汶川8.0级地震及其强余震引起的唐山井水位同震响应特征分析
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摘要
统计了汶川8.0级地震及其强余震引起的唐山井水位同震变化的幅度参数(最大振幅、阶变量)和时间参数(最大振幅时刻,同震持续时间),以及邻近的陡河台记录的地震波的体波和面波的到时.计算分析了同震参数与震级(ML,MS和MW三种震级)、井-震距、震源深度的相关方程及同震参数间的相关关系.结果表明,同震变化量与MS震级的相关性最好,与震源深度和井-震距相关性较弱;同震最大幅度与同震阶变量、同震持续时间相关性很高,水位同震振荡和阶变均来自地震波引起的动应变;水位同震振荡的最大振幅发生在S波至瑞利波时段,水位同震响应是地震波与水文地质环境等多种因素共同作用的结果.
Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake and its 15 large aftershocks(MS≥5.4) induced coseismic water level change in the Tangshan well. We statistically analyzed the correlation between the coseismic variation parameters (such as maximum amplitude of oscillations, duration of variation, coseismic stepwise change and difference of variation time) and earthquake parameters (such as magnitude, epicenter distance and focal depth, and corresponding seismic phase type at the same time when the maximum variation amplitude appeared. Seismic phases were recorded by Dohe station, about 16.3 km away from the well). We drew the following conclusions: The main factor affecting water level change is earthquake magnitude, and the epicenter distance and focal depth have a little affection. MS magnitude is the best choice for analyzing coseismic water level variation in comparison with MW and ML. There exists good correlation between the stepwise change amplitude and duration of water level oscillation and the maximum water level change amplitude. They are all caused by dynamic strain induced by seismic waves. The appearing time of maximum amplitude of seismic oscillation is between the arrival of S wave and Rayleigh wave. The water level response is the co-effect of the arrived seismic waves and hydro-geological environment variation.
Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake and its 15 large aftershocks(MS≥5.4) induced coseismic water level change in the Tangshan well. We statistically analyzed the correlation between the coseismic variation parameters (such as maximum amplitude of oscillations, duration of variation, coseismic stepwise change and difference of variation time) and earthquake parameters (such as magnitude, epicenter distance and focal depth, and corresponding seismic phase type at the same time when the maximum variation amplitude appeared. Seismic phases were recorded by Dohe station, about 16.3 km away from the well). We drew the following conclusions: The main factor affecting water level change is earthquake magnitude, and the epicenter distance and focal depth have a little affection. MS magnitude is the best choice for analyzing coseismic water level variation in comparison with MW and ML. There exists good correlation between the stepwise change amplitude and duration of water level oscillation and the maximum water level change amplitude. They are all caused by dynamic strain induced by seismic waves. The appearing time of maximum amplitude of seismic oscillation is between the arrival of S wave and Rayleigh wave. The water level response is the co-effect of the arrived seismic waves and hydro-geological environment variation.
引文
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车用太,鱼金子.2004.地下流体典型异常的调查与研究[M].北京:气象出版社:337-349.
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杨竹转,邓志辉,赵云旭,朱培耀.2005.云南思茅大寨井水位同震阶变的初步研究[J].地震学报,27(5):569-574.
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张素欣,张子广,张跃刚,孙佩卿,骆艳欣.2005.2004年12月26日印尼大地震河北省数字水位、地热记震能力分析[J].华北地震科学,23(3):27-30.
张素欣,杨卫东,张子广.2007.唐山矿井模拟与数字水位的记震能力对比分析[J].西北地震学报,29(2):170-173
张子广,万迪堃,董守玉.1998.水震波与地震面波的对比研究及其应用[J].地震,18(4):399-404.
张子广,张素欣,郑云贞,王贺生.2002.山西水2井和岳42井水位记震能力分析[J].西北地震学报,24(3):262-266.
Cooper H H,Brredehoeft J D,Papadopulous I S,Bennett R R.1965.The response of well-aquifer systems to seismicwaves[J].J Geophys Res.70(16):3915-3926.
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Kitagawa G,Norio Matsumoto.1996.Detection of coseismic changes of underground water Level[J].Journal of theAmerican Statistical Association,91(434):521-528.
Kitagawa Y,Koizumi N,Takahashi M,Matsumoto N,Sato T.2006.Changesin groundwater levels or pressures associ-ated with the2004earthquake off the west coast of northern Sumatra(M9.0)[J].Earth Planets Space,58:173-179.
Koizumi N Y,Kitagawa M,Takahashi M,Sato T,Natsumoto N,Ito H,Kuwahara Y,Cho A.2002.Changes ingroundwater level and crustal strainin and aroundthe Kinki district relatedto the2001geiyo earthquake[J].Zishin,55:119-127.
Kunugi T,Fukao Y,Ohno M.2000.Underdamped responses of a well to nearby swarmearthquakes off the coast of ItoCity,central Japan,1995[J].J Geophy Res.105:7805-7818.
Lai WJ,Koizumi N,Matsumoto N,Kitagawa Y,Lin C W,Shieh C L,Lee YP.2004.Effects of seismic ground motionand geological setting on the coseismic groundwater level changes caused by the1999Chi Chi earthquake,Tai wan[J].Earth Planets Space,56:873-880.
