琼东南盆地南部深水区中新统层序地层地震相与沉积演化特征
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摘要
根据高分辨率地震资料的反射和结构特征,结合地震剖面振幅旋回性变化,将研究区中新统划分为3个层序组及6个三级层序。三个层序组自下而上分别对应三亚组、梅山组及黄流组三个地层组。在层序格架内识别出六种典型的地震相类型:丘状地震相、前积地震相、水道充填地震相、杂乱地震相、波状地震相以及平行—亚平行地震相。三亚组以波状反射和平行—亚平行反射为主;梅山组以丘状反射和波状反射为主,梅山期是生物礁发育的繁盛期;黄流组仍以丘状反射和波状反射为主,但丘状反射规模较梅山组明显减小。中新统整体上表现为一个水进的过程,从滨浅海环境过渡到浅海环境再逐渐过渡到半深海环境,发育有扇三角洲、生物礁滩以及水道沉积体系,而地震相的分布和演化明显受沉积体系演化的控制。生物礁和水道沉积可能是该区的有利储层。
Based on the reflection and architectural characteristics of the high resolution seismic data,and combined with the cyclic variations of seismic attribute,the Miocene sedimentary sequence can be divided into three sequence groups and six 3rd-order sequences in the deep-water region,Southern Qiongdongnan Basin.From bottom to top,three sequence groups correspond to Sanya,Meishan and Huangliu Formations respectively.In the sequence framework,six types of typical seismic facies are indentified,which include moundy seismic facies,progradational seismic facies,channel-filled seismic facies,chaotic seismic facies,wavy seismic facies as well as parallel and sub-parallel seismic facies.Wavy reflection and parallel and sub-parallel reflection mainly develop in Sanya Formation while the moundy and wavy reflections dominates in Meishan Formation.Reefs thrived rapidly during Meishan age.Moundy and wavy reflections remained dominant but the scale of the moundy reflection was obviously minishing in Huangliu Formation compared with that in Meishan Formation.The whole Miocene sequence displayed a transgression progress in which the sedimentary environments changed from littoral and neritic to shallow marine and then gradually transited to bathyal so that fan deltas,reef shoals and channel sedimentary systems developed.It is known that the distribution and evolution of seismic facies are obviously controlled by the evolution of the sedimentary systems.It is suggested that the reefs and channel sediments may be the favorable hydrocarbon reservoirs.
Based on the reflection and architectural characteristics of the high resolution seismic data,and combined with the cyclic variations of seismic attribute,the Miocene sedimentary sequence can be divided into three sequence groups and six 3rd-order sequences in the deep-water region,Southern Qiongdongnan Basin.From bottom to top,three sequence groups correspond to Sanya,Meishan and Huangliu Formations respectively.In the sequence framework,six types of typical seismic facies are indentified,which include moundy seismic facies,progradational seismic facies,channel-filled seismic facies,chaotic seismic facies,wavy seismic facies as well as parallel and sub-parallel seismic facies.Wavy reflection and parallel and sub-parallel reflection mainly develop in Sanya Formation while the moundy and wavy reflections dominates in Meishan Formation.Reefs thrived rapidly during Meishan age.Moundy and wavy reflections remained dominant but the scale of the moundy reflection was obviously minishing in Huangliu Formation compared with that in Meishan Formation.The whole Miocene sequence displayed a transgression progress in which the sedimentary environments changed from littoral and neritic to shallow marine and then gradually transited to bathyal so that fan deltas,reef shoals and channel sedimentary systems developed.It is known that the distribution and evolution of seismic facies are obviously controlled by the evolution of the sedimentary systems.It is suggested that the reefs and channel sediments may be the favorable hydrocarbon reservoirs.
引文
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[20]郭建宇,马朋善,胡平忠,等.地震-地质方法识别生物礁[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(5):587-591.
[21]Mutti E,Normark W R.An integrated approach to the study ofturbidite systems[M].New York:Springer-Verlag,1991:75-106.
[2]李忠.“从最高到最深”——从第17届国际沉积学大会看沉积学研究前沿[J].沉积学报,2006,24(6):928-933.
[3]赵政璋,赵贤正,李景明,等.国外海洋深水油气勘探发展趋势及启示[J].中国石油勘探,2005,10(6):71-76.
[4]Catuneanu O.Principles of sequence stratigraphy[M].Am-sterdam::Elsevier Press,2006.
[5]徐怀大.从地震地层学到层序地层学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997.
[6]Deptuck M E,Steffans G S,Barton M,et al.Architectureand evolution of upper fan channel-belts on the Niger Deltaslope and in the Arabian Sea[J].Marine and Petroleum Geol-ogy,2003,20(6-8):649-676.
[7]李磊,王英民,黄志超,等.尼日尔三角洲深水区层序地层及地震相研究[J].沉积学报,2008,26(3):407-416.
[8]Prather B E,Booth J R,Steffens G S,et al.Classification,lithologic calibration,and stratigraphic succession of seismicfacies of intraslope basins,deep-water Gulf of Mexico[J].AAPG Bulletin,1998,82(5A):701-728.
[9]魏魁生,崔旱云,叶淑芬,等.琼东南盆地高精度层序地层学研究[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2001,26(1):59-66.
[10]龚再升.生物礁是南海北部深水区的重要勘探领域[J].中国海上油气,2009,21(5):289-295.
[11]张功成,米立军,吴景富,等.凸起及其倾没端——琼东南盆地深水区大中型油气田有利勘探方向[J].中国海上油气,2010,22(6),360-368.
[12]朱伟林.南海北部深水区油气勘探关键地质问题[J].地质学报,2009,83(8):1059-1064.
[13]吴时国,袁圣强,董冬冬,等.南海北部深水区中新世生物礁发育特征[J].海洋与沼泽,2009,40(2):117-121.
[14]袁玉松,杨树春,胡圣标,等.琼东南盆地构造沉降史及其主控因素[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(2):376-383
[15]Mitchum R M.Seismic stratigraphy and global changes ofsea level,part II:Glossary of terms used in seismic stratigra-phy[J].AAPG Memoir 26,1977:205-212.
[16]Shannon P M,Stoker M S,Praeg D,et al.Sequence strati-graphic analysis in deep-water,underfilled NW Europeanpassive margin basins[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2005,22(9-10):1185-1200.
[17]王英民.对层序地层学工业化应用中层序分级混乱问题的讨论[J].岩性油气藏,2007,19(1):9-15.
[18]Gong C L,Wang Y M,Zhu W L,et al.The Central Sub-marine Canyon in the Qiongdongnan Basin,northwesternSouth China Sea:Architecture,sequence stratigraphy,anddepositional processes[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2011,28(9),1690-1702.
[19]孙家振,李兰斌.地震地质综合解释教程[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,2002.
[20]郭建宇,马朋善,胡平忠,等.地震-地质方法识别生物礁[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(5):587-591.
[21]Mutti E,Normark W R.An integrated approach to the study ofturbidite systems[M].New York:Springer-Verlag,1991:75-106.
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