福建深沪湾地区晚更新世中晚期以来的地壳运动
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摘要
研究表明 ,深沪湾地区晚更新世早中期地壳运动以下沉为主 ,沉积了冲洪积含砾砂粘土层。晚更新世中晚期以来地壳先升后降 ,近 15 0 0aB .P .以来地壳较为稳定。在 (2 5 5 80± 2 4 90 )～15 4 6 0aB .P .期间 ,该区地壳与水动型海平面大致同步升高 ,上升幅度为 8m左右 ,速率达 0 .78mm/a ,深沪湾内生长了古牡蛎。 15 4 6 0～ 110 0 0aB .P .期间 ,该区地壳快速上升 ,上升幅度超过 10m ,速率超过 2mm/a ,形成多个由晚更新世含砾砂粘土构成的低凹洼地 ,古牡蛎滩成为台地。其后地壳稳定 ,在低凹洼地内生长了古森林。 70 0 0aB .P .深沪湾发生了由强古地震导致的地壳快速下沉 ,古森林生长的凹陷洼地变成泻湖环境 ,古牡蛎滩台地与海面很接近。 2 0 0 0aB .P .左右 ,深沪湾又一次发生由强古地震导致的地壳快速下沉 ,古森林下沉到更深的海底 ,古牡蛎滩回到潮间带海域
Crustal movement in Shenhuwan Bay area during the early and middle stages of late Pleistocene was dominated by subsidence, resulting in the deposition of alluvial and fluvial gravel-bearing sandy clays. Since the middle stage of late Pleistocene, crustal movement here has been characterized by uplift followed by subsidence. In the past 1 500 years, the crust was relatively stable. During the time period of 25.58± 2.49ka～15.46ka B.P., the crustal movement in Shenhuwan Bay was characterized by uplift simultaneous with the eustatic change of sea-level. The amplitude of uplift reached up to 8m, and the rate of uplift was about 0.78mm/yr. During that time, the coastal environment was relatively stable, and oysters were growing in Shenhuwan Bay. In 15.46～11.00ka B.P., however, the crust in Shenhuwan Bay was rapidly uplifted. The amplitude of uplift reached up to 10m or more, while the rate of uplift reached up to 2mm/yr. In that period, the Shenhuwan Bay had possibly experienced sudden uplift caused by strong earthquakes, resulting in the rapid escape of the ancient oyster bank from the tidal zone to avoid wave erosion. At that time, several low-lying depressions filled with late Pleistocene gravel-bearing sandy clays were formed in the Shenhuwan Bay, while the ancient oyster bank had become a tableland. Afterward, the crust tended to be stable, and forest was flourishing in the low-lying land of the Shenhuwan Bay. At 7 000yr B.P. a sudden crustal subsidence had occurred in the Shenhuwan Bay due to a strong earthquake, which caused the transformation of low-lying land into the lagoon environment, and hence the ancient oyster bank became closer to the sea level. Since 2,800yr B.P. the Shenhuwan Bay had been slightly uplifted again, and the lagoon had become land. A strong earthquake occurred at 2 000yr B.P. had given rise to the sudden crustal subsidence in Shenhuwan Bay, causing the submergence of the ancient forest into a deeper sea bottom, and the return of the ancient oyster bank to the tidal zone or offshore. It is concluded that in the past 45,000 years, the Shenhuwan Bay had experienced a complicated process including subsidence-uplift-sudden uplift-stable-sudden subsidence-stable-slight uplift-sudden subsidence-stable, and at least 3 strong paleoearthquakes. It seems that the Shenhuwan Bay had experienced 3 times of land-forming and 3 times of sea-forming processes.
