中国大陆地壳和上地幔三维温度场
摘要
根据Goes等发展的方法,利用层析成像提供的S波波速计算得到了中国大陆上地幔三维温度场,所得到的上地幔温度场的1300℃绝热等温温度深度与地震学低速带顶部的深度大体吻合.用计算的上地幔80km深度温度和地表温度作为边界约束条件,利用稳态热传导模型计算得到了中国大陆80km深度以上(地壳和上地幔)部分的三维温度场.在大多数有丰富可靠地表热流测量的地区,这样计算的地表热流与实际观测地表热流的偏差在地表热流观测误差范围之内.中国大陆地壳的温度在25km深度呈现明显的东高西低分布.东部温度约在500~600℃度之间;西部温度小于500℃,塔里木克拉通的温度最低、达460℃.100km深度的上地幔温度也呈东高西低分布.东部和东南部温度普遍高于1300℃绝热等温温度;西部主体温度低于1300℃绝热等温温度.塔里木克拉通和四川盆地表现出了明显的低温.在150km深度,华南、扬子克拉通东部和整个华北克拉通高于1300℃绝热等温温度,羌塘附近地区的温度也达到了1300℃绝热等温温度.四川盆地附近表现出低温状态,但塔里木克拉通中心的温度比周围高.印度次大陆与中国大陆碰撞带附近的温度最低.200km深度的温度分布明显与印度次大陆俯冲相关.该俯冲带影响强烈地区呈现较冷状态,其温度低于1300℃的绝热等温温度.
引文
1Artemieva I M,Mooney W D.Thermal thickness and evolution of Precambrian lithosphere:a global study.J Geophys Res,2001,106(B8):16387—16414
2胡圣标,汪集旸,汪屹华.黑水-泉州地学断面东段深部温度与岩石层厚度.地球物理学报,1994,37(3):330—337
3Wang Y.Heat flow pattern and lateral variations of lithosphere strength in China mainland:constraints on active deformation.Phys Earth Planet Inter,2001,126:121—146
4汪洋,汪集旸,熊亮萍,等.中国大陆主要地质构造单元岩石圈地热特征.地球学报,2001,22(1):17—22
5黄少鹏,汪集旸,陈墨香.莫霍界面温度图.见:袁学诚,编.中国地球物理图集.北京:地质出版社,1996.105—107
6Powell W G,Chapman D S,Balling N,et al.Continental heat flow density.In:Haenel R,Rybach L,Stegens L,eds.Handbook of Terrestrial Heat-Flow Density Determination.Kluwer Academic Publishers,1988.167—222
7Mareschal J C,Jaupart C.Variations of surface heat flow and lithospheric thermal structure beneath the North American craton.Earth Planet Sci Lett,2004,223:65—77
8任纪舜,王作勋,陈炳蔚,等.从全球看中国大地构造——中国及邻区大地构造图简要说明.北京:地质出版社,1999.1—50
9Jaupart C,Mareschal J C.The thermal structure and thickness of continental roots.Lithos,1999,48:93—114
10An M,Shi Y.Lithospheric thickness of the Chinese continent.Phys Earth Planet Inter,2006,159:257—266
11Zhang Y S,Tanimoto T.High-resolution global upper mantle structure and plate tectonics.J Geophys Res,1993,98:9793—9823
12Sobolev S V,Zeyen H,Stoll G,et al.Upper mantle temperatures from teleseismic tomography of French Massif Central including effects of composition,mineral reactions,anharmonicity,anelas-ticity and partial melt.Earth Planet Sci Lett,1996,139(1-2):147—163
13Sobolev S V,Zeyen H,Granet M,et al.Upper mantle temperatures and lithosphere-asthenosphere system beneath the French MassifCentral constrained by seismic,gravity,petrologic and thermal observations.Tectonophysics,1997,275(1-3):143—164
14Goes S,Govers R,Vacher P.Shallow mantle temperatures under Europe from P and S wave tomography.J Geophys Res,2000,105(B5):11153—11169
15Goes S,van der Lee S.Thermal structure of the North American uppermost mantle inferred from seismic tomography.J Geophys Res,2002,107(B3):2050
16Cammarano F,Goes S,Vacher P,et al.Inferring upper-mantle temperatures from seismic velocities.Phys Earth Planet Inter,2003,138(3-4):197—222
17Rhm A H E,Snieder R,Goes S,et al.Thermal structure of conti-nental upper mantle inferred from S-wave velocity and surface heat flow.Earth Planet Sci Lett,2000,181:395—407
