深水钻井中浅水流灾害问题及其地球物理识别技术
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摘要
在深水钻井中,浅水流是一种常见的地质灾害。中国正在进行深水油气勘探,十分有必要开展这方面的地质灾害研究。介绍了浅水流的形成机制及地球物理特性。目前用于识别和预测浅水流的手段有测井和反射地震两大类方法。主要介绍了几种用于参数提取的地震反演方法,如传统Dix反演、叠后振幅反演、层析反演、叠前振幅反演等。
Shallow water flow (SWF) is a type of common geohazards in deepwater drilling. China is exploring the deepwater hydrocarbon, and it is essential to study the SWF geohazards. The formation mechanism and geophysical characteristics of SWF sands are firstly introduced. At present, the techniques for detecting and predicting include logging and reflection seismic exploration. Several seismic inversion methods for parameters picking are mainly introduced, such as, conventional Dix inversion, poststack amplitude inversion, tomographic inversion, and prestack amplitude inversion.
Shallow water flow (SWF) is a type of common geohazards in deepwater drilling. China is exploring the deepwater hydrocarbon, and it is essential to study the SWF geohazards. The formation mechanism and geophysical characteristics of SWF sands are firstly introduced. At present, the techniques for detecting and predicting include logging and reflection seismic exploration. Several seismic inversion methods for parameters picking are mainly introduced, such as, conventional Dix inversion, poststack amplitude inversion, tomographic inversion, and prestack amplitude inversion.
引文
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[2]Rufino B B,Lawrence M G.Growth opportunities in the Philippine natural gas industry[J].The Leading Edge,2002,21(9):898-900.
[3]Katz B J.Hydrocarbon shows and source rocks in scientific ocean drilling[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2003,54:139-154.
[4]杨川恒,杜栩,潘和顺等.国内外深水领域油气勘探新进展及中国南海北部陆坡深水区油气勘探潜力[J].地学前缘,2000,7(3):247-256.
[5]Ostermeier R M,Pelletier J H,Winker C D,et al.Dealing with shallow-water flow in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico[J].The Leading Edge,2002,21(7):660-668.
[6]Joe F,George H.Deep Star's Evaluation of Shallow Water Flow Problems in the Gulf of Mexico[Z].Proceedings of Offshore Technology Conference,Houston,Texas,1997.OTC8525.
[7]Mallick S,Dutta N C.Shallow water flow prediction using prestack waveform inversion of conventional3D seismic data and rock modeling[J].TheLeading Edge,2002,21(7):675-680.
[8]John W,Steve P.Seismic data helps reservoir management[J].Hart’s E&P,2004,Jan.:54-56
[9]The Society of Core Analysts Forum:Shallow Water Flows[Z].via the Internet Accessed:
[10]张抗.向广阔的世界海洋石油市场进军[J].海洋石油,2005,25(1):32-37.
[11]吴时国,赵汗青,伍向阳等.深水钻井安全的地质风险评价技术研究[C].中国深水油气开发工程高技术论坛文集,2005,218-223.
[12]Lu Shaoming.Seismic characteristic of two deep-water drilling hazards:shallow-water flow sands and gas hydrate[Dissertation D].University of Texas at Dallas,2003.
[13]Dutta N C.Deepwater geohazard prediction usingprestack inversion of large offset P-wave data and rock model[J].The Leading Edge,2002,21(2):193-198.
[14]Dutta N C.Geopressure[Z].SEG Geophysics reprint series,vol.7,1987a,chapter2,SEG,Tulsa,Oklahoma.
[15]Fertl W H,Chilingarian G V.Importance of abnormal formation pressures[J].Journal of Petroleum Technology,1977,29:347-354
[16]Barker C.Aquathermal pressuring—Role of temperature in development of abnormal pressure zones[J].AAPG Bull.,1972,56,2068-2071.
[17]Huffman A R,Castagna J P.The petrophysical basis for shallow-water flow prediction using multicomponent seismic data[J].The Leading Edge,2001,20(9):1030-1052.
[18]Prasad M.Acoustic measurements in unconsolidated sands at low effective pressure and overpressure detection[J].Geophysics,2002,67(2):405-412.
[19]Hamilton E L.Elastic properties of marine sediments[J].J.Geophys.Res.,1971,76(2):579-604.
[20]Myung W L.Elastic Properties of Overpressured and Unconsolidated Sediments[Z].U.S.Geological Survey Bulletin,2003.via the Internet Accessed.
[21]Mukerji T,Prasad M,Dvorkin J.2002,Seismic detection and estimation of overpressures Part I:The rock physics basis[Z].CSEG..via the Internet Accessed
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[23]Forbes P L,Ungerer P,Mudford B S.A two dimensional model of overpressure development and gas accumulation in Venture field,Eastern Canada[J].AAPG Bull.,1992,76:318-338.
