降水过程对断层CO_2气体异常排放响应的个例分析
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摘要
为了从观测事实的角度揭示岩石圈的热异常对大气圈的影响,本文利用怀来后郝窑测点的断层气CO_2排放观测数据和中国752站降水的逐日观测资料,分析了断层气CO_2异常排放与降水事件的时空演变联系.个例分析结果表明,断层气CO_2的异常排放会导致局地降水的增多.以1991年为例,伴随着断层气CO_2排放的异常增加,在大范围降水负异常的背景下,CO_2排放点周边区域出现显著的降水正异常(降水距平百分率大于零)区.同时,CO_2异常幅度较大的时段,相应的降水正异常区的中心值也较大.此外,分析降水响应断层气CO_2排放异常的时间还发现,断层气CO_2异常排放对其后10天内的降水过程影响最为显著.
In order to investigate the potential influence of thermal anomaly from the lithosphere on the aerosphere from the viewpoint of observational facts,the temporal and spatial relationship between abnormal fault CO_2 discharge and precipitation events is analysed,based on the data of CO_2 in fault product gas at Houhaoyao site in Hebei province and precipitation data from 752 meteorological stations in China.The results show that the anomaly of fault CO_2 emission is able to lead to local precipitation anomaly.During the period of CO_2 anomalies,there is always positive anomaly of precipitaion in the surrounding region of the epicenter under the background of large scale negative anomalies of precipitation.Meanwhile,it is found that a relatively larger magnitude of precipitation anomaly usually corresponds to a larger amplitude of CO_2 abnormal emission.In addtion,the analyses of the precipitation time series indicate that the fault CO_2 discharge has evident effects on the rainfall events within the following 10 days.
In order to investigate the potential influence of thermal anomaly from the lithosphere on the aerosphere from the viewpoint of observational facts,the temporal and spatial relationship between abnormal fault CO_2 discharge and precipitation events is analysed,based on the data of CO_2 in fault product gas at Houhaoyao site in Hebei province and precipitation data from 752 meteorological stations in China.The results show that the anomaly of fault CO_2 emission is able to lead to local precipitation anomaly.During the period of CO_2 anomalies,there is always positive anomaly of precipitaion in the surrounding region of the epicenter under the background of large scale negative anomalies of precipitation.Meanwhile,it is found that a relatively larger magnitude of precipitation anomaly usually corresponds to a larger amplitude of CO_2 abnormal emission.In addtion,the analyses of the precipitation time series indicate that the fault CO_2 discharge has evident effects on the rainfall events within the following 10 days.
引文
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[4] Callendar G S.The artifical production of carbon dioxide and its influence on temperature.Quart.J.Roy.Meteor.Soc.,1938,64(275) :223-240
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[8] 赵红岩,汤懋苍,张拥军等.旱-震-涝关系及其在短期气候预测中的可能应用.自然科学进展,2007,17(1) :132～136 Zhao H Y,Tang M C,Zhang Y J,et al.The possible application of drought-earthquake-flood relationship in shortterm climate prediction.Progress in Natural Science(in Chinese),2007,17(1) :132～136
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[10] 汤懋苍.介绍一种天灾预测的新方法-地气图法.见:李振声主编.中国减轻自然灾害研究.北京;科学技术出版社,1998． 429～431 Tang M C.An introduction to a new method for predicting natura l disasters.In:Li Z S ed.Study on the Natural Disasters Mitigation in China.Beijing:Science and Technology Press,1998． 429～431
[11] 汤懋苍,郭维栋,柳艳香等.地气图方法预报汛期降水10年总结.气候与环境研究,2006,11(5) :642～648 Tang M C,Guo W D,Liu Y X,et al.Summary of precipitation prediction during flood season based on “Geothermal Gases”map over the last 10 years.Cli.Environ.Res.(in Chinese),2006,11(5) :642～648