Crustal movement in Shenhuwan Bay area during the early and middle stages of late Pleistocene was dominated by subsidence, resulting in the deposition of alluvial and fluvial gravel-bearing sandy clays. Since the middle stage of late Pleistocene, crustal movement here has been characterized by uplift followed by subsidence. In the past 1 500 years, the crust was relatively stable. During the time period of 25.58± 2.49ka～15.46ka B.P., the crustal movement in Shenhuwan Bay was characterized by uplift simultaneous with the eustatic change of sea-level. The amplitude of uplift reached up to 8m, and the rate of uplift was about 0.78mm/yr. During that time, the coastal environment was relatively stable, and oysters were growing in Shenhuwan Bay. In 15.46～11.00ka B.P., however, the crust in Shenhuwan Bay was rapidly uplifted. The amplitude of uplift reached up to 10m or more, while the rate of uplift reached up to 2mm/yr. In that period, the Shenhuwan Bay had possibly experienced sudden uplift caused by strong earthquakes, resulting in the rapid escape of the ancient oyster bank from the tidal zone to avoid wave erosion. At that time, several low-lying depressions filled with late Pleistocene gravel-bearing sandy clays were formed in the Shenhuwan Bay, while the ancient oyster bank had become a tableland. Afterward, the crust tended to be stable, and forest was flourishing in the low-lying land of the Shenhuwan Bay. At 7 000yr B.P. a sudden crustal subsidence had occurred in the Shenhuwan Bay due to a strong earthquake, which caused the transformation of low-lying land into the lagoon environment, and hence the ancient oyster bank became closer to the sea level. Since 2,800yr B.P. the Shenhuwan Bay had been slightly uplifted again, and the lagoon had become land. A strong earthquake occurred at 2 000yr B.P. had given rise to the sudden crustal subsidence in Shenhuwan Bay, causing the submergence of the ancient forest into a deeper sea bottom, and the return of the ancient oyster bank to the tidal zone or offshore. It is concluded that in the past 45,000 years, the Shenhuwan Bay had experienced a complicated process including subsidence-uplift-sudden uplift-stable-sudden subsidence-stable-slight uplift-sudden subsidence-stable, and at least 3 strong paleoearthquakes. It seems that the Shenhuwan Bay had experienced 3 times of land-forming and 3 times of sea-forming processes.
引文
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何昭星,姚庆元.1990.厦门港的形成与演变〔J〕.台湾海峡,9(1):34～42.
HEZhao xing,YAOQing yuan.1990.FormationandevolutionoftheYuandangganginXiamen,Fujian〔J〕.Jour nalofOceanographyinTaiwanStrait,9(1):34～42(inChinese).
巫锡良.1987.福建沿海晚更新世以来的海平面变化与新构造运动与地震活动〔J〕.华南地震,7(3):3～10.
WUXi liang.1987.Sealevelchanges,neotectonismandseismicitysincelatePleistocenealongthecoastalareasofFujianProvince〔J〕.SouthChinaJournalofSeismology,7(3):3～10(inChinese).
徐起浩,冯炎基,杜文树.1987.福建深沪湾发现晚更新世牡蛎贝壳海滩岩〔J〕.海洋地质与第四纪地质,7(4):38.
XUQi hao,FENGYan ji,DUWen shu.1987.LatePleistoceneostreabeachrockhasbeendiscoveredintheinter tidalzoneoftheShenhuBay,Fujian〔J〕.MarineGeologyandQuaternaryGeology,4(4):38(inChinese).
徐起浩,彭承光,王业新,等.1989.关于沉东京传说的史学、社会学与地学的综合考辨〔A〕.泉州文史,总(10):53～64.
XUQi hao,PENGCheng guang,WANGYe xin,etal.1989.Asyntheticalinvestigationofhistoricalscience,soci ologyandgeologywithregardtothe“SinkDongjing”City〔A〕.QuangzhouLiteratureandHistory,(10):53～64(inChinese).
王明亮,许志峰,洪阿实.1991.深沪湾古森林遗址和牡蛎礁14C年代〔J〕.台湾海峡,10(1):101～102.
