基于地震图像校准的共成像点道集增强技术
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摘要
由共成像点道集抽取的共偏移距道集可以当成相同地下成像的多次观测.由于偏移误差的影响,在不同共偏移距道集上,同一采样点存在水平和垂直方向上的错位.本文提出一种基于地震图像校准的共成像点道集增强技术,实现了不同偏移距道集在时间和空间上的逐点匹配对齐.在本文中以2D局部归一化互相关来表征共偏移距道集和叠加道集在相同时空位置的相似度,假设在不同水平和垂直移动量时的互相关满足连续凸函数,利用求导方法估计共偏移距道集在该位置处的非整数校正量,最后采用双线性内插方法估计成像振幅.传统道集拉平技术在垂直方向进行校正量消除,本文方法能有效估计共偏移距道集中的水平和垂直校正量,并在亚像素域估计正确的成像振幅.模型数据和实际数据的处理结果表明,本文方法能有效增强共成像点道集中同相轴的一致性,提高叠加结果的分辨率.
The common offset gathers extracted from common image gathers can be seen as multiple observations about the same underground image.Due to migration errors,the real image positions deviate from the true positions with lateral and vertical misalignments.This paper proposes a seismic image warping technique to enhance the common image gathers.This method aligns different common offset gathers point to point in both the lateral and vertical direction.In this paper the 2D local normalized cross-correlation can be used to measure the similarity of the input gather and the model gather at the same temporal and spatial position.By assuming the 2D cross-correlation computed at various lateral and vertical relative lags satisfies a continuous convex function,the derivation method can be used to estimate the non-integer correction values corresponding to the maximum correlation at the given position.After that the accurate image amplitude can be estimated by the bilinear interpolation.Compared with the traditional gather flattening method,the proposed method can estimate the lateral and vertical correction values of the common offset gathers and obtain the accurate imaging amplitude in the sub-pixel domain.The processing results of the 2D synthetic and real dataset demonstrate the proposed method can enhance the event consistency of common image gathers and improve the resolution of the stack.
The common offset gathers extracted from common image gathers can be seen as multiple observations about the same underground image.Due to migration errors,the real image positions deviate from the true positions with lateral and vertical misalignments.This paper proposes a seismic image warping technique to enhance the common image gathers.This method aligns different common offset gathers point to point in both the lateral and vertical direction.In this paper the 2D local normalized cross-correlation can be used to measure the similarity of the input gather and the model gather at the same temporal and spatial position.By assuming the 2D cross-correlation computed at various lateral and vertical relative lags satisfies a continuous convex function,the derivation method can be used to estimate the non-integer correction values corresponding to the maximum correlation at the given position.After that the accurate image amplitude can be estimated by the bilinear interpolation.Compared with the traditional gather flattening method,the proposed method can estimate the lateral and vertical correction values of the common offset gathers and obtain the accurate imaging amplitude in the sub-pixel domain.The processing results of the 2D synthetic and real dataset demonstrate the proposed method can enhance the event consistency of common image gathers and improve the resolution of the stack.
引文
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[12]王云专,杨立伟,李素华.剩余时差校正及泊松比反演.地球物理学进展,2006,21(1):214-218.Wang Y Z,Yang L W,Li S H.Residual moveout correctionand Poisson′s ratio inversion.ProgressinGeophysics(inChinese),2006,21(1):214-218.
[13]Lichman E.Automated phase-based moveout correction.图17图16的局部放大图图18图17框图的局部放大图(a)图17b框图放大结果;(b)图17c框图放大结果;(c)图17e框图放大结果;(d)图17f框图放大结果.Fig.18 The zoomed area of the Fig.17(a)The zoomed area of the rectangle in Fig.17b;(b)Thezoomed area of the rectangle in Fig.17c;(c)The zoomed areaof the rectangle in Fig.17e;(d)The zoomed area of therectangle in Fig.17f.for time-lapse seismic reservoir monitoring:A case studyfrom the Gulf of Mexico.Geophysics,2001,66(4):1015-1205.
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[25]赵伟.中国海上时移地震技术应用的可行性研究.勘探地球物理进展,2003,26(1):30-34.Zhao W.Feasibility study on time-lapse seismic offshoreChina.Progress in Exploration Geophysics(in Chinese),2003,26(1):30-34.
[26]Grubb H,Tura A,Hanitzsch C.Estimating and interpretingvelocity uncertainty in migrated images and AVO attributes.Geophysics,2001,66(4):1208-1216.
[27]李振春,张军华.地震数据处理方法.东营:中国石油大学出版社,2006.Li Z C,Zhang J H.The Method of Seismic Data Processing.Dongying:China University of Petroleum Press,2006.
[28]Barnea D I,Silverman H F.A class of algorithms for fastdigital image registration.IEEE Trans.Computers,1972,21(2):179-186.
[29]Perez G,Marfurt K J.Fine-tuning your seismic image:prestack data warping to improve stack quality and resolution.76th Annual International Meeting,SEG,Expanded Abstracts,2006:2475-2479.
[30]Pan J J,Tang Y Y,Pan B C.The algorithm of fast meanfiltering.Wavelet Analysis and Pattern Recognition Conference,2007:244-248.
[31]Rakshit S,Ghosh A,Shankar B U.Fast mean filteringtechnique(FMFT).Pattern Recognition,2007,40(3):890-897.
[32]Steger C.An unbiased detector of curvilinear structures.IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence,1998,20(2):113-125.
[33]Steger C.Unbiased extraction of curvilinear structures from2Dand 3Dimages[Ph.D.thesis].München:TechnicalUniversity of München,1998.