[12] 郭增建,秦保燕.巨大震、旱、洪灾害的综合讨论.见:中国科协学会工作部编.中国减轻自然灾害研究.北京:气象出版社,1992． 23～28 Guo Z J,Qin B Y.A comprehensive discussion on massive earthquakes,droughts and floods.In:Work Compilation of China Association for Science and Technology eds.Study on the Natural Disasters Mitigation in China(in Chinese).Beijing:China Meteorological Press,1992． 23～28
[13] 汤懋苍,高晓清.1980～1993年我国“地热涡”的若干统计特征Ⅰ.“地热涡”的时空分布.中国科学(B辑),1 995,25(11) :1186～1192 Tang M C,Gao X Q.Some statistical characteristics of the “geothermic vortex”in China during 1980～1993,Ⅰ:The spatial and temporal distribution of “ geothermic vortex”.Science in China(Series B)(in Chinese),1995,25(11) :1186～1192
[14] 汤懋苍,高晓清.1980～1993年我国“地热涡”的若干统计特征-Ⅱ.“地热涡”与地震的统计相关.中国科学(B辑),1 995,25(12) :1313～1319 Tang M C,Gao X Q.Some statistical characteristics of the “geothermic vortex”in China during 1980～1993,Ⅱ:The statistical relationship between “ geothermic vortex” and earthquake.Science in China(Series B)(in Chinese),1995,25(12) :1313～1319
[15] 朱永峰.地球的放气作用是全球环境变化的主导因素.地学前缘,1997,4(1-2) :152 Du Y F.Role of Earth degassing is the dominant factor in global environment change.Earth Science Frontiers(in Chinese),1997,4(1-2) :152
[16] 杜乐天.地球排气作用的重大意义及研究进展.地质论评,2005,51(2) :174～180 Du L T.Significance of Earth degassing and its research progress.Geological Review(in Chinese),2005,51(2) :174～180
[17] 朱永峰.地幔流体与地球的放气作用.地学前缘,1998,5(增刊):71～75 Zhu Y F.Mantle fluid and earth degassing.Earth Science Frontiers(in Chinese),1998,5(zl):71～75
[18] 上官志冠,白春华,孙明良.腾冲热海地区现代幔源岩浆气体释放特征.中国科学(D辑),2000,30(4) :407～414 Shangguan Z G,Bai C H,Sun M L.Characteristics of gases emission of modern mantle source magma along Rehai in Tengchong.Science in China(Series D)(in Chinese),2000,30(4) :407～414
[19] 袁道先.岩溶作用与碳循环研究进展.地球科学进展,1999,14(5) :425～432 Yuan ID X.Advances in study of magma action and carbon cycle.Advances in Earth Sciences(in Chinese),1999,14(5) :425～432
[20] 林元武,王基华,高松升.断层气COz测定新方法与张北一尚义6． 2级地震预报.地震,1998,18(4) :353～357 Lin Y W,Wang J H,Gao S S.A new measurement method for CO_2 emission in fault gas and Zhangbei-Shangyi M6． 2 earthquake prediction.Earthquake(in Chinese),1998,18(4) :353～357
[21] 王基华,林元武,高松升等.1998年怀来后郝窑断层气CO_2变化特征分析.西北地震学报,2000,22(1) :28～32 Wang J H,LinYW,GaoSS,et al.Analysis on change of CO_2 in fault product gas in Houhaoyao,Huailai county in 1998． Northwestern Seismological Journal,2000,22(1) :28～32
[22] 王基华,王 亮,孙风民等.断层气动态特征及其与地震活动关系.地震,1994,14(3) :59～63 Wang J H,Wang L,Sun M F,et al.The dynamic characteristics of fault gases and its relation to seismic activity.Earthquake,1994,14(3) :59～63
[23] Sugisaki R,Masahiko I,Hiroshi T.Origin of hydrogen and carbon dioxide in fault gases and its relation to fault activity.J.Geology,1983,91(3) :239～259
[24] 官致君,闻学泽,程万正.断层气CO_2测点选建及观测资料在四川绵州、雅江地震前的反映.四川地震,2002,4(105) :22～27 Guan Z J,Wen X Z,Cheng W Z.Choosing site for gas CO_2 observation and change characters of gas COs content before Mianzhou and Yajiang Earthquake.Earthquake Research in Sichuan,2002,4(105) :22～27
[25] 郭维栋.土壤温度场影响降水场的统计分析和数值模拟[博士论文].甘肃:中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,2000 Guo W D.Statistical analysis of soil temperature influencing on precipitation field and numerical simulation[Ph.D.thesis](in Chinese).Gansu:Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Science,2000
[26] 郑益群.陆面过程对区域气候变化的数值模拟研究[博士论文].江苏:南京大学大气科学系,2000 Zheng Y Q.Study of numerical simulation of the effect of land surface process on regional climate[Ph.D.thesis](in Chinese).Jiangsu:Department of Atmospheric Sciences,Nanjing University,2000
