琼东南盆地气烟囱构造特点及其与天然气水合物的关系
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摘要
气烟囱是由于天然气(或流体)垂向运移在地震剖面上形成的异常反射,是气藏超压、构造低应力和泥页岩封隔层综合作用而形成。气烟囱在形成过程中携带大量富含甲烷气的流体向上运移到天然气水合物稳定带,其形成之后仍可作为后期活动的油气向上运移的特殊通道。在中中新世后,气烟囱是琼东南盆地气体向上运移的通道。地震识别出的似海底反射(BSR)分布区存在大量的气烟囱构造,通过速度、泥岩含量、流体势等属性参数及钻井资料,判断该烟囱构造为有机成因的泥底辟型烟囱构造。
Gas chimney is one of seismic anomalies resulting from vertical gas or fluid migration.It is formed by the combined action of overpressure,low stress and mud shale sealed reservoir.During the for- mation of gas chimney,large scale methane-rich fluid migrates into gas hydrate stability zone along with it. After it is formed,gas chimney is still a special migration pathway to the later action of fluid and petrole- um.Gas chimney is the main pathway for gas migration in Qiongdongnan basin after middle Miocene. Many gas chimneys were found in the distribution zone of bottom simulating reflector(BSR)identified from seismic data.The characteristics of gas chimney are biogenetic mud diapirs by analyzing the parame- ters of interval velocity,fluid potential,mud content and well data.
Gas chimney is one of seismic anomalies resulting from vertical gas or fluid migration.It is formed by the combined action of overpressure,low stress and mud shale sealed reservoir.During the for- mation of gas chimney,large scale methane-rich fluid migrates into gas hydrate stability zone along with it. After it is formed,gas chimney is still a special migration pathway to the later action of fluid and petrole- um.Gas chimney is the main pathway for gas migration in Qiongdongnan basin after middle Miocene. Many gas chimneys were found in the distribution zone of bottom simulating reflector(BSR)identified from seismic data.The characteristics of gas chimney are biogenetic mud diapirs by analyzing the parame- ters of interval velocity,fluid potential,mud content and well data.
引文
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[12]李纯泉，陈红汉，张树林．琼东南盆地压力场及其演化特征[J]．新疆石油地质，2002．23(5)：389—391．[LI Chun-quan，CHEN Hong-han,ZHANG Shu-lin.Pressure field and evo- lution characteristics in Qiongdongnan basin[J].Xinjiang Pe- troleum Geology,2002,23(5):389-391.]
[13]吴能友，张海启，等．南海神狐海域天然气水合物成藏系统初探[J]．天然气工业，2007，27(9)：1-6．[WU Neng-you，ZHANG Hai-qi,et al.Preliminary discussion on natural gas hydrate (NGH) reservoir system of Shenhu area,north slope of South China Sea[J].Natural Gas Industry,2007,27(9): 1-6.]
[2]Hansen J P V,Cartwright J A,Huusew M,et al.3D seismic expression of fluid migration and mud remobilization on the Gjallar Ridge,offshore mid-Norway[J].Basin Research, 2005,17:123-139.
[3]Xie X,Li S,He H,et al.Seismic evidence for fluid migration pathways from an over pressured system in the South China Sea[J].Geofluid,2003,3:245-253.
[4]Meldahl Heggland.Identifying fault and gas chimneys using multi-attributes and neural networks[J].The Leading Edge of Geophysics,2001,26:869-875.
[5]张为民，李继亮，等．气烟囱的形成机理及其与油气的关系探讨[J]．地质科学，2000，35(4)；449—456．[ZHANG Wei-min，LI Ji-liang,et al.A study of formation mechanism of gas-chim- ney and relationship with petroleum[J].Scientia Geologica Sinica,2000,35(4):449-456.]
[6]Hovland M,Gardner J V,Judd A G.The significance of pock- marks to understanding fluid flow processes and geohazards [J].Geofluids,2002,2:127-136.
[7]Johnson J E,Goldfinger C,Suess E.Geophysical constraints on the surface distribution of authigenic carbonates across the Hydrate Ridge region,Cascadia Margin[J].Marine Geology, 2003,202:79-120.
[8]Gay A,Lopez M,et al.Isolated seafloor pockmarks linked to BSRs,fluid chimneys,polygonal faults and stacked Oligocene- Miocene turbiditic palaeochannels in the Lower Congo Basin [J].Marine Geology,2006,226:25-40.
[9]Gay A,Lopez M,et al.Evidences of early to late fluid migra- tion from an upper Miocene turbiditic channel revealed by 3D seismic coupled to geochemical sampling within seafloor pock- marks,Lower Congo Basin[J].Mar.Pet.Geol.,2006,23: 387-399.
[10]Gay A,Lopez M,et al.Geological controls on focused fluid flow associated with seafloor seeps in the Lower Congo Basin [J].Marine Geology,2007,244:68-92.
[11]李绪宣，李维新，张益明，等．琼东南盆地天然气成藏特征及地震识别技术[J]．中国海上油气，2006，18(2)：79—86．[LI Xu-xuan,LI Wei-xin,ZHANG Yi-ming,et al.Gas accumu- lation characteristics and seismic identification techniques in Qiongdongnan basin[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2006, 18(2):79-86.]
[12]李纯泉，陈红汉，张树林．琼东南盆地压力场及其演化特征[J]．新疆石油地质，2002．23(5)：389—391．[LI Chun-quan，CHEN Hong-han,ZHANG Shu-lin.Pressure field and evo- lution characteristics in Qiongdongnan basin[J].Xinjiang Pe- troleum Geology,2002,23(5):389-391.]
[13]吴能友，张海启，等．南海神狐海域天然气水合物成藏系统初探[J]．天然气工业，2007，27(9)：1-6．[WU Neng-you，ZHANG Hai-qi,et al.Preliminary discussion on natural gas hydrate (NGH) reservoir system of Shenhu area,north slope of South China Sea[J].Natural Gas Industry,2007,27(9): 1-6.]
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