[24]McConnell D R.Optimizing deepwater well locations to reduce the risk of shallow-water-flow using high resolution2D and3D seismic data[Z].Proceedings of Offshore Technology Conference,Houston,Texas,2000OTC11973.
[25]Ostermeier R M,Pelletier J H,Winker C D,et al.Dealing with shallow-water flow in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico[J].The Leading Edge,2002,21(7):660-668.
[26]Dutta N C.Geopressure prediction using seismic data:current status and the road ahead[J].Geophysics,2002b,67(6):2012-2041.
[27]Dix C H.Seismic velocities from surface measurements[J].Geophysics,1955,20(1):68-86.
[28]Eaton B A.Graphical method predicts geopressures worldwide[J].World Oil,1972,182:51-56.
[29]Dutta N C.Image of geopressured rocks using velocity and acoustic inversion of seismic data[Z].The67th Ann.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophs.,Extended Abstracts,1997,1929-1930.
[30]Aki K,Lee W H K.Determination of three-dimensional velocity anomalies under a seismic array using first P arrival times from local earthquakes1.A homogeneous initial model[J].J.Geophys.Res.,1976,81:4381-4399.
[31]Gjoystdal H,Ursin B.Inversion of reflection times in three dimensions[J].Geophysics,1981,46(7):972-983.
[32]McMechan G.Seismic tomography in boreholes[J].Geophys.J.Roy.Astr.Soc.,1983,74:601-612.
[33]Bishop T N,Bube K P,Cutlers R T,et al.Tomographic determination of velocity and depth in laterally varying media[J].Geophysics,1985,50(6):903-923.
[34]Chiu S K L,Stewart R R.Tomographic determination of three-dimensional seismic velocity structure using well logs,vertical seismic profiles,and surface seismic data[J].Geophysics,1987,52(8):1085-1098.
[35]Mallick S.Model-based inversion of amplitude-variation with offset data using a genetic algorithm[J].Geophysics,1995,60(4):939-954.
[36]Mallick S.Some practical aspects of prestack waveform inversion using a genetic algorithm:An example from the east Texas Woodbine gas sand[J].Geophysics,1999,64(2):326-336.
[37]Wu S,Wong H K,Lüdmann T.Gravity-driven sedimentation on the northwest continental slope in South China Sea:results from high-resolution seismic data and piston cores[J].Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,1999,17(2):155-169
[38]杨木壮,吴能友,吴时国等.南海北部特殊地质环境与BSR分布[C].中国边缘海盆地演化与资源效应,北京:海洋出版社,2004,176-181.
[39]Flemings P,Huffman A,Thomson J A,et al.Overpressure and Fluid Flow Processes in the Deepwater Gulf of Mexico:Slope Stability,Seeps and Shallow Water Flow[Z].2002.via the Internet Accessed.
[2]Rufino B B,Lawrence M G.Growth opportunities in the Philippine natural gas industry[J].The Leading Edge,2002,21(9):898-900.
[3]Katz B J.Hydrocarbon shows and source rocks in scientific ocean drilling[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2003,54:139-154.
[4]杨川恒,杜栩,潘和顺等.国内外深水领域油气勘探新进展及中国南海北部陆坡深水区油气勘探潜力[J].地学前缘,2000,7(3):247-256.
[5]Ostermeier R M,Pelletier J H,Winker C D,et al.Dealing with shallow-water flow in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico[J].The Leading Edge,2002,21(7):660-668.
[6]Joe F,George H.Deep Star's Evaluation of Shallow Water Flow Problems in the Gulf of Mexico[Z].Proceedings of Offshore Technology Conference,Houston,Texas,1997.OTC8525.
[7]Mallick S,Dutta N C.Shallow water flow prediction using prestack waveform inversion of conventional3D seismic data and rock modeling[J].TheLeading Edge,2002,21(7):675-680.
[8]John W,Steve P.Seismic data helps reservoir management[J].Hart’s E&P,2004,Jan.:54-56
[9]The Society of Core Analysts Forum:Shallow Water Flows[Z].via the Internet Accessed:
[10]张抗.向广阔的世界海洋石油市场进军[J].海洋石油,2005,25(1):32-37.
[11]吴时国,赵汗青,伍向阳等.深水钻井安全的地质风险评价技术研究[C].中国深水油气开发工程高技术论坛文集,2005,218-223.
[12]Lu Shaoming.Seismic characteristic of two deep-water drilling hazards:shallow-water flow sands and gas hydrate[Dissertation D].University of Texas at Dallas,2003.