[27] Qiang Z J,Lin C G,Li L Z,et al.Satellitic thermal infrared brightness temperature anomaly image short term and impending earthquake precursors.Science in China(Series D)(in Chinese),1999,42(3) :313～325
[28] Guo W D,Sun S F,Qian Y F.Case analyses and numerical simulation of soil thermal impacts on land surface energy budget based on an off-line land surface model.Adv.Atmos.Sci.,2002,19(3) :500～512
[29] Rahn T A,Fessenden J E,Wahlen M.Flux chamber measurements of anomalous CO_2 emission from the flanks of Mammoth Mountain.California.Geophys.Res.Lett.,1996,23(14) :1861～1864
[30] 王万秋.土壤温湿异常对短期气候影响的数值模拟试验.大气科学,1991,15(5) :115～123 Wang W Q.Numerical experiments of the soil temperature and moisture anomalies effects on the short term climate.Chinese J.Atmos.Sci.,1991,15(5) :115～123
[2] Bjerknes J.A possible response of the atmospheric Handley circulation to equatorial anomalies of ocean temperature.Tellus,1966,18(4) :820～829
[3] Charney J G.Dynamics of deserts and drought in the Sahel.Quart.J.Roy.Meteor.Soc.,1975,101(428) :193～292
[4] Callendar G S.The artifical production of carbon dioxide and its influence on temperature.Quart.J.Roy.Meteor.Soc.,1938,64(275) :223-240
[5] 高晓清,汤懋苍,朱德琴.关于气候系统与地球系统的若干思考.地球物理学报,2004,47(2) :364～368 Gao X Q,Tang M C,Zhu D Q.Some thoughts on climate system and earth system.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,47(2) :364～368
[6] 耿庆国.中国旱震关系研究.北京:海洋出版社,1985 Geng Q G.Research of Relationship Between Drought and Earthquake(in Chinese).Beijing:China Ocean Press,1985
[7] 郭增建,秦保燕.灾害物理学.陕西:陕西科学技术出版社,1989． 1～406 Guo Z J,Qin B Y.Disaster Physics(in Chinese).Shanxi:Shanxi Science and Technology Press,1989． 1~406
[8] 赵红岩,汤懋苍,张拥军等.旱-震-涝关系及其在短期气候预测中的可能应用.自然科学进展,2007,17(1) :132～136 Zhao H Y,Tang M C,Zhang Y J,et al.The possible application of drought-earthquake-flood relationship in shortterm climate prediction.Progress in Natural Science(in Chinese),2007,17(1) :132～136
[9] 汤懋苍,吴士杰.用深层地温预报汛期减少趋势.气象,1981,7(8) :23～29 Tang M C,Wu S J.Prediction of decreasing trend of flood period with deep layer soil temperature.Meteorological Monthly(in Chinese),1981,7(8) :23～29
[10] 汤懋苍.介绍一种天灾预测的新方法-地气图法.见:李振声主编.中国减轻自然灾害研究.北京;科学技术出版社,1998． 429～431 Tang M C.An introduction to a new method for predicting natura l disasters.In:Li Z S ed.Study on the Natural Disasters Mitigation in China.Beijing:Science and Technology Press,1998． 429～431
[11] 汤懋苍,郭维栋,柳艳香等.地气图方法预报汛期降水10年总结.气候与环境研究,2006,11(5) :642～648 Tang M C,Guo W D,Liu Y X,et al.Summary of precipitation prediction during flood season based on “Geothermal Gases”map over the last 10 years.Cli.Environ.Res.(in Chinese),2006,11(5) :642～648
[12] 郭增建,秦保燕.巨大震、旱、洪灾害的综合讨论.见:中国科协学会工作部编.中国减轻自然灾害研究.北京:气象出版社,1992． 23～28 Guo Z J,Qin B Y.A comprehensive discussion on massive earthquakes,droughts and floods.In:Work Compilation of China Association for Science and Technology eds.Study on the Natural Disasters Mitigation in China(in Chinese).Beijing:China Meteorological Press,1992． 23～28
[13] 汤懋苍,高晓清.1980～1993年我国“地热涡”的若干统计特征Ⅰ.“地热涡”的时空分布.中国科学(B辑),1 995,25(11) :1186～1192 Tang M C,Gao X Q.Some statistical characteristics of the “geothermic vortex”in China during 1980～1993,Ⅰ:The spatial and temporal distribution of “ geothermic vortex”.Science in China(Series B)(in Chinese),1995,25(11) :1186～1192
[14] 汤懋苍,高晓清.1980～1993年我国“地热涡”的若干统计特征-Ⅱ.“地热涡”与地震的统计相关.中国科学(B辑),1 995,25(12) :1313～1319 Tang M C,Gao X Q.Some statistical characteristics of the “geothermic vortex”in China during 1980～1993,Ⅱ:The statistical relationship between “ geothermic vortex” and earthquake.Science in China(Series B)(in Chinese),1995,25(12) :1313～1319