18Nolet G,Zielhuis A.Low S velocities under the Tornquist-Teis-seyre zone:evidence for water injection into the transition zone by subduction.J Geophys Res,1994,99:15813—15820
19Shapiro N M,Ritzwoller M H.Thermodynamic constraints on seismic inversions.Geophys J Inter,2004,157:1175—1188
20Minster J B,Anderson D L.A model of dislocation-controlled rheology for the mantle.Philos Trans R Soc A-Math Phys Eng Sci,1981,299:319—356
21Jordan T H.Mineralogies,densities and seismic velocities of gar-net lherzolites and their geophysical implications.In:Boyd F R,Myer H O A,eds.The Mantle Sample:Inclusions in Kimberlites and Other Volcanics.Washington D C:AGU,1979.1—14
22McDonough W F,Rudnick R L.Mineralogy and composition of the upper mantle.In:Hemley R J,ed.Ultrahigh-pressure Mineral-ogy:Physics and Chemistry of the Earth’s Deep Interior.Wash-ington DC:Mineralogical Society of America,1998.139—164
23Huang Z,Su W,Peng Y,et al.Rayleigh wave tomography of China and adjacent regions.J Geophys Res,2003,108(B2):2073
24臧绍先,刘永刚,宁杰远.华北地区岩石圈热结构的研究.地球物理学报,2002,45(1):56—66
25Bassin C,Laske G,Masters G.The current limits of resolution for surface wave tomography in North America.EOS Trans AGU,2000,81:F897
26Pinet C,Jaupart C.The vertical distribution of radiogenic heat production in the Precambrian crust of Norway and Sweden:geo-thermal implications.Geophys Res Lett,1987,14:260—263
27Chapman D S,ed.Thermal Gradients in the Continental Crust.Geological Society Special Publication,1986.63—70
28迟清华,鄢明才.华北地台岩石放射性元素与现代大陆岩石圈热结构和温度分布.地球物理学报,1998,41(1):38—48
29刘绍文,王良书,李成,等.塔里木北缘岩石圈热-流变结构及其地球动力学意义.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2003,33(9):852—863
30Thompson A B.Water in the Earth's upper mantle.Nature,1992,358:295—302
31嘉世旭,张先康.华北不同构造块体地壳结构及其对比研究.地球物理学报,2005,48(3):611—620
32Wang J Y.Geothermics in China.Beijing:Seismological Press,1996.1—300
33陈墨香,编.华北地热.北京:科学出版社,1988.218
34杨淑贞,陆秀文.华北地壳上部岩石热传导结构探讨.岩石学报,1985,1(2):64—73
35Rodgers A J,Schwartz S Y.Lithospheric structure of the Qiang-tang Terrane,northern Tibetan Plateau,from complete regional waveform modeling:evidence for partial melt.J Geophys Res,1998,103(B4):7137—7152
36苏伟,彭艳菊,郑月军,等.青藏高原及其邻区地壳上地幔S波速度结构.地球学报,2002,23(3):193—200
37Ni J,Barazangi M.Velocities and propagation characteristics of Pn,Pg,Sn,and Lg seismic waves beneath the Indian Shield,Himala-yan Arc,Tibetan Plateau,and surrounding regions:high uppermost mantle velocities and efficient Sn propagation beneath Tibet.Geophys J R Astr Soc,1983,72:665—689
38McNamara D E,Walter W R,Owens T J,et al.Upper mantle velocity structure beneath the Tibetan Plateau from Pn travel time tomography.J Geophys Res,1997,102(B1):493—506
39李涛,王宗秀.塔里木盆地及邻区岩石圈拆离解耦与盆山格局关系的天然地震分析.地学前缘,2005,12(3):125—136
