塔里木盆地主力烃源岩的诸多证据
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摘要
对塔里木盆地古生界海平面变化及沉积相分析、地震反射特征识别及生烃成藏配置关系的综合分析表明,下奥陶统上部—中奥陶统是塔里木盆地海相主力烃源岩。主要依据有:①下奥陶统上部—中奥陶统是塔里木盆地震旦系奥陶系沉积水体最深的层位,沉积有机质相对平均含量最高;②北部坳陷区地震响应表明,下奥陶统上部—中奥陶统下部为一套弱反射或无反射区,具有以泥质岩为主的反射特征,推测为烃源岩,其地震反射特征与下寒武统泥质烃源岩反射特征相似;③海平面变化及沉积相分析表明,下奥陶统上部—中奥陶统烃源岩主要形成于还原环境的饥饿盆地—盆地边缘相环境,据推测分布于整个北部坳陷区;④生烃成藏配置关系分析表明,塔中及塔北隆起的主要海相原生油藏的成藏期为晚海西燕山期,与北部坳陷区下奥陶统上部—中奥陶统烃源岩的生油高峰期吻合,而与下寒武统源岩生油高峰期(晚奥陶世—石炭纪)及上奥陶统源岩生油高峰期(白垩纪以来)不配套;⑤目前在塔中及塔北隆起已发现的油气藏分布特点说明了油气主要来源于北部坳陷盆地相烃源岩分布区。
Comprehensive analysis on the sea level changes, sedimentary facies, seismic reflection characteristics, and relationship between hydrocarbon-generation and reservoir formation of the Paleozoic in Tarim Basin shows that the area from the upper of the Lower Ordovician to the Middle Ordovician developed chief marine source rock. The evidences include following aspects: ①The upper of the Lower Ordovician to the Middle Ordovician is the stratum with the deepest sedimentary water in the Sinian to Ordovician of Tarim Basin. The average content of sedimentary total organic carbon (TOC) is the highest. ②The seismic response from the upper of the Lower Ordovician to the lower of the Middle Ordovician in the northern depression of Tarim Basin is characterized by weak or blank reflection and similar to that of the Lower Cambrian mudstone source rock. It is speculated that the stratum is made of source rock. ③The analysis on sea level change and sedimentary facies indicates that the source rocks from the upper of the Lower Ordovician to the Middle Ordovician were mainly formed in starved basin to marginal basin with deoxidization environment. The source rocks may be distributed in all area of the northern depression of Tarim Basin. ④The analysis on relationship between hydrocarbon-generation and reservoir formation shows that the formations of primary oil reservoirs of chief marine in the central and northern uplift of Tarim Basin are in the stage from the Permian to the Cretaceous, which is coupling to the chief oil-generation stage of source rock from the upper of the Lower Ordovician to the Middle Ordovician, but not coupling to the oil-generation stage of source rock of the Lower Cambrian and the Late Ordovician. ⑤The distribution of oil-gas reservoirs discovered in the central and northern uplift of Tarim Basin indicates that oil and gas should be mainly migrated from the distributing region of basin facies' source rocks in the northern depression.
Comprehensive analysis on the sea level changes, sedimentary facies, seismic reflection characteristics, and relationship between hydrocarbon-generation and reservoir formation of the Paleozoic in Tarim Basin shows that the area from the upper of the Lower Ordovician to the Middle Ordovician developed chief marine source rock. The evidences include following aspects: ①The upper of the Lower Ordovician to the Middle Ordovician is the stratum with the deepest sedimentary water in the Sinian to Ordovician of Tarim Basin. The average content of sedimentary total organic carbon (TOC) is the highest. ②The seismic response from the upper of the Lower Ordovician to the lower of the Middle Ordovician in the northern depression of Tarim Basin is characterized by weak or blank reflection and similar to that of the Lower Cambrian mudstone source rock. It is speculated that the stratum is made of source rock. ③The analysis on sea level change and sedimentary facies indicates that the source rocks from the upper of the Lower Ordovician to the Middle Ordovician were mainly formed in starved basin to marginal basin with deoxidization environment. The source rocks may be distributed in all area of the northern depression of Tarim Basin. ④The analysis on relationship between hydrocarbon-generation and reservoir formation shows that the formations of primary oil reservoirs of chief marine in the central and northern uplift of Tarim Basin are in the stage from the Permian to the Cretaceous, which is coupling to the chief oil-generation stage of source rock from the upper of the Lower Ordovician to the Middle Ordovician, but not coupling to the oil-generation stage of source rock of the Lower Cambrian and the Late Ordovician. ⑤The distribution of oil-gas reservoirs discovered in the central and northern uplift of Tarim Basin indicates that oil and gas should be mainly migrated from the distributing region of basin facies' source rocks in the northern depression.
