中国大陆科学钻探主孔流体地球化学异常与远强震的关系
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摘要
2001年11月14日发生的昆仑山口西 M_s 8.1级地震和2004年12月26日发生的印度尼西亚苏门答腊 M_s 8.7级地震前后,中国大陆科学钻探(CCSD)主孔流体组成出现明显的异常。两次远强震前后的流体异常幅度很大,并具有相似的演化趋势。异常始于震前2-7天,He、N_2/O_2、He/Ar、N_2/Ar 为负异常,Ar/O_2为正异常。远强震前后流体异常特征与 CCSD附近小震前后流体异常特征具有明显的区别,表明昆仑山口西 M_s 8.1级地震前后和苏门答腊 M_s 8.7级地震前后的 CCSD 主孔流体异常可能与两次远强震相关。认为 CCSD 主孔中的 He、N_2、Ar 是记录远强震的敏感载体,可能记录了震前长周期波传播至 CCSD 主孔时激发的流体变化,反映了震源区的应力变化,也可能反映了区域构造活动乃至地球深部构造活动产生的场兆、源兆信息。
Based on the research of the fluid compositions in the mud of Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Hole,short-term anomalies before and after two distant big earthquakes,the Nov.14,2001 West Pass of Kunlun Mountains Earthquake with M_s 8.1 and the Dec.26,2004 Sumatra-Andeman earthquake with M_s 8.7 (M_w 9.3),were recognized.The values of the concentration of He and the N_2/O_2,He/Ar,N_2/Ar ratios had changed significantly 2-7 days before the two distant earthquakes occurred.The abnormalities of the two earthquakes changed in the similar trends.The abnormalities of the concentration of He and the ratios of N_2/O_2,He/Ar and N_2/Ar show obviously negative,however,the ratio of Ar/O_2 changed reversely.The gas anomalies before and after the two distant earthquakes show very different from those of small earthquakes near the CCSD horehole.The evidence suggests that the concentration and ratio of compositions in the fluid of CCSD might be sensitive to the occurrences of distant strong earthquake.It might be the transmitting of long period wave during the event which triggered the changes of the concentration and ratio of fluid compositions. On the other hand,the anomalies might reflect the focal precursors and field precursors produced by a regional or deep tectonic activity.
Based on the research of the fluid compositions in the mud of Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Hole,short-term anomalies before and after two distant big earthquakes,the Nov.14,2001 West Pass of Kunlun Mountains Earthquake with M_s 8.1 and the Dec.26,2004 Sumatra-Andeman earthquake with M_s 8.7 (M_w 9.3),were recognized.The values of the concentration of He and the N_2/O_2,He/Ar,N_2/Ar ratios had changed significantly 2-7 days before the two distant earthquakes occurred.The abnormalities of the two earthquakes changed in the similar trends.The abnormalities of the concentration of He and the ratios of N_2/O_2,He/Ar and N_2/Ar show obviously negative,however,the ratio of Ar/O_2 changed reversely.The gas anomalies before and after the two distant earthquakes show very different from those of small earthquakes near the CCSD horehole.The evidence suggests that the concentration and ratio of compositions in the fluid of CCSD might be sensitive to the occurrences of distant strong earthquake.It might be the transmitting of long period wave during the event which triggered the changes of the concentration and ratio of fluid compositions. On the other hand,the anomalies might reflect the focal precursors and field precursors produced by a regional or deep tectonic activity.
