张掖市甘州城区及外围地下水位上升原因分析
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摘要
采用传统的水均衡方法及环境同位素分析、氟里昂测年等技术,结合地震、地面物探、气象水文及地下水流场分析手段,分析了甘州城区及其外围地下水位上升的原因。结果表明:实施"黑河流域节水灌溉综合治理工程"引起水资源利用分配格局的变化不是引起地下水位大面积上升的原因;水位上升区第四系深层承压水与祁连山基岩裂隙水具有相同的水文地球化学特征和环境同位素特征。其结论:张掖盆地中心地带基底存在与祁连山区相连的北西向深大断裂带一直存在少量,且稳定的地下水越流补给量;自2003年10月山丹、民乐发生大地震以后,使得祁连山山前及盆地内基底断裂活动加剧,同时断裂活动错断了第四系松散层内的隔水层,基底断裂带变为导水通道,加快了祁连山区基岩裂隙水沿着这个通道向上越流补给盆地第四系孔隙水的速度,增大了越流补给量,使盆地地下水补给量大于排泄量,造成地下水位大面积上升。
In this paper,the causes resulting in the groundwater level rise in large area in Zhangye City and its peripheral regions are preliminarily analyzed by applying the traditional water balance method and some advanced means,such as the environmental isotope analysis and CFC dating,based on the available data of earthquake research,geophysical prospecting,hydrogeology,meteorology,dynamic change of groundwater level,etc.The results show that the change of distribution pattern of water resources due to implementing the "Project of Water-saving Irrigation in the Heihe River Basin" is not the cause resulting in the groundwater level rise in large area;the hydrogeochemical and environmental isotope features of Quaternary confined groundwater in the regions with groundwater level rise in Zhangye are the same with those of bedrock crevice water in the Qilian Mountain.The conclusions are that the confined groundwater recharge in the Zhangye Basin is related to bedrock crevice water in the Qilian Mountain,and such linkage is strengthened under the effects of bedrock crevice water flow,groundwater flow,neotectonic movement and fault occurrence.
In this paper,the causes resulting in the groundwater level rise in large area in Zhangye City and its peripheral regions are preliminarily analyzed by applying the traditional water balance method and some advanced means,such as the environmental isotope analysis and CFC dating,based on the available data of earthquake research,geophysical prospecting,hydrogeology,meteorology,dynamic change of groundwater level,etc.The results show that the change of distribution pattern of water resources due to implementing the "Project of Water-saving Irrigation in the Heihe River Basin" is not the cause resulting in the groundwater level rise in large area;the hydrogeochemical and environmental isotope features of Quaternary confined groundwater in the regions with groundwater level rise in Zhangye are the same with those of bedrock crevice water in the Qilian Mountain.The conclusions are that the confined groundwater recharge in the Zhangye Basin is related to bedrock crevice water in the Qilian Mountain,and such linkage is strengthened under the effects of bedrock crevice water flow,groundwater flow,neotectonic movement and fault occurrence.
引文
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[10]秦大军.用氟里昂(CFC)数据确定地下水的补给年龄〔J〕.地质论评,2002,48(增刊):210-214.〔Qin Dajun.The decidedgroundwater recharge years with the CFC data〔J〕.Geological Re-viw,2002,48(suppl.):210-214.〕
[11]秦大军.影响地下水CFCs定年的主要因素〔J〕.自然科学进展,2004,14(10):1 199-1 203.〔Qin Dajun.The major factor ofthe influence groundwater CFCs dating〔J〕.Progress in NatruralScience,2004,14(10):1 199-1 203.〕
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[13]陈骏,王鹤年.地球化学〔M〕.北京:科学出版社,2004:34-84.〔Chen Jun,Wang Henian.Earth Chemical〔M〕.Beijing:Sci-ence Press,2004:34-84.〕
[14]蓝永超,康尔泗,张济世,等.河西内陆干旱区地表和地下水资源的相互转化研究〔J〕.地球科学进展,2002,17(2):535-545.〔Lan Yongchao,Kan Ersi,Zhang Jishi,et al.Study on themutual transformation between groundwater and surface water re-sources in the Hexi inland arid regions〔J〕.Advance in Earth Sci-ences,2002,17(2):535-545.〕
[15]丁宏伟,张举,吕智,等.河西走廊水资源特征及其循环转化规律〔J〕.干旱区研究,2006,23(2):241-248.〔Ding Hongwei,Zhang Ju,Lu Zhi,et al.Characteristics and cycle conversion of wa-ter resources in the Hexi corridor〔J〕.Arid Zone Research,2006,23(2):241-248.〕
[16]丁宏伟,张举.河西走廊地下水水化学特征及其演化规律〔J〕.干旱区研究,2005,22(1):24-28.〔Ding Hongwei,Zhang Ju.Goechemical properties and evolution of groundwater beneath theHexi corridor,Gansu province〔J〕.Arid Zone Research,2005,22(1):24-28.〕
[17]丁宏伟,姚兴荣,闫成云,等.河西走廊祁连山山前缺水区找水方向〔J〕.水文地质工程地质,2002,29(6):12-16.〔DingHongwei,Yao Xingrong,Yan Chengyun,et al.Orientation of waterseeking in the area of watershortage located in Qilianshan mountainpediment of Hexi corridor〔J〕.Hydrogeology and Engineering Geol-ogy,2002,29(6):12-16.〕
①尹政,崔振卿,丁宏伟,等.甘肃省张掖市甘州城区及外围地下水位上升原因紧急调查及地质灾害防治方案研究报告.甘肃省地矿局水文地质工程地质勘察院,2006:10-63.