[15] 朱永峰.地球的放气作用是全球环境变化的主导因素.地学前缘,1997,4(1-2) :152 Du Y F.Role of Earth degassing is the dominant factor in global environment change.Earth Science Frontiers(in Chinese),1997,4(1-2) :152
[16] 杜乐天.地球排气作用的重大意义及研究进展.地质论评,2005,51(2) :174～180 Du L T.Significance of Earth degassing and its research progress.Geological Review(in Chinese),2005,51(2) :174～180
[17] 朱永峰.地幔流体与地球的放气作用.地学前缘,1998,5(增刊):71～75 Zhu Y F.Mantle fluid and earth degassing.Earth Science Frontiers(in Chinese),1998,5(zl):71～75
[18] 上官志冠,白春华,孙明良.腾冲热海地区现代幔源岩浆气体释放特征.中国科学(D辑),2000,30(4) :407～414 Shangguan Z G,Bai C H,Sun M L.Characteristics of gases emission of modern mantle source magma along Rehai in Tengchong.Science in China(Series D)(in Chinese),2000,30(4) :407～414
[19] 袁道先.岩溶作用与碳循环研究进展.地球科学进展,1999,14(5) :425～432 Yuan ID X.Advances in study of magma action and carbon cycle.Advances in Earth Sciences(in Chinese),1999,14(5) :425～432
[20] 林元武,王基华,高松升.断层气COz测定新方法与张北一尚义6． 2级地震预报.地震,1998,18(4) :353～357 Lin Y W,Wang J H,Gao S S.A new measurement method for CO_2 emission in fault gas and Zhangbei-Shangyi M6． 2 earthquake prediction.Earthquake(in Chinese),1998,18(4) :353～357
[21] 王基华,林元武,高松升等.1998年怀来后郝窑断层气CO_2变化特征分析.西北地震学报,2000,22(1) :28～32 Wang J H,LinYW,GaoSS,et al.Analysis on change of CO_2 in fault product gas in Houhaoyao,Huailai county in 1998． Northwestern Seismological Journal,2000,22(1) :28～32
[22] 王基华,王 亮,孙风民等.断层气动态特征及其与地震活动关系.地震,1994,14(3) :59～63 Wang J H,Wang L,Sun M F,et al.The dynamic characteristics of fault gases and its relation to seismic activity.Earthquake,1994,14(3) :59～63
[23] Sugisaki R,Masahiko I,Hiroshi T.Origin of hydrogen and carbon dioxide in fault gases and its relation to fault activity.J.Geology,1983,91(3) :239～259
[24] 官致君,闻学泽,程万正.断层气CO_2测点选建及观测资料在四川绵州、雅江地震前的反映.四川地震,2002,4(105) :22～27 Guan Z J,Wen X Z,Cheng W Z.Choosing site for gas CO_2 observation and change characters of gas COs content before Mianzhou and Yajiang Earthquake.Earthquake Research in Sichuan,2002,4(105) :22～27
[25] 郭维栋.土壤温度场影响降水场的统计分析和数值模拟[博士论文].甘肃:中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,2000 Guo W D.Statistical analysis of soil temperature influencing on precipitation field and numerical simulation[Ph.D.thesis](in Chinese).Gansu:Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Science,2000
[26] 郑益群.陆面过程对区域气候变化的数值模拟研究[博士论文].江苏:南京大学大气科学系,2000 Zheng Y Q.Study of numerical simulation of the effect of land surface process on regional climate[Ph.D.thesis](in Chinese).Jiangsu:Department of Atmospheric Sciences,Nanjing University,2000
[27] Qiang Z J,Lin C G,Li L Z,et al.Satellitic thermal infrared brightness temperature anomaly image short term and impending earthquake precursors.Science in China(Series D)(in Chinese),1999,42(3) :313～325
[28] Guo W D,Sun S F,Qian Y F.Case analyses and numerical simulation of soil thermal impacts on land surface energy budget based on an off-line land surface model.Adv.Atmos.Sci.,2002,19(3) :500～512
[29] Rahn T A,Fessenden J E,Wahlen M.Flux chamber measurements of anomalous CO_2 emission from the flanks of Mammoth Mountain.California.Geophys.Res.Lett.,1996,23(14) :1861～1864
[30] 王万秋.土壤温湿异常对短期气候影响的数值模拟试验.大气科学,1991,15(5) :115～123 Wang W Q.Numerical experiments of the soil temperature and moisture anomalies effects on the short term climate.Chinese J.Atmos.Sci.,1991,15(5) :115～123
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