[13]Dutta N C.Deepwater geohazard prediction usingprestack inversion of large offset P-wave data and rock model[J].The Leading Edge,2002,21(2):193-198.
[14]Dutta N C.Geopressure[Z].SEG Geophysics reprint series,vol.7,1987a,chapter2,SEG,Tulsa,Oklahoma.
[15]Fertl W H,Chilingarian G V.Importance of abnormal formation pressures[J].Journal of Petroleum Technology,1977,29:347-354
[16]Barker C.Aquathermal pressuring—Role of temperature in development of abnormal pressure zones[J].AAPG Bull.,1972,56,2068-2071.
[17]Huffman A R,Castagna J P.The petrophysical basis for shallow-water flow prediction using multicomponent seismic data[J].The Leading Edge,2001,20(9):1030-1052.
[18]Prasad M.Acoustic measurements in unconsolidated sands at low effective pressure and overpressure detection[J].Geophysics,2002,67(2):405-412.
[19]Hamilton E L.Elastic properties of marine sediments[J].J.Geophys.Res.,1971,76(2):579-604.
[20]Myung W L.Elastic Properties of Overpressured and Unconsolidated Sediments[Z].U.S.Geological Survey Bulletin,2003.via the Internet Accessed.
[21]Mukerji T,Prasad M,Dvorkin J.2002,Seismic detection and estimation of overpressures Part I:The rock physics basis[Z].CSEG..via the Internet Accessed
[22]John R B,Nlall J M,Eamonn F D.Overcoming pore-pressure challenges in deepwater exploration-Multidisciplinary approach proves critical[J].Offshore,2003,June.
[23]Forbes P L,Ungerer P,Mudford B S.A two dimensional model of overpressure development and gas accumulation in Venture field,Eastern Canada[J].AAPG Bull.,1992,76:318-338.
[24]McConnell D R.Optimizing deepwater well locations to reduce the risk of shallow-water-flow using high resolution2D and3D seismic data[Z].Proceedings of Offshore Technology Conference,Houston,Texas,2000OTC11973.
[25]Ostermeier R M,Pelletier J H,Winker C D,et al.Dealing with shallow-water flow in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico[J].The Leading Edge,2002,21(7):660-668.
[26]Dutta N C.Geopressure prediction using seismic data:current status and the road ahead[J].Geophysics,2002b,67(6):2012-2041.
[27]Dix C H.Seismic velocities from surface measurements[J].Geophysics,1955,20(1):68-86.
[28]Eaton B A.Graphical method predicts geopressures worldwide[J].World Oil,1972,182:51-56.
[29]Dutta N C.Image of geopressured rocks using velocity and acoustic inversion of seismic data[Z].The67th Ann.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophs.,Extended Abstracts,1997,1929-1930.
[30]Aki K,Lee W H K.Determination of three-dimensional velocity anomalies under a seismic array using first P arrival times from local earthquakes1.A homogeneous initial model[J].J.Geophys.Res.,1976,81:4381-4399.
[31]Gjoystdal H,Ursin B.Inversion of reflection times in three dimensions[J].Geophysics,1981,46(7):972-983.
[32]McMechan G.Seismic tomography in boreholes[J].Geophys.J.Roy.Astr.Soc.,1983,74:601-612.
[33]Bishop T N,Bube K P,Cutlers R T,et al.Tomographic determination of velocity and depth in laterally varying media[J].Geophysics,1985,50(6):903-923.
[34]Chiu S K L,Stewart R R.Tomographic determination of three-dimensional seismic velocity structure using well logs,vertical seismic profiles,and surface seismic data[J].Geophysics,1987,52(8):1085-1098.
[35]Mallick S.Model-based inversion of amplitude-variation with offset data using a genetic algorithm[J].Geophysics,1995,60(4):939-954.
[36]Mallick S.Some practical aspects of prestack waveform inversion using a genetic algorithm:An example from the east Texas Woodbine gas sand[J].Geophysics,1999,64(2):326-336.
[37]Wu S,Wong H K,Lüdmann T.Gravity-driven sedimentation on the northwest continental slope in South China Sea:results from high-resolution seismic data and piston cores[J].Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,1999,17(2):155-169
[38]杨木壮,吴能友,吴时国等.南海北部特殊地质环境与BSR分布[C].中国边缘海盆地演化与资源效应,北京:海洋出版社,2004,176-181.
[39]Flemings P,Huffman A,Thomson J A,et al.Overpressure and Fluid Flow Processes in the Deepwater Gulf of Mexico:Slope Stability,Seeps and Shallow Water Flow[Z].2002.via the Internet Accessed.
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