引文
Bower D R,Heaton K C.1978． Response of an aquifer near Ottawa to tidal forcing and the Alaskan earthquake of 1964． Can.J.Earth Sci.,15:331-340
Brodsky E E,Prejean S G.2005． New constraints on mechanisms of remotely triggered seismicity at long Valley Caldera.J.Geophys.Res.,110:B04302,doi:10． 1029/2004JB003211
Brodsky E E,Roeloffs E,Woodcook D,et al.2003． A mechanism for sustained groundwater pressure changes indoced by distant earthquakes.J.Geophys.Res.,108:2390-2399
Chadha R K,Latha G,Harry Yeh,et al.2005． The tsunami of the great Sumatra earthquake of M 9． 0 on 26 December 2004-Impact on the east coast oflndia.Current Science,88 (8) :1297-1301
Che Yongtai,Gu Yuanzhu,Yu Jinzi,et al.2002． Remole anomal ies of subsurface fluid hefore the M_(?) 8． 1 earthquake in west of Kun lun Moun ta in mouthand the ir significance.Earthquake,22(4) :107-113 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Chen H.1996． Hydrogen isotope fractionation in the evolution of the earth.Scientia Geologica Sinica,31 (3) :238-249 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Chen X Z.2005． The December 26,2004 Indonesia earthquake with M 8． 7 and its effect oo the seismic tendency of the mainland China.Recent Developments in World Seismology,313 (1) :26-30 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Chen Y,Chen Q F.2005． Sumatra earthquake etsunami and its relate geophysical phenomena.Progress in Geophysics,20 (1) :112-117 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Cheng S.1997． Primary probe about both premonitory far-field effect of stong earthquake and possible cause of formation.Sichuan Earthquake,4:15-21(in Chinese with English abstract)
Du Fang,Wu Jiang.2002． Far-fieht anomalies hefore the West Kunlun Mountains earthqoake with M_(?) 8． 1． Earthquake Research in Plateau,14 (1) :52-60(in Chinese with English abstract)
Fan Guiying,Shi Liqin,Li Lansheng.2002． Anomolies recorded by the digital deformation observation instruments at the Xuzhou seismic station prior to the M_(?)8． 1 earthquake of 14 Nov.2001 to the West of the Kunlun Mountains'Pass.Journal of Seismology,22 (2) :7-11 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Feng Z S,Yang C J,Mei W P.2003． The preseismic wave variation of resistivity hour value about the distant and strong earthquakes at Xiuyi Seismic Station.Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research,24 (4) :9-13 (in Chiuese with English abstract)
Gao J Z,Lv Z,Zhang H Y,et al.2005． Progess in the observation and research on earthquake precursor wave.South China Journal of Seismology.25(1) :53-58(in Chinese with English abstract)
Gao X Q,Xu Q L,Wang D,et al.2002． The characteristics of the focal precursors field precursors before moderately strong earthquakes and remote precursors before strong earthquakes and their physical essence.Earthquake,22 (3) :81-88 (in Chinese with English abstract)
http://www,sciencehuman,com/party/expertview/2005/expertview 200501z02． htm(in Chinese)
King C Y,Azuma S,Igarashi G,et al.1999． Earthquake-related water-level changes at 16 closely clustered wells in Tono,central Japan,J.Geophys.Res.,104:13073-13082
King C Y.1986． Gas geochemistry applied to earthquake prediction:an overview.J.Genphys.Res,91:12269-12281
Kingsleyl S P,Biagi P E,Piccolo R,et al.2001． Hydrogeochemical Precursors of Strong earthquakes:A Realistic Possibility in Kamchatka.Phys.Chem.Eurrh (C),26(10-12) :769-774
Lee M,Liu T-K,Ma K-H,et al.2002． Coseismic hydrogical changes associated with dislocation of the September 21,1999 Chichi earthquake,Tai Wan.Geophys.Res.Let.,29(17) :1824-1827
