and burial Late Holocene archaeological sites,northern Oregon coast.American Antiquity,1996,61(4):772 -781
28 Cole S C,Atwater B F,McCutcheon P T et al.Earthquake-induced burial of archaeological sites along the southern Washington coast. Geoarchaeology,1996,11(2):165 - 177
29 Guilbault J P,Clague J J,Lapointe M.Amount of subsidence during a Late Holocene earthquake-Evidence from fossil tidal marsh foraminifera at Vancouver Island,west coast of Canada. Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,1995,118(1 - 2):49-71
30 Nichol S L,Goff J R,Devoy R J N et al.Lagoon subsidence and tsunami on the west coast of New Zealand.Sedimentary Geology, 2007,200(3 -4):248 -262
31 Goff J,Chague—Goff C,Nichol S.Palaeotsunami deposits;A New Zealand perspective.Sedimentary Geology,2001,143(1 -2):1 -6
32 UNEP(United Nations Environment Programme).Geo-Year Book; An Overview of Our Changing Environment 2004/5.Malta: Interprint Ltd.Malta,2005.50
33杨桂山,施雅风,季子修等。江苏沿海地区的相对海平面上升及其灾害性影响研究.自然灾害学报,1997,6(1):88-97 Yang Guishan,Shi Yafeng,Ji Zixiu et al.Relative sea level rise and its unfavorable impacts in Jiangsu coastal plain.Journal of Natural Disosters,1997,6(1):88-97
34黎兵,王寒梅,谢建磊等.长江口地区地面沉降的深部动力学机制分析.第四纪研究,2009,29(2):318-326 Li Bing,Wang Hanmei,Xie Jianlei et al.Analysis of deep dynamics on land subsidence in Yangtze River estuary,Eastern China. Quaternary Sciences,2009,29(2):318 -326
2杨文光,郑洪波,谢昕等.南海北部陆坡沉积记录的全新世早期夏季风极强事件.第四纪研究,2008,28(3):425-430 Yang Wenguang,Zheng Hongbo,Xie Xin et at.East Asian summer monsoon maximum records in northern South China Sea during the Early Holocene.Quaternary Sciences,2008,28(3);425 -430
3徐起浩.海南岛北部东寨港的形成、变迁与1605年琼州大地震.地震地质,1986,8(3):92-96 Xu Qihao.Formation and migration of Dongzhai Port in the northern Hainan Island and the major Qiongzhou Earthquake of 1605. Seismology and Geology,1986,8(3);92 -96
4徐起浩.1605年琼州大地震陆陷成海和可能的海啸.海洋学报, 2007,29(3):146-156 Xu Qihao.The land sank into the sea and possible tsunami by the great earthquake in Qiongzhou in China in 1605.Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2007,29(3):146 -156
5陈恩民,黄咏茵.1605年海南岛琼州大地震的震害特征和发震构造研究.地震学报,1989,11(3):319-331 Chen Enmin,Huang Yongyin.Characteristics of the seismic damage and analysis of the seismic structure of the 1605 great earthquake of Qiongzhou,Hainan Island.Acta Seismologica Sinica,1989,11(3 ); 319 -331
6 Atwater B F.Evidence for great Holocene earthquakes along the outer coast of Washington State.Science,1987,236:942 -944
7 Dawson A G,Stewart 1.Tsunami deposits in the geological record. Sedimentary Geology,2007,200(3 -4):166 - 183
8 Scheffers A,Kelletat D.Sedimentologic and geomorphologic tsunami imprints worldwide——A review.Earth -Science Reviews,2003,63 (1 -2):83 -92
9 Ambraseys N 3N.Earthquakes and archaeology.Journal of Archaeological Science,2006,33(7 ):1008 - 1016
10陈恩民,黄咏茵.1605年海南岛琼州大地震及其发震构造的初步探讨.地震地质,1979,1(4):37-44 Chen Enmin,Huang Yongyin.Preliminary discussion on the 1605 Qiongzhou earthquake and its seismogenetic structure.Seismology and Geology,1979,1(4):37 -44
11万国江.现代沉积年分辨率的~(137)Cs计年——以云南洱海和贵州红枫湖为例.第四纪研究,1999,(1):73-80 Wan Guojiang.~(137)Cs dating by annual distinguish for recent sedimentation:Samples from Erhai Lake and Hongfeng Lake. Quaternary Sciences,1999,(1):73 - 80
12夏威岚,薛滨.吉林小龙湾沉积速率的~(210)Pb和~(137)Cs年代学方法测定.第四纪研究,2004,24(1):124-125 Xia Weilan,Xue Bin.The rb and - Cs chronological meansurement on sedimentation rate of Xiaolongwan,Jilin. Quaternary Sciences,2004,24(1):124 - 125
13吴艳宏,邴海健,刘恩峰等.龙感湖近百年来沉积物磷的时空分布特征及其人类活动影响.第四纪研究,2010,30(6):1151- 1155 Wu Yanhong,Bing Haijian,Liu Enfeng et al.Spatial and temporal distribution of phosphorus in the sediments of Longgan Lake over the past century and its relation to human activities.Quaternary Sciences,2010,30(6) -1151 -1155
14储国强,顾兆炎,许冰等.东北四海龙湾玛珥湖沉积物纹层计年与~(137)Cs、~(210)Pb测年,第四纪研究,2005,25(2):203-207 Chu Cuoqiang,Gu Zhaoyan,Xu Bing et al.Varve chronology radiometric dating(~(137)Cs,~(210)rb ) from the Sihailongwan Maar, Northeasten China.Quaternary Sciences,2005,25(2);203 -207
15吴敬禄,马龙.新疆干旱区柴窝堡湖沉积记录的150年来气候环境特征.第四纪研究,2010,30(6):1137-1144 Wu Jinglu,Ma Long.Characteristics of the climate and environment in arid regions over the past 150 years recoded by the core sediments of Chaiwopu Lake,Xinjiang,China.Quaternary Sciences,2010,30 (6):1137 -1144
