相对振幅保持的转换波叠前时间偏移方法研究
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摘要
振幅保持的转换波叠前偏移不但能使构造准确成像,而且还可为AVO分析提供更多可靠信息。本文以纵波的单程波方程为基础,给出了转换波的单程波方程。根据反褶积成像条件,利用Kirchhoff-Helmholtz积分推导出转换波的共炮保幅叠前时间偏移公式。由于最后反演积分的结果是体现反射系数的信息,所以又导出了转换波乘积型成像条件的共角度道集的偏移公式,这样使偏移后道集的振幅峰值成为入射角的函数,同时也大大提高了计算的稳定性。理论模型试算证明,无论是水平层还是倾斜层,应用振幅保持的转换波叠前时间偏移都能使偏移后的振幅峰值比较真实地反映原始反射系数的大小。
The amplitude-preserved converted wave prestack migration can not only make the structure accurately imaging,but also provide more reliable data for AVO analysis.Based on P-wave one-way wave-equation,the paper gave P-SV converted wave one-way wave-equation.On the basis of imaging condition of deconvolution,the converted wave amplitude-preserved prestack time migration formula on common-shot gather was deduced by using Kirchhoff-Helmholtz integration.Since the result of final inverted integration showed the information of reflection coefficient,the converted wave migration formula with product-type's imaging condition on common angle gather was also deduced,which makes the amplitude peak values on postmigration gather become the function of incident angles,and also greatly increases the computational stability at the same time.The test of theoretical model showed that using amplitude-preserved converted wave prestack migration can make the postmigration amplitude peaks truly reflect the size of original reflection coefficients.
The amplitude-preserved converted wave prestack migration can not only make the structure accurately imaging,but also provide more reliable data for AVO analysis.Based on P-wave one-way wave-equation,the paper gave P-SV converted wave one-way wave-equation.On the basis of imaging condition of deconvolution,the converted wave amplitude-preserved prestack time migration formula on common-shot gather was deduced by using Kirchhoff-Helmholtz integration.Since the result of final inverted integration showed the information of reflection coefficient,the converted wave migration formula with product-type's imaging condition on common angle gather was also deduced,which makes the amplitude peak values on postmigration gather become the function of incident angles,and also greatly increases the computational stability at the same time.The test of theoretical model showed that using amplitude-preserved converted wave prestack migration can make the postmigration amplitude peaks truly reflect the size of original reflection coefficients.
引文
[1]杨勤勇,徐丽萍.地震勘探技术新进展.勘探地球物理进展,2002,25(1):5～10
[2]王棣,王华忠,马在田等.叠前时间偏移方法综述.勘探地球物理进展,2004,27(5):313～316
[3]Bleistein N.Ontheimaging of reflectors inthe earth.Geophysics,1987,52(7):931～942
[4]Schleicher J,Tygel Mand Hubral P.3-Dtrue-ampli-tude finite-offset migration.Geophysics,1993,58(8):1112～1126
[5]Schleicher J,Hubral P,Tygel Met al.Minimumap-ertures and Fresnel zones in migration and demigra-tion.Geophysics,1997,62(1):183～194
[6]孙建国.Kirchhoff型真振幅偏移与反偏移.勘探地球物理进展,2002,25(6):1～5
[7]孙建国.论三维等时线叠加反偏移中的有关问题.吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2002,32(3):274～278
[8]Sun J G.Limited-aperture migration.Geophysics,1997,65(2):584～595
[9]Sun J G.On the limited aperture migrationin two di-mensions.Geophysics,1998,63(3):984～994
[10]Zhang Y,Zhang G Qand Bleistein N.Theory of true-amplitude one-way wave equations and true-amplitude common-shot migration.Geophysics,2005,70(4):1～10
[11]张宇.振幅保真的单程波方程偏移理论.地球物理学报,2006,49(5):1410～1430
[12]Zhang Y,Karazincir M,Notfors J S et al.Amplitude preserving v(z)pre-stack Kirchhoff migration,demi-gration and modeling.Expanded Abstracts of EAGE64th Annual Conference,2002,27～30
[13]Zhang Y,Gray S and Young J.Exact and approxi-mate weights for Kirchhoff migration.Expanded Ab-stracts of SEG70th Annual Meeting,2000,1036～1039
[14]Geiger H D.Amplitude-preserving weights for Kirch-hoff prestack time migration.Expanded Abstracts of SEG72nd Annual Meeting,2002,220～1223
[15]Geiger H D.Relative-amplitude-preserving weights for Kirchhoff prestack time migration bythe equiv-alent offset method.University of Calgary,2001,216～297
[16]Wang S W,Bancroft J C and Lawton D C.Conver-ted-wave(P-SV)prestack migration and migration ve-locity analysis.Expanded Abstracts of SEG67th Annual Meeting,1997,1575～1578
[17]Li X Y and Bancroft J C.Converted wave migration and common conversion point binning by equivalent offset.Expanded Abstracts of SEG67th Annual Meeting,1997,1587～1590