Matsumoto N.1992.Regression analysis for anomalous changes of ground water level due to earthquake[J].GeophysRes Lett[J].19(12):1193-1196.
Wang C H,Wang C Y,Kuo C H,Chen WF.2005.Some isotopic and hydrological changes associated with the1999Chi-Chi earthquake,Tai wan[J].Island Arc,27:37-54.
Woodcock D,Roeloffs E A.1996.Seismicallyinduced water-level oscillationin a fractured-rock aquifer well near GrantsPass,Oregon[J].Oregon Geology,58:27-33.
车用太,鱼金子.2004.地下流体典型异常的调查与研究[M].北京:气象出版社:337-349.
胡幸平,俞春泉,陶开,崔效锋,宁杰远,王艳华.2008.利用P波初动资料求解汶川地震及其强余震震源机制解[J].地球物理学报,51(6):1711-1718.
黄辅琼,迟恭财,徐桂明,简春林,邓志辉.2000.大陆地下流体对台湾南投7.6级地震的响应研究[J].地震,20(增刊):119-125.
刘耀炜,杨选辉,刘永铭,陈大庆.2005.地下流体对苏门答腊8.7级地震的响应特征[G]∥2004年印度尼西亚苏门答腊8.7级大地震及其对中国大陆地区的影响.北京:地震出版社:131-258.
马丽,尹宝军,黄建平,陈会忠,张晁军.2008.唐山井的水温同震变化特征[G]∥中国地震预报探索.北京:地震出版社:356-363.
石耀霖,曹建玲,马丽,尹宝军.2007.唐山井水温的同震变化及其物理解释[J].地震学报:29(3):265-273.
舒优良,张世民,黄辅琼.2006.印尼8.7级和8.5级两次强震周至深井的震时效应研究[J].地震地磁观测与研究,27(2):16-22.
王卫民,赵连锋,李娟,姚振兴.2008.四川汶川8.0级地震震源过程[J].地球物理学报,51(5):1403-1410.
杨竹转,邓志辉,赵云旭,朱培耀.2005.云南思茅大寨井水位同震阶变的初步研究[J].地震学报,27(5):569-574.
张国民,张晓东,刘杰,刘耀炜,田勤俭,郝平,马宏生,焦明若.2005.印尼苏门答腊8.7级大震对中国陆区的影响[J].地震,25(4):15-25.
张素欣,张子广,张跃刚,孙佩卿,骆艳欣.2005.2004年12月26日印尼大地震河北省数字水位、地热记震能力分析[J].华北地震科学,23(3):27-30.
张素欣,杨卫东,张子广.2007.唐山矿井模拟与数字水位的记震能力对比分析[J].西北地震学报,29(2):170-173
张子广,万迪堃,董守玉.1998.水震波与地震面波的对比研究及其应用[J].地震,18(4):399-404.
张子广,张素欣,郑云贞,王贺生.2002.山西水2井和岳42井水位记震能力分析[J].西北地震学报,24(3):262-266.
Cooper H H,Brredehoeft J D,Papadopulous I S,Bennett R R.1965.The response of well-aquifer systems to seismicwaves[J].J Geophys Res.70(16):3915-3926.
King C Y,Azuma S,Igarashi G,Ohno M,Saito H,Wakita H.1999.Earthquake-related water-level changes at16Closely clustered wells in Tono,central Japan[J].J Geophys Res,104(B6):13073-13082.
Kitagawa G,Norio Matsumoto.1996.Detection of coseismic changes of underground water Level[J].Journal of theAmerican Statistical Association,91(434):521-528.
Kitagawa Y,Koizumi N,Takahashi M,Matsumoto N,Sato T.2006.Changesin groundwater levels or pressures associ-ated with the2004earthquake off the west coast of northern Sumatra(M9.0)[J].Earth Planets Space,58:173-179.
Koizumi N Y,Kitagawa M,Takahashi M,Sato T,Natsumoto N,Ito H,Kuwahara Y,Cho A.2002.Changes ingroundwater level and crustal strainin and aroundthe Kinki district relatedto the2001geiyo earthquake[J].Zishin,55:119-127.
Kunugi T,Fukao Y,Ohno M.2000.Underdamped responses of a well to nearby swarmearthquakes off the coast of ItoCity,central Japan,1995[J].J Geophy Res.105:7805-7818.
Lai WJ,Koizumi N,Matsumoto N,Kitagawa Y,Lin C W,Shieh C L,Lee YP.2004.Effects of seismic ground motionand geological setting on the coseismic groundwater level changes caused by the1999Chi Chi earthquake,Tai wan[J].Earth Planets Space,56:873-880.
Matsumoto N.1992.Regression analysis for anomalous changes of ground water level due to earthquake[J].GeophysRes Lett[J].19(12):1193-1196.
Wang C H,Wang C Y,Kuo C H,Chen WF.2005.Some isotopic and hydrological changes associated with the1999Chi-Chi earthquake,Tai wan[J].Island Arc,27:37-54.
Woodcock D,Roeloffs E A.1996.Seismicallyinduced water-level oscillationin a fractured-rock aquifer well near GrantsPass,Oregon[J].Oregon Geology,58:27-33.
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