Li D M,Bai X Q,Shi X J,et al.2002． Analysis of precursor wave characters record at Houma station.Shanxi province.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics.22 (3) :75-77 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Li S Q,Sun Q,Luo L Q,Zhan X C.2005． Anomalous fluid compositions in mud of the CCSD main well and their relations to two nearby earthquakes of M_L 3． 9． Geology in China,32 (2) :330-335 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Luo L Q,Sun Q and Zhan X C,2004． 0-2000m fluid profiles and sources in Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Project.Acta Petrologica Sinica.20 (1) :185-192 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Luo L Q.Wang J,Ling S,et al.2004． On line analysis of gases in Chinese continental science drilling project and Identification of fluid identification of fluids from the earth crust.Rock and Mineral Analysis,23 (2) :81-86 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Qiu Yongping,Xia Chaode 2002． The relationship between the anomaly of water temperature in the mineral water well of Ningbo seismographic station and the Salvador earthquake with M_(?) 8． 0． South China Journal of Seismology,12 (3) :80-83 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Qiu Yongping.2003． Relation between water temperature anomaly of Ningbo ZK03 well and the M_(?) 8． 1 earthquake of Kunlun MT.Pass.Inland Earthquake,17 (2) :141-144 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Roeloffs E,Sneed M,Devin L,et al.2003． Water-level changes induced by local and distant earthquakes at Long Valley caldera,California.Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research,127:269-303
Hoeloffs E.1998． Persistent water level changes in a well near Parkfield,California,due to local and distant earthquakes.J.Geophys.Res.,103:869-889
Sugisaki R.Takamori Ito,Nagamine K,et al.1996． Gas geochemical changes at mineral springs associated with the 1995 southern Hyogo earthquake (M=7． 21) ,Japan.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,139:239-249
Sun Q,Li S Q,Luo L Q.2005． Geochemistry of some fluid compositions in the mud of CCSD main well and their relations to seismicity.Earthquake,25(1) :15-21(in Chinese with English abstract)
Sun Q,Luo L Q,Li S Q.2004． N_2-Ar-He compositions in the mud0-2000m mud of Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling hole.Acta Petrologica Sinica.20 (1) :179-184 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Thomas D.1988． Geochemical precursors to seismic activity.Pure Appl.Geophys.126:241-266
Wang Dao.1995． Present statas and future progress of the seismic precursory research on subsurface fluid in Tianshan region of Xinjiang.Inland Earthquake,9 (2) :137-149 (in Chiuese with English ahstract)
Wang Zanjun,Dang Guangming,Zhang Ruibin,et al.2002． Types and characteristics of the surface rupture of the West Kunlun Mountains earthquake with M.8． 1． Earthquake Research in Plateau,14 (1) :17-251 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Xu Zhaoyong,Mei Shirong,Yang Runhai,et al.2001． Experimental study of the precursor in Far and ultra-far field.Journal of Seismological Research,24 (4) :332-338 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Yang Y L.Zhao G M,Gao G Y,et al.The slow earthquake Event occuring before West to Kunlun Mountain Pass earthquake of M_(?) 8． 1 on November 14,2001． Recent Developments in World Seismology,9:1-4(in Chinese with English ahstract)
Zheng J R.Xu G M.Li H Y.et al.2005． Analysis of the coseismic effects on Jiangsu Province of the M 8． 7,Indonesia,Earthquake of Dec.26,2004． Journal of Disater Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,25 (1) :105-113 (in Chinese with English abstract)
车用太,谷元珠,鱼金子等.2002． 昆仑山口西 M_s8． 1地震前地下流体的远场异常及其意义.地震,22(4) :107-113
陈辉.1996． 氢在地球演化过程中的同位素分馏.地质科学,31(3) :238-249
陈学忠.2005． 2004年12月26日印尼8． 7级地震及其对我国大陆地震趋势的影响.国际地震动态,313(1) :26-30
陈颙,陈棋福.2005． 印尼地震海啸及其相关的地球物理现象.地球物理学进展,20(1) :112-117
程式.1997． 前兆观测中的远场效啦及成因机制的初步探讨.四川地震,4:15-21
杜方,吴江.2002． 昆仑山口西8． 1级地震远场异常.高原地震,14(1) :52-60
范桂英,拾礼勤,李兰生.2002． 2001年11月14日昆仑山西8． 1级大震前徐州台数字化形变观测仪器记录的异常.地震学刊.22(2) :7-11
冯志生,杨从杰,梅卫萍等.2003． 新沂台地电阻率整点值的远大震前驱波变.地震地磁观测与研究,24(4) :9-13
高金哲,吕政,张洪艳等.2005． 地震前驱波观测与研究进展.华南地震.25(1) :53-58
高小其,许秋龙,王道等.2002． 地下流体中强震源兆、场兆和强震远兆特征及其物理成因.地震,22(3) :81-88
李冬梅,白晓勤,施行觉,等.2002． 山西侯马台记录到的强远震前兆波特征浅析.大地测量与地球动力学,22(3) :75-77
李圣强,孙青,罗立强,詹秀春.2005． 中国大陆科学钻探主孔流体异常与其附近2次 M_L 3． 9级地震的关系.中国地质,32(2) :330-335
罗立强.孙青,詹秀春.2004． 中国大陆科学钻探主孔0-2000米流体制面及流体地球化学研究.岩石学报,20(1) :185-192
罗立强,王健,李松,等.2004． 中国大陆科学钻探现场分析与地下流体异常识别.岩矿测试,23(2) :81-86
邱永平.夏超德.2002． 宁波台矿泉井水温异常与萨尔瓦多8． 0级地震的关系.华南地震,12(3) :80-83
邱永平.2003． 宁波 ZK03井水温异常与昆仑山亡口西8． 1级地震的关系.内陆地震,17(2) :141-144