②丁宏伟,张荷生,王文科,等.河西走廊地下水勘查报告.甘肃省地质调查院,2002:88-124.
③周兴智,赵剑东,丁宏伟,等.甘肃省黑河干流中游地区地下水资源及其合理开发利用勘察研究.甘肃省地矿局第二水文地质工程地质队,1989:46-59.
④范锡朋,敖淑仙,金良玉,等.甘肃省河西走廊地下水分布规律与合理开发利用研究.甘肃省地矿局地质科学研究所,1983:33-58.
[2]郭巧玲,冯起,杨云松,等.黑河大墩门至狼心山段生态需水量估算〔J〕.干旱区研究,2007,24(5):584-589.〔Guo Qiaoling,Feng Qi,Yang Yunsong,et al.Estimation of ecological water con-sumption in the region from Dadunmen to Langxin Mountain in theHeihe river basin〔J〕.Arid Zone Research,2007,24(5):584-589.〕
[3]丁宏伟,张举.干旱区内陆平原区地下水持续下降及引起的环境问题———以河西走廊黑河中游地区为例〔J〕.水文地质工程地质,2002,29(3):71-79.〔Ding Hongwei,Zhang Ju.The prob-lem of environment caused by groundwater level continuous de-clineinthe inland basins of arid area,Northwest China—An exam-ple in middle reaches of Heihe river basin〔J〕.Hydrogeology andEngineering Geology,2002,29(3):71-79.〕
[4]陈少勇,董安祥,陈添宇,等.祁连山总云量变化及其与气候变暖的关系〔J〕.干旱区研究,2007,24(1):98-102.〔ChenShaoyong,Dong Anxiang,Chen Tianyu,et al.Study on the changeof total cloudage and its relationship with climate warming over theQilian moutains〔J〕.Arid Zone Research,2007,24(1):98-102.〕
[5]瞿汶,刘德祥,赵红岩,等.甘肃省近43年降水资源变化对农业的影响〔J〕.干旱区研究,2007,24(1):56-60.〔Qu Wen,Liu Dexiang,Zhao Hongyan,et al.Effects of precipitation resourcesvariation on agriculture in Gansu province in recent43 years〔J〕.Arid Zone Research,2007,24(1):56-60.〕
[6]张光辉,聂振龙,王金哲,等.黑河流域水循环过程中地下水同位素特征及补给效应〔J〕.地球科学进展,2005,20(5):435-440.〔Zhang Guanghui,Nie Zhenlong,Wang Jinzhe,et al.Isotopiccharacteristic and recharge effect of groundwater in the water circu-lation of Heihe river basin〔J〕.Advance in Earth Sciences,2005,20(5):435-440.〕
[7]赵霞,陈建生.黑河流域地表水与地下水转化关系的几点疑问〔J〕.地球学报,2005,26(增刊):1 204-1 208.〔Zhao Xia,Chen Jiansheng.Queries on the conversion between surface waterand groundwater within the Heihe river drainage〔J〕.Acta Geosci-entia Sinica,2005,26(suppl.):1 204-1 208.〕
[8]陈建生,凡哲超,汪集?,等.巴丹吉林沙漠湖泊及其下游地下水同位素分析〔J〕.地球学报,2003,24(6):497-504.〔ChenJiansheng,Fan Zechao,Wang Jiyang,et al.The analysis with iso-topes of the lakes in Badanjilin desert and lower reaches groundwa-ter of the river〔J〕.Acta Geoscientia Sinica,2003,24(6):497-504.〕
