鄂尔多斯盆地西部晚三叠世构造属性探讨
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摘要
有关鄂尔多斯盆地西部晚三叠世的构造属性问题,前人的观点大多认为该时期为(类)前陆盆地,笔者对此提出置疑,主要有3个方面的依据:首先,对西缘汝箕沟、石沟驿和崆峒山地区晚三叠世延长组的3套粗碎屑沉积进行了重新认识。汝箕沟延长组确实为边缘相沉积,但其附近层位板内玄武岩的出现,表明该区晚三叠世为拉张环境下的沉积。最新研究表明,石沟驿地区延长组沉积厚度并不大,不超过1500m。崆峒山砾岩沉积可能受西南部的秦祁造山带影响所致,不能作为盆地西部沉积的代表。其次,通过编制晚三叠世延长组地层等厚图及一系列东西向地层剖面对比,发现该时期以往认为的盆地西部从南至北的巨厚沉降带并不存在。最后,通过地震剖面、平衡剖面和裂变径迹测试数据分析,指出西部现今存在的横山堡后冲构造带和马家滩大型逆冲推覆构造带并未形成于晚三叠世,其最早形成于晚侏罗世。故鄂尔多斯盆地西部晚三叠世构造属性并非为前陆盆地,而是残延克拉通内叠合盆地的组成部分。该认识对盆地西部的油气勘探具有重要意义。
Most predecessors held the view that the western Ordos basin was tectonically a foreland basin during the Late Triassic. This paper questions the validity of this view mainly based on the following three lines of evidence. First, three sequences of coarse clastic sediments in the Late Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Rujigou, Shigouyi and Kongdongshan areas on the western margin of the basin were revisited. The Yanchang Formation in the Rujigou area is of marginal facies indeed, but the appearance of intraplate basalt in the horizon nearby suggests that the Yanchang Formation in the area was deposited in an extensional environment during the Late Triassic. Recent study indicates that the Yanchang Formation in the Shigouyi is not very thick, less than 1500 m in thickness. The conglomerate in Kongdongshan is not typical of the sediments in the western part of the basin because it was probably influenced by the Qinling-Qilian orogen to the southwest of the Ordos basin. Secondly, through the compilation of the isopach map of the Late Triassic Yanchang Formation and several E-W-trending stratigraphic correlation sections it is found that a N-S-trending, very thick subsidence belt, as thought previously to be present in the western part of the basin during this period, does not exist. Finally, through the analysis of the seismic profile, balanced cross section and fission track data, the authors think that the present Hengshanbu back-thrust belt and large-scale Majiatan thrust nappe belt did not form in the Late Triassic but in the Late Jurassic. Therefore, tectonically the western Ordos basin was not a foreland basin during the Late Triassic but a component part of a superposed basin in a residual and extended craton.
Most predecessors held the view that the western Ordos basin was tectonically a foreland basin during the Late Triassic. This paper questions the validity of this view mainly based on the following three lines of evidence. First, three sequences of coarse clastic sediments in the Late Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Rujigou, Shigouyi and Kongdongshan areas on the western margin of the basin were revisited. The Yanchang Formation in the Rujigou area is of marginal facies indeed, but the appearance of intraplate basalt in the horizon nearby suggests that the Yanchang Formation in the area was deposited in an extensional environment during the Late Triassic. Recent study indicates that the Yanchang Formation in the Shigouyi is not very thick, less than 1500 m in thickness. The conglomerate in Kongdongshan is not typical of the sediments in the western part of the basin because it was probably influenced by the Qinling-Qilian orogen to the southwest of the Ordos basin. Secondly, through the compilation of the isopach map of the Late Triassic Yanchang Formation and several E-W-trending stratigraphic correlation sections it is found that a N-S-trending, very thick subsidence belt, as thought previously to be present in the western part of the basin during this period, does not exist. Finally, through the analysis of the seismic profile, balanced cross section and fission track data, the authors think that the present Hengshanbu back-thrust belt and large-scale Majiatan thrust nappe belt did not form in the Late Triassic but in the Late Jurassic. Therefore, tectonically the western Ordos basin was not a foreland basin during the Late Triassic but a component part of a superposed basin in a residual and extended craton.
引文
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[1]孙肇才,谢秋元.叠合盆地的发生及其含油气性[J].石油实验地质,1980,(1):1-6.Sun Zhaocai,Xie Qiuyuan.Oil occurrence and potential in superimposed basins[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,1980,(1):1-6(in Chinese with English abstract).
[2]孙肇才.中国中西部中—新生代前陆类盆地及其含油气性[C]//中国石油学会石油地质专业委员会编.油气盆地研究新进展.北京:石油工业出版社,2002:73-95.Sun Zhaocai.Analogous foreland basins and their petroleum prospect in the middle-west of China in Meso-Cenozoic[C]//Petroleum Speciality Committee of China Petroleum Geology Academy(ed.).New Development in the Research in Oil and Gas Basins.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2002:73-95(in Chinese).
