汶川地震区特大泥石流工程防治新技术探索
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摘要
汶川地震在龙门山地区激发了大量的崩塌、滑坡,为泥石流的形成提供了丰富的松散固体物源,震后4年里泥石流非常活跃,暴发了数次特大规模泥石流。初步分析了2个典型泥石流防治工程失败的原因,发现对防治工程本身而言,主要因素在于目前大量采用的浆砌石结构抗冲击破坏能力弱。为了抵御特大泥石流的冲击破坏,初步提出了钢筋混凝土框架+浆砌石坝体式泥石流拦砂坝、预制钢筋混凝土箱体组装式拦砂坝的新型泥石流拦挡结构,以及复式断面泥石流排导槽、预制钢筋混凝土箱体组装式排导槽的新型泥石流排导结构,这些新结构可望在不大幅度增加工程投资的情况下,提高泥石流防治工程抗冲击破坏能力,缩短工程建设周期,保护流域生态环境,充分利用沟内现存材料。这些方法及其组合可望对特大泥石流进行有效的调控。
The Wenchuan earthquake has induced a great mass of collapse and landslide in the Longmen Mountain area,leading to the occurrence of extra-large scale debris flows.Through analyzing the failure reasons of two typical debris flow prevention engineerings,the main reason was that the stone masonry structure,which has been widely applied currently,has weak availability of resistance from debris flow.In order to resist the damaging of extra-large scale debris flows,new engineering structures were proposed for preventing debris flow,such as combination of check dam and drainage canal.The details of these new structures were check dam with the type of reinforced concrete frame + stone masonry dam body and prefabricated reinforced concrete cube boxes,drainage canal with the type of compound section and prefabricated reinforced concrete cube boxes.These new structures can improve the resistant abilities of check dams,decrease construction cycle,protect eco-environment of drainage area and make full use of existing materials in the gully without increasing investment.This new technology proposed can effectively control the extra-large scale debris flow in the Longmen Mountain area.
The Wenchuan earthquake has induced a great mass of collapse and landslide in the Longmen Mountain area,leading to the occurrence of extra-large scale debris flows.Through analyzing the failure reasons of two typical debris flow prevention engineerings,the main reason was that the stone masonry structure,which has been widely applied currently,has weak availability of resistance from debris flow.In order to resist the damaging of extra-large scale debris flows,new engineering structures were proposed for preventing debris flow,such as combination of check dam and drainage canal.The details of these new structures were check dam with the type of reinforced concrete frame + stone masonry dam body and prefabricated reinforced concrete cube boxes,drainage canal with the type of compound section and prefabricated reinforced concrete cube boxes.These new structures can improve the resistant abilities of check dams,decrease construction cycle,protect eco-environment of drainage area and make full use of existing materials in the gully without increasing investment.This new technology proposed can effectively control the extra-large scale debris flow in the Longmen Mountain area.
引文
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[13]You Yong,Chen Xingzhang,Liu Jinfeng.“8.13”extralarge debris flow disaster in Wenjia Gully of Qingping town-ship,Mianzhu,Sichuan province[J].Journal of Catastrop-hology,2011,26(4):68-72.[游勇,陈兴长,柳金峰.四川绵竹清平乡文家沟“8.13”特大泥石流灾害[J].灾害学,2011,26(4):68-72.]
[14]陈晓清,崔鹏,游勇,等.一种框架式泥石流拦砂坝及其施工方法:中国,201110135612.8[P].2011-5-24.
[15]陈晓清,李德基,游勇,等.一种组装式泥石流拦砂坝及其施工方法:中国,ZL201110082348.6[P].2012-9-5.
[16]陈晓清,崔鹏,游勇,等.一种复式泥石流排导槽:中国,ZL201010528193.X[P].2011-12-14.
[17]陈晓清,崔鹏,游勇,等.一种组装式泥石流排导槽及其施工方法:中国,ZL201110083623.6[P].2012-10-3.
[2]Cui Peng,Wei Fangqiang,Chen Xiaoqing,et al.Geo-hazardsin Wenchuan earthquake area and countermeasures for dis-aster reduction[J].Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sci-ences,2008,23(4):317-323.[崔鹏,韦方强,陈晓清,等.汶川地震次生山地灾害及其减灾对策[J].中国科学院院刊,2008,23(4):317-323.]