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孙青,罗立强,李圣强.2004． 中国大陆科学钻探主孔0-2000米的 N_2、 Ar 和 He 流体地球化学.岩石学报,20(1) :179-184
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Brodsky E E,Prejean S G.2005． New constraints on mechanisms of remotely triggered seismicity at long Valley Caldera.J.Geophys.Res.,110:B04302,doi:10． 1029/2004JB003211
Brodsky E E,Roeloffs E,Woodcook D,et al.2003． A mechanism for sustained groundwater pressure changes indoced by distant earthquakes.J.Geophys.Res.,108:2390-2399
Chadha R K,Latha G,Harry Yeh,et al.2005． The tsunami of the great Sumatra earthquake of M 9． 0 on 26 December 2004-Impact on the east coast oflndia.Current Science,88 (8) :1297-1301
Che Yongtai,Gu Yuanzhu,Yu Jinzi,et al.2002． Remole anomal ies of subsurface fluid hefore the M_(?) 8． 1 earthquake in west of Kun lun Moun ta in mouthand the ir significance.Earthquake,22(4) :107-113 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Chen H.1996． Hydrogen isotope fractionation in the evolution of the earth.Scientia Geologica Sinica,31 (3) :238-249 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Chen X Z.2005． The December 26,2004 Indonesia earthquake with M 8． 7 and its effect oo the seismic tendency of the mainland China.Recent Developments in World Seismology,313 (1) :26-30 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Chen Y,Chen Q F.2005． Sumatra earthquake etsunami and its relate geophysical phenomena.Progress in Geophysics,20 (1) :112-117 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Cheng S.1997． Primary probe about both premonitory far-field effect of stong earthquake and possible cause of formation.Sichuan Earthquake,4:15-21(in Chinese with English abstract)
Du Fang,Wu Jiang.2002． Far-fieht anomalies hefore the West Kunlun Mountains earthqoake with M_(?) 8． 1． Earthquake Research in Plateau,14 (1) :52-60(in Chinese with English abstract)
Fan Guiying,Shi Liqin,Li Lansheng.2002． Anomolies recorded by the digital deformation observation instruments at the Xuzhou seismic station prior to the M_(?)8． 1 earthquake of 14 Nov.2001 to the West of the Kunlun Mountains'Pass.Journal of Seismology,22 (2) :7-11 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Feng Z S,Yang C J,Mei W P.2003． The preseismic wave variation of resistivity hour value about the distant and strong earthquakes at Xiuyi Seismic Station.Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research,24 (4) :9-13 (in Chiuese with English abstract)
Gao J Z,Lv Z,Zhang H Y,et al.2005． Progess in the observation and research on earthquake precursor wave.South China Journal of Seismology.25(1) :53-58(in Chinese with English abstract)
Gao X Q,Xu Q L,Wang D,et al.2002． The characteristics of the focal precursors field precursors before moderately strong earthquakes and remote precursors before strong earthquakes and their physical essence.Earthquake,22 (3) :81-88 (in Chinese with English abstract)
http://www,sciencehuman,com/party/expertview/2005/expertview 200501z02． htm(in Chinese)
King C Y,Azuma S,Igarashi G,et al.1999． Earthquake-related water-level changes at 16 closely clustered wells in Tono,central Japan,J.Geophys.Res.,104:13073-13082
King C Y.1986． Gas geochemistry applied to earthquake prediction:an overview.J.Genphys.Res,91:12269-12281
Kingsleyl S P,Biagi P E,Piccolo R,et al.2001． Hydrogeochemical Precursors of Strong earthquakes:A Realistic Possibility in Kamchatka.Phys.Chem.Eurrh (C),26(10-12) :769-774
Lee M,Liu T-K,Ma K-H,et al.2002． Coseismic hydrogical changes associated with dislocation of the September 21,1999 Chichi earthquake,Tai Wan.Geophys.Res.Let.,29(17) :1824-1827