40王良书,李成,杨春.塔里木盆地岩石层热结构特征.地球物理学报,1996,39(6):795—803
41滕吉文.20世纪地球物理学的重要成就和21世纪的发展前沿.地学前缘,2003,10(1):117—140
42Hu S,He L,Wang J.Heat flow in the continental area of China:a new data set.Earth Planet Sci Lett,2000,179(2):407—419
43胡圣标,何丽娟,汪集旸.中国大陆地区大地热流数据汇编(第三版).地球物理学报,2001,44(5):611—626
44汪集旸,黄少鹏.中国大陆地区热流数据汇编(第二版).地震地质,1990,12(4):351—366
2胡圣标,汪集旸,汪屹华.黑水-泉州地学断面东段深部温度与岩石层厚度.地球物理学报,1994,37(3):330—337
3Wang Y.Heat flow pattern and lateral variations of lithosphere strength in China mainland:constraints on active deformation.Phys Earth Planet Inter,2001,126:121—146
4汪洋,汪集旸,熊亮萍,等.中国大陆主要地质构造单元岩石圈地热特征.地球学报,2001,22(1):17—22
5黄少鹏,汪集旸,陈墨香.莫霍界面温度图.见:袁学诚,编.中国地球物理图集.北京:地质出版社,1996.105—107
6Powell W G,Chapman D S,Balling N,et al.Continental heat flow density.In:Haenel R,Rybach L,Stegens L,eds.Handbook of Terrestrial Heat-Flow Density Determination.Kluwer Academic Publishers,1988.167—222
7Mareschal J C,Jaupart C.Variations of surface heat flow and lithospheric thermal structure beneath the North American craton.Earth Planet Sci Lett,2004,223:65—77
8任纪舜,王作勋,陈炳蔚,等.从全球看中国大地构造——中国及邻区大地构造图简要说明.北京:地质出版社,1999.1—50
9Jaupart C,Mareschal J C.The thermal structure and thickness of continental roots.Lithos,1999,48:93—114
10An M,Shi Y.Lithospheric thickness of the Chinese continent.Phys Earth Planet Inter,2006,159:257—266
11Zhang Y S,Tanimoto T.High-resolution global upper mantle structure and plate tectonics.J Geophys Res,1993,98:9793—9823
12Sobolev S V,Zeyen H,Stoll G,et al.Upper mantle temperatures from teleseismic tomography of French Massif Central including effects of composition,mineral reactions,anharmonicity,anelas-ticity and partial melt.Earth Planet Sci Lett,1996,139(1-2):147—163
13Sobolev S V,Zeyen H,Granet M,et al.Upper mantle temperatures and lithosphere-asthenosphere system beneath the French MassifCentral constrained by seismic,gravity,petrologic and thermal observations.Tectonophysics,1997,275(1-3):143—164
14Goes S,Govers R,Vacher P.Shallow mantle temperatures under Europe from P and S wave tomography.J Geophys Res,2000,105(B5):11153—11169
15Goes S,van der Lee S.Thermal structure of the North American uppermost mantle inferred from seismic tomography.J Geophys Res,2002,107(B3):2050
16Cammarano F,Goes S,Vacher P,et al.Inferring upper-mantle temperatures from seismic velocities.Phys Earth Planet Inter,2003,138(3-4):197—222
17Rhm A H E,Snieder R,Goes S,et al.Thermal structure of conti-nental upper mantle inferred from S-wave velocity and surface heat flow.Earth Planet Sci Lett,2000,181:395—407
18Nolet G,Zielhuis A.Low S velocities under the Tornquist-Teis-seyre zone:evidence for water injection into the transition zone by subduction.J Geophys Res,1994,99:15813—15820
19Shapiro N M,Ritzwoller M H.Thermodynamic constraints on seismic inversions.Geophys J Inter,2004,157:1175—1188