[3]Cui P,Chen X Q,Zhu Y Y,et al.The Wencuan earthquake(12 May 2008),Sichuan Province,China,and resultingGeohazards[J].Nature Hazards,2011,56:19-36.
[4]Tang Chuan,Liang Jingtao.Characteristics of debris flows inBeichuan epicenter of the Wenchuan earthquake triggered byrainstorm on September 24,2008[J].Journal of EngineeringGeology,2009,16(6):751-758.[唐川,梁京涛.汶川震区北川9.24暴雨泥石流特征研究[J].工程地质学报,2009,16(6):751-758.]
[5]Hu Kaiheng,Ge Yonggang,Cui Peng,et al.Preliminary anal-ysis of extra-large-scale debris flow disaster in Zhouqu coun-ty of Gansu province[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2010,28(5):628-634.[胡凯衡,葛永刚,崔鹏,等.对甘肃舟曲特大泥石流灾害的初步认识[J].山地学报,2010,28(5):628-634.]
[6]Su Pengcheng,Wei Fangqiang,Ma Hanzhong,et al.Causesand effects of group-occurring debris flow disasters in Qing-ping town,Mianyuan River upstream,Sichuan[J].Journal ofMountain Science,2011,29(3):337-347.[苏鹏程,韦方强,马汉中,等.“8.13”四川清平群发性泥石流灾害成因及其影响[J].山地学报,2011,29(3):337-347.]
[7]Li Chaoan,Hu Xiewen,Li Guanqi,et al.Formation mecha-nism of the‘8.13’catastrophic debris flow in Sichuan andthe principles of controlling[J].Research of Soil and WaterConservation,2012,19(2):257-263.[李朝安,胡卸文,李冠奇,等.四川省“8.13”特大泥石流灾害成生机理与防治原则[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(2):257-263.]
[8]Ma Dontao,Qi Long.Study on comprehensive controlling ofdebris flow hazard in Sanyanyu Gully[J].Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation,1997,17(4):26-31.[马东涛,祁龙.三眼裕沟泥石流灾害及其综合治理[J].水土保持通报,1997,17(4):26-31.]
[9]Wang Genlong,Zhang Maosheng,Zhao Cheng,et al.Post-thinking of the former mitigation measures for the Sanyanyudebris flow[J].Northwestern Geology,2011,44(3):115-121.[王根龙,张茂省,赵成,等.对三眼峪泥石流以往防治措施的反思[J].西北地质,2011,44(3):115-121.]
[10]Hu Guisheng,Chen Ningsheng,Deng Mingfeng,et al.Anal-ysis of the characteristics of impact force of massive stones ofthe Sanyanyu debris flow gully in Zhouqu,Gansu province[J].Earth and Environment,2011,39(4):478-484.[胡桂胜,陈宁生,邓明枫,等.甘肃舟曲三眼峪沟泥石流粗大颗粒冲击力特征分析[J].地球与环境,2011,39(4):478-484.]
[11]四川省地质工程集团公司.文家沟泥石流勘查设计书[R].2008.
[12]Wang Zhaoyin,Qi Lijian,Wang Xuzhao.Debris flow controlwith dissipation structure—experience from Wenjiagou[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2012,43(3):253-263.[王兆印,漆力健,王旭昭.消能结构防治泥石流研究—以文家沟为例[J].水利学报,2012,43(3):253-263.]
[13]You Yong,Chen Xingzhang,Liu Jinfeng.“8.13”extralarge debris flow disaster in Wenjia Gully of Qingping town-ship,Mianzhu,Sichuan province[J].Journal of Catastrop-hology,2011,26(4):68-72.[游勇,陈兴长,柳金峰.四川绵竹清平乡文家沟“8.13”特大泥石流灾害[J].灾害学,2011,26(4):68-72.]
[14]陈晓清,崔鹏,游勇,等.一种框架式泥石流拦砂坝及其施工方法:中国,201110135612.8[P].2011-5-24.
[15]陈晓清,李德基,游勇,等.一种组装式泥石流拦砂坝及其施工方法:中国,ZL201110082348.6[P].2012-9-5.
[16]陈晓清,崔鹏,游勇,等.一种复式泥石流排导槽:中国,ZL201010528193.X[P].2011-12-14.
[17]陈晓清,崔鹏,游勇,等.一种组装式泥石流排导槽及其施工方法:中国,ZL201110083623.6[P].2012-10-3.
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