[18]Bancroft J C,Geiger H Dand Margrave G F.The e-quivalent offset method of prestack time migration.Geophysics,1998,63(6):2042～2053
[19]Wang W,Pham L D.Converted-wave prestack ima-ging and velocity analysis by pseudo-offset migration.Expanded Abstracts of EAGE63rd Conference,2001,1～12
[20]张荣忠,李霞.转换波速度估算和深度成像新方法——拟偏移距偏移法.勘探地球物理进展,2002,25(4):27～30
[21]Fowler P J.Acomparative overviewof prestack time migration methods.Expanded Abstracts of SEG67th Annual Meeting,1997,1571～1574
[22]罗省贤,贺振华.转换P-SV波叠前偏移.石油地球物理勘探,1991,26(4):465～472
[23]李录明,罗省贤.P-P波及P-SV波叠前深度偏移速度模型建立方法.地球物理学报,1998,41(增刊):306～307
[24]Li X Y,Yuan J.Converted-wave imagingininhomo-geneous,anisotropic media:PartⅠ—parameter esti-mation.Expanded Abstracts of EAGE63rd Confer-ence,2001,109～113
[25]Li X Y,Yuan J.Converted-wave imagingininhomo-geneous,anisotropic media:PartⅡ—prestack mi-gration.Expanded Abstracts of63rd EAGE Confer-ence,2001,114～117
[26]Wang W Z,Long L D and Min L.Converted-wave prestack time migration for isotropic and anisotropic media.Expanded Abstracts of72nd SEG Annual Meeting,2002,990～993
[27]Thomsen L.Converted-wave reflection seismology o-ver inhomogeneous,anisotropic media.Geophysics,1999,64(3):678～690
[2]王棣,王华忠,马在田等.叠前时间偏移方法综述.勘探地球物理进展,2004,27(5):313～316
[3]Bleistein N.Ontheimaging of reflectors inthe earth.Geophysics,1987,52(7):931～942
[4]Schleicher J,Tygel Mand Hubral P.3-Dtrue-ampli-tude finite-offset migration.Geophysics,1993,58(8):1112～1126
[5]Schleicher J,Hubral P,Tygel Met al.Minimumap-ertures and Fresnel zones in migration and demigra-tion.Geophysics,1997,62(1):183～194
[6]孙建国.Kirchhoff型真振幅偏移与反偏移.勘探地球物理进展,2002,25(6):1～5
[7]孙建国.论三维等时线叠加反偏移中的有关问题.吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2002,32(3):274～278
[8]Sun J G.Limited-aperture migration.Geophysics,1997,65(2):584～595
[9]Sun J G.On the limited aperture migrationin two di-mensions.Geophysics,1998,63(3):984～994
[10]Zhang Y,Zhang G Qand Bleistein N.Theory of true-amplitude one-way wave equations and true-amplitude common-shot migration.Geophysics,2005,70(4):1～10
[11]张宇.振幅保真的单程波方程偏移理论.地球物理学报,2006,49(5):1410～1430
[12]Zhang Y,Karazincir M,Notfors J S et al.Amplitude preserving v(z)pre-stack Kirchhoff migration,demi-gration and modeling.Expanded Abstracts of EAGE64th Annual Conference,2002,27～30
[13]Zhang Y,Gray S and Young J.Exact and approxi-mate weights for Kirchhoff migration.Expanded Ab-stracts of SEG70th Annual Meeting,2000,1036～1039
[14]Geiger H D.Amplitude-preserving weights for Kirch-hoff prestack time migration.Expanded Abstracts of SEG72nd Annual Meeting,2002,220～1223
[15]Geiger H D.Relative-amplitude-preserving weights for Kirchhoff prestack time migration bythe equiv-alent offset method.University of Calgary,2001,216～297
[16]Wang S W,Bancroft J C and Lawton D C.Conver-ted-wave(P-SV)prestack migration and migration ve-locity analysis.Expanded Abstracts of SEG67th Annual Meeting,1997,1575～1578
[17]Li X Y and Bancroft J C.Converted wave migration and common conversion point binning by equivalent offset.Expanded Abstracts of SEG67th Annual Meeting,1997,1587～1590
[18]Bancroft J C,Geiger H Dand Margrave G F.The e-quivalent offset method of prestack time migration.Geophysics,1998,63(6):2042～2053
[19]Wang W,Pham L D.Converted-wave prestack ima-ging and velocity analysis by pseudo-offset migration.Expanded Abstracts of EAGE63rd Conference,2001,1～12
[20]张荣忠,李霞.转换波速度估算和深度成像新方法——拟偏移距偏移法.勘探地球物理进展,2002,25(4):27～30
[21]Fowler P J.Acomparative overviewof prestack time migration methods.Expanded Abstracts of SEG67th Annual Meeting,1997,1571～1574
[22]罗省贤,贺振华.转换P-SV波叠前偏移.石油地球物理勘探,1991,26(4):465～472
[23]李录明,罗省贤.P-P波及P-SV波叠前深度偏移速度模型建立方法.地球物理学报,1998,41(增刊):306～307
[24]Li X Y,Yuan J.Converted-wave imagingininhomo-geneous,anisotropic media:PartⅠ—parameter esti-mation.Expanded Abstracts of EAGE63rd Confer-ence,2001,109～113
[25]Li X Y,Yuan J.Converted-wave imagingininhomo-geneous,anisotropic media:PartⅡ—prestack mi-gration.Expanded Abstracts of63rd EAGE Confer-ence,2001,114～117
[26]Wang W Z,Long L D and Min L.Converted-wave prestack time migration for isotropic and anisotropic media.Expanded Abstracts of72nd SEG Annual Meeting,2002,990～993
[27]Thomsen L.Converted-wave reflection seismology o-ver inhomogeneous,anisotropic media.Geophysics,1999,64(3):678～690
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