基于S-变换的面波压制技术
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摘要
对得到信噪比和分辨率较高的地震记录,做好地震资料的地质构造解释十分必要,而压制面波是提高信噪比和分辨率的一项重要技术,本文提出用S-变换来压制面波的方法,该方法是将时间域地震信号变换到时频域,在时频域去除面波,再变换回时间域,其结果是滤掉面波的地震信号。针对这种技术,给出实施流程,并将其应用于含有面波的理论模型和实际资料中。理论模型和实际应用效果表明,该方法能有效地压制面波,并保持了地震记录的其他特征,其结果不会出现空间假频的现象;同时,还具有适应性强、效果好等特点。
Seismic sections with high signal-to-noise ratio and resolution must be obtained to put geologic structure interpretation. Surface wave suppression is an important technique to improve signal-to-noise ratio and resolution. The paper shows a surface wave suppression method using S-Transform which transforms seismic signal from time domain to time-frequency domain. After eliminated surface wave in time-frequency domain,it is back to time domain to attain seismic signal and cut down surface wave. Flow chart of surface wave suppression is given and according to the technique,the authors put it into model and actual data. The results show that the method suppresses surface wave and preserves other characters of seismic data effectively,without the phenomena of spatial aliasing,and the results have good adaptability and effect.
Seismic sections with high signal-to-noise ratio and resolution must be obtained to put geologic structure interpretation. Surface wave suppression is an important technique to improve signal-to-noise ratio and resolution. The paper shows a surface wave suppression method using S-Transform which transforms seismic signal from time domain to time-frequency domain. After eliminated surface wave in time-frequency domain,it is back to time domain to attain seismic signal and cut down surface wave. Flow chart of surface wave suppression is given and according to the technique,the authors put it into model and actual data. The results show that the method suppresses surface wave and preserves other characters of seismic data effectively,without the phenomena of spatial aliasing,and the results have good adaptability and effect.
引文
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[2]孙明,林君.τ-p变换去除金属矿地震资料中的线性干扰[J].物探与化探,2001,25(6):432-436.SUN Ming,LIN Jun.The application ofτ-p transform to noise elimination in base metal seismic data[J].Geo-physical&GeochemicalExploration,2001,25(6):432-436.
[3]TurnetG.Aliasing in the tau-p transform and the removal of spatially aliased coherent noise[J].Geophysics,1990,55(11):1496-1503.
[4]SpitzerR,NitscheF O,GreenA G.Reducing source-gen-erated noise in shallow seismic data using linear and hy-perbolic transformations[J].Geophysics,2001,66(5):1612-1621.
[5]罗国安,杜世通.小波变涣及信号重建在压制面波中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,1996,31(3):337-349.LUO Guo-an,DU Shi-tong.Application of wavelet trans-form and signal reconstruction in surface wave elimination[J].OilGeophysicalProspecting,1996,31(3):337-349.
[6]王振国,周熙襄,钟本善.小波包对叠前地震面波的分离与信号重建[J].石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(5):460-462,472.WANG Zhen-guo,ZHOU Xi-xiang,ZHONG Ben-shan.Separation of pre-stack seismic surface wave and signalreconstruction by wavelet package[J].OilGeophysicalProspecting,2002,37(5):460-462,472.
[7]李晶,王振国,陈裕明,等.小波包变换叠前地震资料去噪方法研究[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2003,30(5):541-546.LI Jing,WANG Zhen-guo,CHEN Yu-ming,etal.A re-search on the noise-elimination method of pre-stack seis-mic data by wavelet packet transform[J].JournalofChengduUniversityofTechnology:NatureScience,2003,30(5):541-546.
[8]StockwellR G,MansinhaL,LoweR P .Localization ofthe complex spectrum:theS transform[J].IEEETrans-actionsonSignalProcessing,1996,44(4):998-1001.
[9]邹文,陈爱萍,顾汉明.地震信号的时频分析方法[J].世界地质,2004,23(1):95-99.ZOU Wen,CHEN Ai-ping,GU Han-ming.Time-frequen-cy analysis method of seismic signal[J].GlobalGeology,2004,23(1):95-99.
[2]孙明,林君.τ-p变换去除金属矿地震资料中的线性干扰[J].物探与化探,2001,25(6):432-436.SUN Ming,LIN Jun.The application ofτ-p transform to noise elimination in base metal seismic data[J].Geo-physical&GeochemicalExploration,2001,25(6):432-436.
[3]TurnetG.Aliasing in the tau-p transform and the removal of spatially aliased coherent noise[J].Geophysics,1990,55(11):1496-1503.
[4]SpitzerR,NitscheF O,GreenA G.Reducing source-gen-erated noise in shallow seismic data using linear and hy-perbolic transformations[J].Geophysics,2001,66(5):1612-1621.
[5]罗国安,杜世通.小波变涣及信号重建在压制面波中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,1996,31(3):337-349.LUO Guo-an,DU Shi-tong.Application of wavelet trans-form and signal reconstruction in surface wave elimination[J].OilGeophysicalProspecting,1996,31(3):337-349.
[6]王振国,周熙襄,钟本善.小波包对叠前地震面波的分离与信号重建[J].石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(5):460-462,472.WANG Zhen-guo,ZHOU Xi-xiang,ZHONG Ben-shan.Separation of pre-stack seismic surface wave and signalreconstruction by wavelet package[J].OilGeophysicalProspecting,2002,37(5):460-462,472.
[7]李晶,王振国,陈裕明,等.小波包变换叠前地震资料去噪方法研究[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2003,30(5):541-546.LI Jing,WANG Zhen-guo,CHEN Yu-ming,etal.A re-search on the noise-elimination method of pre-stack seis-mic data by wavelet packet transform[J].JournalofChengduUniversityofTechnology:NatureScience,2003,30(5):541-546.
[8]StockwellR G,MansinhaL,LoweR P .Localization ofthe complex spectrum:theS transform[J].IEEETrans-actionsonSignalProcessing,1996,44(4):998-1001.
[9]邹文,陈爱萍,顾汉明.地震信号的时频分析方法[J].世界地质,2004,23(1):95-99.ZOU Wen,CHEN Ai-ping,GU Han-ming.Time-frequen-cy analysis method of seismic signal[J].GlobalGeology,2004,23(1):95-99.
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