[3]孙家振.前陆盆地逆冲断层类型与形成机制——以鄂尔多斯地块西缘和塔里木西缘为例[J].石油与天然气地质,1991,12(4):406-415.Sun Jiazhen.Type of thrust and forming mechanism in western Ordos:example as the west margins of Ordos block and Tarim Block[J].Oil&Gas Geology,1991,12(4):406-415(in Chinese with English abstract).
[4]王玉新.鄂尔多斯西缘中生代前陆盆地的形成与演化[C]//张功成主编.中国含油气盆地构造.北京:石油工业出版社,1999.Wang Yuxin.Development and evolution of the foreland basin in west margin of Ordos basin[C]//Zhang Gongcheng(ed.).Structure of Chinese Petroleum Basin.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1999(in Chinese).
[5]陈刚.中生代鄂尔多斯盆地陆源碎屑成分及其构造属性[J].沉积学报,1999,17(3):409-413.Chen Gang.Terrigenous clastic composition and its tectonic feature in the Mesozoic of the Ordos basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1999,17(3):409-413(in Chinese with English abstract).
[6]汪泽成,刘和甫,熊宝贤,等.从前陆盆地充填地层分析盆山耦合关系[J].地球科学-中国地质大学学报,2001,26(1):33-39.Wang Zecheng,Liu Hefou,Xiong Baoxian,et al.Basin-mountain coupling analysis from filling stratigraphy of foreland basin[J].EarthScience-journal of China University of Geosciences,2001,26(1):33-39(in Chinese with English abstract).
[7]贾承造,魏国齐,李本亮,等.中国中西部两期前陆盆地的形成演化及其控气作用[J].石油学报,2003,24(2):13-17.Jia Chengzao,Wei Guoqi,Li Benliang,et al.Tectonic evolution of two-epoch foreland basins and its control for natural gas accumulation in China's mid-western areas[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2003,24(2):13-17(in Chinese with English abstract).
[8]贾承造,宋岩,魏国齐,等.中国中西部前陆盆地的地质特征及油气聚集[J].地学前缘,2005,12(3):3-13.Jia Chengzao,Song Yan,Wei Guoqi,et al.Geological features and petroleum accumulation in the foreland basins in central and western China[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2005,12(3):3-13(in Chinese with English abstract).
[9]付金华,郭正权,邓秀芹.鄂尔多斯盆地西南地区上三叠统延长组沉积相及石油地质意义[J].古地理学报,2005,7(1):34-44.Fu Jinhua,Guo Zhengquan,Deng Xiuqin.Sedimentary facies of the Yanchang Formation of Upper Triassic and petroleum geological implication in southwestern Ordos Basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2005,7(1):34-44(in Chinese with English abstract).
[10]魏红红,李文厚,邵磊,等.汝箕沟盆地上三叠统延长组沉积环境[J].西北大学学报,2001,31(2):171-174.Wei Honghong,Li Wenhou,Shao Lei,et al.Sedimentary environment of Yanchang formation of the Upper Triassic in Ruqigou basin[J].Journal of Northwest University(Natural Science Edition),2001,31(2):171-174(in Chinese with English abstract).
[11]宁夏地质矿产局.宁夏回族自治区区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社,1989:145-158.Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.Regional Geology of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1989:145-158(in Chinese).
[12]刘池洋,赵红格,王锋,等.鄂尔多斯盆地西缘(部)中生代构造属性[J].地质学报,2005,79(6):737-747.Liu Chiyang,Zhao Hongge,Wang Feng,et al.Attributes of the Mesozoic Structure on the west margin of the Ordos Basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2005,79(6):737-747(in Chinese with English abstract).
[13]刘池洋,赵红格,桂小军,等.鄂尔多斯盆地演化-改造的时空坐标及其成藏(矿)响应[J].地质学报,2006,85(5):617-637.Liu Chiyang,Zhao Hongge,Gui Xiaojun,et al.Space-time coordinates of the evolution and reformation and mineralization response in Ordos Basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2006,85(5):617-637(in Chinese with English abstract).
[14]王锋,刘池阳,杨兴科,等.贺兰山汝箕沟玄武岩地质地球化学特征及其构造环境意义[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2005,24(4):25-27.Wang Feng,Liu Chiyang,Yang Xingke,et al.Geologic geochemical fFeatures of basalt in Ruqi Clough of Helan Mountain and its structural environmental significance[J].Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2005,24(4):25-27(in Chinese with English abstract).
[15]刘少峰,杨士恭.鄂尔多斯盆地西缘南北差异及其形成机制[J].地质科学,1997,32(3):397-408.Liu Shaofeng,Yang Shigong.The differences between the southwestern and the northwestern Ordos basin and their forming mechanism[J].Scientia Geologica Sinica,1997,32(3):397-408(in Chinese with English abstract).
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