引文
张光亚,杨文静,王红军,等.塔里木盆地台盆区油气藏主控因素及油气分布规律.“九五”国家重点科技攻关项目专题(99 111 01 04 02)成果 报告,2000.
张光亚,杨文静,王红军,等.塔里木盆地台盆区油气藏主控因素及油气分布规律.“九五”国家重点科技攻关项目专题(99 111 01 04 02)成果 报告,2000.
张水昌,张宝民,赵孟军,等.塔里木盆地油气源及成藏研究.“九五”国家重点科技攻关项目专题(99 111 01 03)成果报告,2000.
田军,廖涛,顾乔元,等.塔里木台盆区大中型油气田勘探目标选择与评价.“九五”国家重点科技攻关项目专题(99 111 03 01)成果报告, 2000.
[1]范璞,马宝林.塔里木油气地质总论[M].北京:科学出版社,1990:1258.
[2]康玉柱.中国塔里木盆地石油地质特性及资源评价[M].北京:地质出版社,1996:1348.
[3]赵孟军,黄第藩.塔里木盆地古生界油源对比[A].见:贾承造.塔里木盆地石油地质研究新进展[C].北京:科学出版社,1996:300310.
[4]张水昌.塔里木盆地海相原油的源岩[A].见:贾承造.塔里木盆地石油地质研究新进展[C].北京:科学出版社,1996:311320.
[5]赵靖舟.塔里木盆地北部寒武—奥陶系海相烃源岩重新认识[J].沉积学报,2001,19(1):117124.
[6]张水昌,王飞宇,张保民,等.塔里木盆地中上奥陶统油源层地球化学研究[J].石油学报,2000,21(6):2328.
[7]VailPR,MitchumRMJr,ThompsonS.Seismicstratigraphy andglobalchangesofsealevel,Part4:Globalcyclesofrelative changesofsealevel[A].In:PaytonCE.Seismicstratigraphy:Applicationstohydrocarbonexploration[C].AAPGMemoir26,1977:8397.
[8]蔡忠贤,贾振远,肖立新.塔里木盆地北部早古生代早—中奥陶世一次典型的碳酸盐岩台地沉没事件[J].现代地质,1998,12(1):3239.
[9]李椿,王艳丽,杜鸿烈,等.塔里木盆地柯坪地区烃源岩评价[J].新疆石油学院学报,2001,13(1):2225.
[10]周棣康,王君奇,叶德胜.塔里木盆地北部奥陶纪地层及沉积特征[A].见:蒋炳南.塔里木盆地北部油气田勘探与开发论文集[C].北京:地质出版社,2000:1123.
[11]周志毅,赵治信,胡兆.塔里木盆地各纪地层[M].北京:科学出版社,2001:10300.
[12]赵靖舟,庞雯,吴少波,等.塔里木盆地海相油气成藏年代与成藏特征[J].地质科学,2002,37(增刊):8190.
[13]丁勇,晏银华,顾忆,等.塔里木盆地塔河油田成藏史与成藏机制[J].新疆石油地质,2001,22(6):478479.
[14]陈红汉,李纯泉,张希明,等.运用流体包裹体确定塔河油田油气成藏期次及主成藏期[J].地学前缘,2003,10(1):2025.
[15]顾忆.塔里木盆地北部塔河油田油气藏成藏机制[J].石油实验地质,2000,22(4):307312.
[16]赵靖舟,田军.塔里木盆地哈得4油田成藏年代学研究[J].岩石矿物学杂志,2002,21(1):6268.