20Minster J B,Anderson D L.A model of dislocation-controlled rheology for the mantle.Philos Trans R Soc A-Math Phys Eng Sci,1981,299:319—356
21Jordan T H.Mineralogies,densities and seismic velocities of gar-net lherzolites and their geophysical implications.In:Boyd F R,Myer H O A,eds.The Mantle Sample:Inclusions in Kimberlites and Other Volcanics.Washington D C:AGU,1979.1—14
22McDonough W F,Rudnick R L.Mineralogy and composition of the upper mantle.In:Hemley R J,ed.Ultrahigh-pressure Mineral-ogy:Physics and Chemistry of the Earth’s Deep Interior.Wash-ington DC:Mineralogical Society of America,1998.139—164
23Huang Z,Su W,Peng Y,et al.Rayleigh wave tomography of China and adjacent regions.J Geophys Res,2003,108(B2):2073
24臧绍先,刘永刚,宁杰远.华北地区岩石圈热结构的研究.地球物理学报,2002,45(1):56—66
25Bassin C,Laske G,Masters G.The current limits of resolution for surface wave tomography in North America.EOS Trans AGU,2000,81:F897
26Pinet C,Jaupart C.The vertical distribution of radiogenic heat production in the Precambrian crust of Norway and Sweden:geo-thermal implications.Geophys Res Lett,1987,14:260—263
27Chapman D S,ed.Thermal Gradients in the Continental Crust.Geological Society Special Publication,1986.63—70
28迟清华,鄢明才.华北地台岩石放射性元素与现代大陆岩石圈热结构和温度分布.地球物理学报,1998,41(1):38—48
29刘绍文,王良书,李成,等.塔里木北缘岩石圈热-流变结构及其地球动力学意义.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2003,33(9):852—863
30Thompson A B.Water in the Earth's upper mantle.Nature,1992,358:295—302
31嘉世旭,张先康.华北不同构造块体地壳结构及其对比研究.地球物理学报,2005,48(3):611—620
32Wang J Y.Geothermics in China.Beijing:Seismological Press,1996.1—300
33陈墨香,编.华北地热.北京:科学出版社,1988.218
34杨淑贞,陆秀文.华北地壳上部岩石热传导结构探讨.岩石学报,1985,1(2):64—73
35Rodgers A J,Schwartz S Y.Lithospheric structure of the Qiang-tang Terrane,northern Tibetan Plateau,from complete regional waveform modeling:evidence for partial melt.J Geophys Res,1998,103(B4):7137—7152
36苏伟,彭艳菊,郑月军,等.青藏高原及其邻区地壳上地幔S波速度结构.地球学报,2002,23(3):193—200
37Ni J,Barazangi M.Velocities and propagation characteristics of Pn,Pg,Sn,and Lg seismic waves beneath the Indian Shield,Himala-yan Arc,Tibetan Plateau,and surrounding regions:high uppermost mantle velocities and efficient Sn propagation beneath Tibet.Geophys J R Astr Soc,1983,72:665—689
38McNamara D E,Walter W R,Owens T J,et al.Upper mantle velocity structure beneath the Tibetan Plateau from Pn travel time tomography.J Geophys Res,1997,102(B1):493—506
39李涛,王宗秀.塔里木盆地及邻区岩石圈拆离解耦与盆山格局关系的天然地震分析.地学前缘,2005,12(3):125—136
40王良书,李成,杨春.塔里木盆地岩石层热结构特征.地球物理学报,1996,39(6):795—803
41滕吉文.20世纪地球物理学的重要成就和21世纪的发展前沿.地学前缘,2003,10(1):117—140
42Hu S,He L,Wang J.Heat flow in the continental area of China:a new data set.Earth Planet Sci Lett,2000,179(2):407—419
43胡圣标,何丽娟,汪集旸.中国大陆地区大地热流数据汇编(第三版).地球物理学报,2001,44(5):611—626
44汪集旸,黄少鹏.中国大陆地区热流数据汇编(第二版).地震地质,1990,12(4):351—366
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心