16史小丽,秦伯强.长江中游网湖沉积物重金属元素变化特征分析.第四纪研究,2009.29(1):135-143 Shi Xiaoli,Qin Boqiang.Analysis on heavy metal distributions in core sediment from Wanghu Lake in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.Quaternary Sciences,2009,29(1 ):135 - 143
17姚书春,薛滨.长江下游青弋江、水阳江水系湖泊沉积物中重金属变化特征研究.第四纪研究,2010,30(6):1177-1185 Yao Shuchun,Xue Bin.Heavy metals in lake sediments of the Qingyi and Shuiyang drainages in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Quaternary Sciences,2010,30(6 ):1177 -1185
18张恩楼,曹艳敏,刘恩峰等.近150年来湖北太白湖摇蚊记录与湖泊营养演化.第四纪研究,2010,30(6):1156-1161 Zhang Enlou,Cao Yanmin,Liu Enfeng et al.Chironomid assemblage and trophic level of Taibai Lake in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River over the past 150 years.Quaternary Sciences,2010,30(6 ): 1156-1161
19王君波,朱立平,汪勇等,西藏纳木错现代沉积速率的空间分布特征及近60年来的变化研究.第四纪研究,2011,31(3): 535-543 Wang Junbo,Zhu Liping,Wang Yong et al.Spatial variability of recent sedimentation rate and variations in the past 60 years in Nam Co,Tibetan Plateau,China.Quaternary Sciences,2011,31(3 ): 535 - 543
20张瑞,潘少明,汪亚平等.长江河口水下三角洲~(137)Cs地球化学分布特征。第四纪研究,2008,28(4):629-639 Zhang Rui,Pan Shaoming,Wang Yaping et al.Characteristics of ~(137)Cs geochemical distribution in the subaqueous delta of the Changjiang estuary.Quaternary Sciences,2008,28(4);629 -639
21王安东,潘少明.长江口水下三角洲~(137)Cs最大蓄积峰的分布特征.第四纪研究,2011,31(2):329-337 Wang Andong,Pan Shaoming.Distribution of the ~(137)Cs maximum of the subaqueous delta in the Yangtze River estuary.Quaternary Sciences,2011,31(2):329 -337
22陈诗越,王苏民,陈影影等.东平湖沉积物~(210)Pb、~(137)Cs垂直分布及年代学意义.第四纪研究,2009,29(5):981-987 Chen Shiyue,Wang Sumin,Chen Yingying et al.Vertical distribution and chronological implication of rb and ~(137)Cs in sediments of Dongping Lake,Shandong Province.Quaternary Sciences,2009,29 (5):981 -987
23张振克,孟红明,王万芳等.海南岛1605年历史地震的海岸沉积记录.海洋地质与第四纪地质,2008,28(3):9-13 Zhang Zhenke,Meng Hongming,Wang Wanfang et al.Preliminary study on the coastal sediments records about the historical earthquake in the year of 1605,Hainan Island,China.Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology,2008,28(3 );9 - 13
24熊仕林,潘建纲,王文海等.中国海湾志——海南分册.北京:海洋出版社,1999.33-58 Xiong Shilin,Pan Jiangang,Wang Wenhai et al.Monograph of Coastal Bays in China(Volume of Hainan Province).Beijing:China Ocean Press,1993.33 -58
25 Hutchinson I,McMillan A D.Archaeological evidence for village abandonment associated with Late Holocene earthquakes at the northern Cascadia Subduction Zone.Quaternary Research,1997,48 (1):79 -87
26 Woodward J,White J,Cummings R.Paleoseismicity and the archaeological record;Areas of investigation on the northern Oregon coast.Oregon Geology,1990,52(1):57 -65
27 Minor R,Grant W.Earthquake-induced subsidence and burial Late Holocene archaeological sites,northern Oregon coast.American Antiquity,1996,61(4):772 -781
28 Cole S C,Atwater B F,McCutcheon P T et al.Earthquake-induced burial of archaeological sites along the southern Washington coast. Geoarchaeology,1996,11(2):165 - 177
29 Guilbault J P,Clague J J,Lapointe M.Amount of subsidence during a Late Holocene earthquake-Evidence from fossil tidal marsh foraminifera at Vancouver Island,west coast of Canada. Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,1995,118(1 - 2):49-71
30 Nichol S L,Goff J R,Devoy R J N et al.Lagoon subsidence and tsunami on the west coast of New Zealand.Sedimentary Geology, 2007,200(3 -4):248 -262
31 Goff J,Chague—Goff C,Nichol S.Palaeotsunami deposits;A New Zealand perspective.Sedimentary Geology,2001,143(1 -2):1 -6
32 UNEP(United Nations Environment Programme).Geo-Year Book; An Overview of Our Changing Environment 2004/5.Malta: Interprint Ltd.Malta,2005.50
33杨桂山,施雅风,季子修等。江苏沿海地区的相对海平面上升及其灾害性影响研究.自然灾害学报,1997,6(1):88-97 Yang Guishan,Shi Yafeng,Ji Zixiu et al.Relative sea level rise and its unfavorable impacts in Jiangsu coastal plain.Journal of Natural Disosters,1997,6(1):88-97
34黎兵,王寒梅,谢建磊等.长江口地区地面沉降的深部动力学机制分析.第四纪研究,2009,29(2):318-326 Li Bing,Wang Hanmei,Xie Jianlei et al.Analysis of deep dynamics on land subsidence in Yangtze River estuary,Eastern China. Quaternary Sciences,2009,29(2):318 -326
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