[34]雷鸣,张广军.基于互相关的图像匹配亚像素定位.光电工程,2008,35(5):108-113.Lei M,Zhang G J.Image orientation algorithm with subpixelaccuracy based on correlative matching method.Opto-Electronic Engineering(in Chinese),2008,35(5):108-113.
[2]Hinkley D,Bear G W,Dawson C.Prestack gather flatteningfor AVO.74th Annual International Meeting,SEG,Expanded Abstracts,2004:271-273.
[3]Duveneck E,Traub B.Automatic moveout correction bylocal event correlations on coherency-enhanced gathers.76thAnnual International Meeting,SEG,Expanded Abstracts,2006:3036-3040.
[4]Gulunay N,Gamar F,Hoeber H,et al.Robust residualgather flattening.77th Annual International Meeting,SEG,Expanded Abstracts,2007:229-233.
[5]慎国强,王玉梅,孟宪军等.基于时频分析的地震道集校平技术应用.中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2010,34(1):34-36,45.Shen G Q,Wang Y M,Meng X J,et al.Application ofseismic gather flattening technique based on time-frequencyanalysis.Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition ofNatural Science)(in Chinese),2010,34(1):34-36,45.
[6]Lu W K,Liu J.Estimation and removal of the residualnormal moveout based on the S-transform.Congress onImage and Signal Processing,2008:573-576.
[7]Gulunay N,Magesan M,Roende H.Gather flattening basedon event tracking for each time sample.70th EAGE Conferenceand Exhibition,2008.
[8]Gulunay N,Magesan M,Roende H.Gather flattening.TheLeading Edge,2007,26(12):1538-1543.
[9]Gulunay N.Polarity blind and polarity sensitive gatherflattening methods.74th EAGE Conference and Exhibition,2012.
[10]林伯香,孙建国.相位替换法剩余时差校正.石油物探,2001,40(3):15-22.Lin B X,Sun J G.Residual moveout correction by usingphase replacement.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),2001,40(3):15-22.
[11]王开燕,李慧,官波等.相位剩余时差校正方法在提高分辨率中的应用.大庆石油学院学报,2007,31(6):14-17.Wang K Y,Li H,Guan B,et al.Application of residualmoveout correction to the improvement of resolution.Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute(in Chinese),2007,31(6):14-17.
[12]王云专,杨立伟,李素华.剩余时差校正及泊松比反演.地球物理学进展,2006,21(1):214-218.Wang Y Z,Yang L W,Li S H.Residual moveout correctionand Poisson′s ratio inversion.ProgressinGeophysics(inChinese),2006,21(1):214-218.
[13]Lichman E.Automated phase-based moveout correction.图17图16的局部放大图图18图17框图的局部放大图(a)图17b框图放大结果;(b)图17c框图放大结果;(c)图17e框图放大结果;(d)图17f框图放大结果.Fig.18 The zoomed area of the Fig.17(a)The zoomed area of the rectangle in Fig.17b;(b)Thezoomed area of the rectangle in Fig.17c;(c)The zoomed areaof the rectangle in Fig.17e;(d)The zoomed area of therectangle in Fig.17f.for time-lapse seismic reservoir monitoring:A case studyfrom the Gulf of Mexico.Geophysics,2001,66(4):1015-1205.
[22]Hall S A,MacBeth C,Barkved O I,et al.Cross-matchingwith interpreted warping of 3D streamer and 3D ocean-bottom-cable data at Valhall for time-lapse assessment.Geophysical Prospecting,2005,53(2):283-297.
[23]Hall S A.A methodology for 7D warping and deformationmonitoring using time-lapse seismic data.Geophysics,2006,71(4):O21-O31.
[24]郭念民,吴国忱.非重复采集时移地震正演模拟及可行性分析.地球物理学进展,2012,27(1):232-245.Guo N M,Wu G C.Forward-modeling and feasibility studyof non-repeating acquired time-lapse seismic exploration.Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),2012,27(1):232-245.
[25]赵伟.中国海上时移地震技术应用的可行性研究.勘探地球物理进展,2003,26(1):30-34.Zhao W.Feasibility study on time-lapse seismic offshoreChina.Progress in Exploration Geophysics(in Chinese),2003,26(1):30-34.
[26]Grubb H,Tura A,Hanitzsch C.Estimating and interpretingvelocity uncertainty in migrated images and AVO attributes.Geophysics,2001,66(4):1208-1216.
[27]李振春,张军华.地震数据处理方法.东营:中国石油大学出版社,2006.Li Z C,Zhang J H.The Method of Seismic Data Processing.Dongying:China University of Petroleum Press,2006.
[28]Barnea D I,Silverman H F.A class of algorithms for fastdigital image registration.IEEE Trans.Computers,1972,21(2):179-186.
[29]Perez G,Marfurt K J.Fine-tuning your seismic image:prestack data warping to improve stack quality and resolution.76th Annual International Meeting,SEG,Expanded Abstracts,2006:2475-2479.
[30]Pan J J,Tang Y Y,Pan B C.The algorithm of fast meanfiltering.Wavelet Analysis and Pattern Recognition Conference,2007:244-248.
[31]Rakshit S,Ghosh A,Shankar B U.Fast mean filteringtechnique(FMFT).Pattern Recognition,2007,40(3):890-897.
[32]Steger C.An unbiased detector of curvilinear structures.IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence,1998,20(2):113-125.
[33]Steger C.Unbiased extraction of curvilinear structures from2Dand 3Dimages[Ph.D.thesis].München:TechnicalUniversity of München,1998.
[34]雷鸣,张广军.基于互相关的图像匹配亚像素定位.光电工程,2008,35(5):108-113.Lei M,Zhang G J.Image orientation algorithm with subpixelaccuracy based on correlative matching method.Opto-Electronic Engineering(in Chinese),2008,35(5):108-113.
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