[9]陈建生,汪集8.同位素方法研究巴丹吉林沙漠与古日乃草原地下水补给〔J〕.中国地球物理,2003,34(4):642-643.〔Chen Jiansheng,Wang Jiyang.The research of groundwater sup-ply in Badanjilin desert and Gurinai grassland in the isotope meth-od〔J〕.Chinese Geophysics,2003,34(4):642-643.〕
[10]秦大军.用氟里昂(CFC)数据确定地下水的补给年龄〔J〕.地质论评,2002,48(增刊):210-214.〔Qin Dajun.The decidedgroundwater recharge years with the CFC data〔J〕.Geological Re-viw,2002,48(suppl.):210-214.〕
[11]秦大军.影响地下水CFCs定年的主要因素〔J〕.自然科学进展,2004,14(10):1 199-1 203.〔Qin Dajun.The major factor ofthe influence groundwater CFCs dating〔J〕.Progress in NatruralScience,2004,14(10):1 199-1 203.〕
[12]韩连奋,潘仲和,Manfred Groening.利用CFC测试数据研究地下水的混合补给〔J〕.中国科学:E辑,2001,44(增刊):22-28.〔Han Liangfeng,Pan Zhonghe,Manfred Groening.Study ofgroundwater mixing using CFC data〔J〕.Science in China:SeriesE,2001,44(suppl.):22-28.〕
[13]陈骏,王鹤年.地球化学〔M〕.北京:科学出版社,2004:34-84.〔Chen Jun,Wang Henian.Earth Chemical〔M〕.Beijing:Sci-ence Press,2004:34-84.〕
[14]蓝永超,康尔泗,张济世,等.河西内陆干旱区地表和地下水资源的相互转化研究〔J〕.地球科学进展,2002,17(2):535-545.〔Lan Yongchao,Kan Ersi,Zhang Jishi,et al.Study on themutual transformation between groundwater and surface water re-sources in the Hexi inland arid regions〔J〕.Advance in Earth Sci-ences,2002,17(2):535-545.〕
[15]丁宏伟,张举,吕智,等.河西走廊水资源特征及其循环转化规律〔J〕.干旱区研究,2006,23(2):241-248.〔Ding Hongwei,Zhang Ju,Lu Zhi,et al.Characteristics and cycle conversion of wa-ter resources in the Hexi corridor〔J〕.Arid Zone Research,2006,23(2):241-248.〕
[16]丁宏伟,张举.河西走廊地下水水化学特征及其演化规律〔J〕.干旱区研究,2005,22(1):24-28.〔Ding Hongwei,Zhang Ju.Goechemical properties and evolution of groundwater beneath theHexi corridor,Gansu province〔J〕.Arid Zone Research,2005,22(1):24-28.〕
[17]丁宏伟,姚兴荣,闫成云,等.河西走廊祁连山山前缺水区找水方向〔J〕.水文地质工程地质,2002,29(6):12-16.〔DingHongwei,Yao Xingrong,Yan Chengyun,et al.Orientation of waterseeking in the area of watershortage located in Qilianshan mountainpediment of Hexi corridor〔J〕.Hydrogeology and Engineering Geol-ogy,2002,29(6):12-16.〕
①尹政,崔振卿,丁宏伟,等.甘肃省张掖市甘州城区及外围地下水位上升原因紧急调查及地质灾害防治方案研究报告.甘肃省地矿局水文地质工程地质勘察院,2006:10-63.
②丁宏伟,张荷生,王文科,等.河西走廊地下水勘查报告.甘肃省地质调查院,2002:88-124.
③周兴智,赵剑东,丁宏伟,等.甘肃省黑河干流中游地区地下水资源及其合理开发利用勘察研究.甘肃省地矿局第二水文地质工程地质队,1989:46-59.
④范锡朋,敖淑仙,金良玉,等.甘肃省河西走廊地下水分布规律与合理开发利用研究.甘肃省地矿局地质科学研究所,1983:33-58.
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