Li D M,Bai X Q,Shi X J,et al.2002． Analysis of precursor wave characters record at Houma station.Shanxi province.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics.22 (3) :75-77 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Li S Q,Sun Q,Luo L Q,Zhan X C.2005． Anomalous fluid compositions in mud of the CCSD main well and their relations to two nearby earthquakes of M_L 3． 9． Geology in China,32 (2) :330-335 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Luo L Q,Sun Q and Zhan X C,2004． 0-2000m fluid profiles and sources in Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Project.Acta Petrologica Sinica.20 (1) :185-192 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Luo L Q.Wang J,Ling S,et al.2004． On line analysis of gases in Chinese continental science drilling project and Identification of fluid identification of fluids from the earth crust.Rock and Mineral Analysis,23 (2) :81-86 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Qiu Yongping,Xia Chaode 2002． The relationship between the anomaly of water temperature in the mineral water well of Ningbo seismographic station and the Salvador earthquake with M_(?) 8． 0． South China Journal of Seismology,12 (3) :80-83 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Qiu Yongping.2003． Relation between water temperature anomaly of Ningbo ZK03 well and the M_(?) 8． 1 earthquake of Kunlun MT.Pass.Inland Earthquake,17 (2) :141-144 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Roeloffs E,Sneed M,Devin L,et al.2003． Water-level changes induced by local and distant earthquakes at Long Valley caldera,California.Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research,127:269-303
Hoeloffs E.1998． Persistent water level changes in a well near Parkfield,California,due to local and distant earthquakes.J.Geophys.Res.,103:869-889
Sugisaki R.Takamori Ito,Nagamine K,et al.1996． Gas geochemical changes at mineral springs associated with the 1995 southern Hyogo earthquake (M=7． 21) ,Japan.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,139:239-249
Sun Q,Li S Q,Luo L Q.2005． Geochemistry of some fluid compositions in the mud of CCSD main well and their relations to seismicity.Earthquake,25(1) :15-21(in Chinese with English abstract)
Sun Q,Luo L Q,Li S Q.2004． N_2-Ar-He compositions in the mud0-2000m mud of Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling hole.Acta Petrologica Sinica.20 (1) :179-184 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Thomas D.1988． Geochemical precursors to seismic activity.Pure Appl.Geophys.126:241-266
Wang Dao.1995． Present statas and future progress of the seismic precursory research on subsurface fluid in Tianshan region of Xinjiang.Inland Earthquake,9 (2) :137-149 (in Chiuese with English ahstract)
Wang Zanjun,Dang Guangming,Zhang Ruibin,et al.2002． Types and characteristics of the surface rupture of the West Kunlun Mountains earthquake with M.8． 1． Earthquake Research in Plateau,14 (1) :17-251 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Xu Zhaoyong,Mei Shirong,Yang Runhai,et al.2001． Experimental study of the precursor in Far and ultra-far field.Journal of Seismological Research,24 (4) :332-338 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Yang Y L.Zhao G M,Gao G Y,et al.The slow earthquake Event occuring before West to Kunlun Mountain Pass earthquake of M_(?) 8． 1 on November 14,2001． Recent Developments in World Seismology,9:1-4(in Chinese with English ahstract)
Zheng J R.Xu G M.Li H Y.et al.2005． Analysis of the coseismic effects on Jiangsu Province of the M 8． 7,Indonesia,Earthquake of Dec.26,2004． Journal of Disater Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,25 (1) :105-113 (in Chinese with English abstract)
车用太,谷元珠,鱼金子等.2002． 昆仑山口西 M_s8． 1地震前地下流体的远场异常及其意义.地震,22(4) :107-113
陈辉.1996． 氢在地球演化过程中的同位素分馏.地质科学,31(3) :238-249
陈学忠.2005． 2004年12月26日印尼8． 7级地震及其对我国大陆地震趋势的影响.国际地震动态,313(1) :26-30
陈颙,陈棋福.2005． 印尼地震海啸及其相关的地球物理现象.地球物理学进展,20(1) :112-117
程式.1997． 前兆观测中的远场效啦及成因机制的初步探讨.四川地震,4:15-21
杜方,吴江.2002． 昆仑山口西8． 1级地震远场异常.高原地震,14(1) :52-60
范桂英,拾礼勤,李兰生.2002． 2001年11月14日昆仑山西8． 1级大震前徐州台数字化形变观测仪器记录的异常.地震学刊.22(2) :7-11
冯志生,杨从杰,梅卫萍等.2003． 新沂台地电阻率整点值的远大震前驱波变.地震地磁观测与研究,24(4) :9-13
高金哲,吕政,张洪艳等.2005． 地震前驱波观测与研究进展.华南地震.25(1) :53-58
高小其,许秋龙,王道等.2002． 地下流体中强震源兆、场兆和强震远兆特征及其物理成因.地震,22(3) :81-88
李冬梅,白晓勤,施行觉,等.2002． 山西侯马台记录到的强远震前兆波特征浅析.大地测量与地球动力学,22(3) :75-77
李圣强,孙青,罗立强,詹秀春.2005． 中国大陆科学钻探主孔流体异常与其附近2次 M_L 3． 9级地震的关系.中国地质,32(2) :330-335
罗立强.孙青,詹秀春.2004． 中国大陆科学钻探主孔0-2000米流体制面及流体地球化学研究.岩石学报,20(1) :185-192
罗立强,王健,李松,等.2004． 中国大陆科学钻探现场分析与地下流体异常识别.岩矿测试,23(2) :81-86
邱永平.夏超德.2002． 宁波台矿泉井水温异常与萨尔瓦多8． 0级地震的关系.华南地震,12(3) :80-83
邱永平.2003． 宁波 ZK03井水温异常与昆仑山亡口西8． 1级地震的关系.内陆地震,17(2) :141-144
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