[17]赵靖舟.塔里木盆地烃类流体包裹体与成藏年代分析[J].石油勘探与开发,2002,29(4):2125.
[18]刘洛夫,赵建章,张水昌,等.塔里木盆地志留系沥青砂岩的成因类型及特征[J].石油学报,2000,21(6):1217.
[19]王红军,周兴熙.塔里木盆地典型海相成因天然气藏成藏模式[J].石油学报,2001,22(1):1418.
张光亚,杨文静,王红军,等.塔里木盆地台盆区油气藏主控因素及油气分布规律.“九五”国家重点科技攻关项目专题(99 111 01 04 02)成果 报告,2000.
张水昌,张宝民,赵孟军,等.塔里木盆地油气源及成藏研究.“九五”国家重点科技攻关项目专题(99 111 01 03)成果报告,2000.
田军,廖涛,顾乔元,等.塔里木台盆区大中型油气田勘探目标选择与评价.“九五”国家重点科技攻关项目专题(99 111 03 01)成果报告, 2000.
[1]范璞,马宝林.塔里木油气地质总论[M].北京:科学出版社,1990:1258.
[2]康玉柱.中国塔里木盆地石油地质特性及资源评价[M].北京:地质出版社,1996:1348.
[3]赵孟军,黄第藩.塔里木盆地古生界油源对比[A].见:贾承造.塔里木盆地石油地质研究新进展[C].北京:科学出版社,1996:300310.
[4]张水昌.塔里木盆地海相原油的源岩[A].见:贾承造.塔里木盆地石油地质研究新进展[C].北京:科学出版社,1996:311320.
[5]赵靖舟.塔里木盆地北部寒武—奥陶系海相烃源岩重新认识[J].沉积学报,2001,19(1):117124.
[6]张水昌,王飞宇,张保民,等.塔里木盆地中上奥陶统油源层地球化学研究[J].石油学报,2000,21(6):2328.
[7]VailPR,MitchumRMJr,ThompsonS.Seismicstratigraphy andglobalchangesofsealevel,Part4:Globalcyclesofrelative changesofsealevel[A].In:PaytonCE.Seismicstratigraphy:Applicationstohydrocarbonexploration[C].AAPGMemoir26,1977:8397.
[8]蔡忠贤,贾振远,肖立新.塔里木盆地北部早古生代早—中奥陶世一次典型的碳酸盐岩台地沉没事件[J].现代地质,1998,12(1):3239.
[9]李椿,王艳丽,杜鸿烈,等.塔里木盆地柯坪地区烃源岩评价[J].新疆石油学院学报,2001,13(1):2225.
[10]周棣康,王君奇,叶德胜.塔里木盆地北部奥陶纪地层及沉积特征[A].见:蒋炳南.塔里木盆地北部油气田勘探与开发论文集[C].北京:地质出版社,2000:1123.
[11]周志毅,赵治信,胡兆.塔里木盆地各纪地层[M].北京:科学出版社,2001:10300.
[12]赵靖舟,庞雯,吴少波,等.塔里木盆地海相油气成藏年代与成藏特征[J].地质科学,2002,37(增刊):8190.
[13]丁勇,晏银华,顾忆,等.塔里木盆地塔河油田成藏史与成藏机制[J].新疆石油地质,2001,22(6):478479.
[14]陈红汉,李纯泉,张希明,等.运用流体包裹体确定塔河油田油气成藏期次及主成藏期[J].地学前缘,2003,10(1):2025.
[15]顾忆.塔里木盆地北部塔河油田油气藏成藏机制[J].石油实验地质,2000,22(4):307312.
[16]赵靖舟,田军.塔里木盆地哈得4油田成藏年代学研究[J].岩石矿物学杂志,2002,21(1):6268.
[17]赵靖舟.塔里木盆地烃类流体包裹体与成藏年代分析[J].石油勘探与开发,2002,29(4):2125.
[18]刘洛夫,赵建章,张水昌,等.塔里木盆地志留系沥青砂岩的成因类型及特征[J].石油学报,2000,21(6):1217.
[19]王红军,周兴熙.塔里木盆地典型海相成因天然气藏成藏模式[J].石油学报,2001,22(1):1418.
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