WANGMing lang,XUZhi feng,HONGA shi.Radlocarbondatingofpaloeo forestremainsandoysterreefinShen huwanBay.Fujian〔J〕.JournalofOceangraphyinTaiwanStrait,10(1):101～102(inChinese).
徐起浩,冯炎基.1994.福建深沪湾海底古森林及晚更新世牡蛎滩遗迹介绍〔J〕.地震地质,16(4):344～345.
XUqi hao,FENGYan ji.1994.RelicsoftheancientforestandthelatePleistoceneoysterbeachattheseabottomoftheShenhuwanBay,FujianProvince〔J〕.SeismologyandGeology,16(4):344～345(inChinese).
徐起浩.1996.最末盛冰期-100m以下最低海平面质疑〔J〕.海洋科学,(5):68～69.
XUQi hao.1996.Hadbeenexistedthesealevel-100mduringlatestculminationiceage〔J〕.MarineSciences,(5):68～69(inChinese).
徐起浩,冯炎基.1997.广东中山晚更新世最早海浸层与水动型海平面变化〔J〕.地震地质,19(1):91～95.
XUQi hao,FENGYan ji.1997.TheearliesttransgressionlayersincelatePleistoceneinZhongshanCityofGuang dongProvinceand“Eustatic”sealevelChanges〔J〕.SeismologyandGeology,19(1):91～95(inChinese).
徐起浩.2001.深沪湾新发现的海底古森林遗迹的分布及植物学年代学特征〔J〕.海洋科学,25(2):46～49.
XUQi hao.2001.Theplantkingdomandagepropertyofthepalaeo forestvestigewhicharediscoveredresentlyonShenhuwanGulf〔J〕.MarineSciences,25(2):46～49(inChinese).
徐起浩,冯炎基.2000.深沪湾古森林沉没海底前生长的古凹陷环境〔J〕.南京师范大学学报(自然科学版,应用第四纪专集),23(4):164～169.
XUQi hao,FENGYan ji.2000.ThePalaeo hollow,troughenvironmentonwhichthePalaeo forestweregrowinginShenhuwanbeforetheywereSunkinbottomofthesea〔J〕.JournalofNanjingNormalUniversity(NaturalScience)(SpecialcollectedworksofappliedQuaternaryScience),23(4):164～169(inChinese).
徐起浩,冯炎基,施建生.2001.导致古森林沉没于海的福建深沪湾强古地震研究〔J〕.地震地质,23(3):367～380.
XUQi hao,FENGYan ji,SHIJian sheng.2001.Researchofpalaeo earthquakethatcausedtheSubsidenceofPalaeo forestontheSeafloorinShenhuwanBay,FujianProvince〔J〕.SeismologyandGeology,23(3):367～380(inChinese).
徐起浩,冯炎基.1990.深沪湾晚更新世以来的古气候,古海平面与地壳升降运动〔J〕.台湾海峡,9(3):231～238.
XUQi hao,FENGYan ji.1990.Palaeo climate,palaeo sealevelandcrustalmovementofShenhuwanBayofFujianProvincesincelatePleistocene〔J〕.JournalofOceanographyinTaiwanStrait,9(3):231～238(inChinese).
杨建明.1988.福建沿岸晚更新世末次海浸及其海平面的变化〔J〕.海洋科学,(5):5～9.
YANGJian ming.1988.ThelastmarinetransgressionandsealevelchangesalongtheFujiancoastduringlatePleis tocene〔J〕.MarineSciences,(5):5～9(inChinese).
姚庆元,张虎男,张景文.1985.闽南沿海晚更新世地层的初步研究〔J〕.地震地质,7(4):32～39.
YAOqing yuan,ZHANGHu nan,ZHANGJing wen.1985.ApreliminarystudyonthelatePleistocenestratigra phyalongthecoastalareasofSouthernFujian〔J〕.SeismologyandGeology,7(4):32～39(inChinese).
姚庆元,何昭星,庄进跃.1988.厦门岛晚第四纪沉积层的划分与海平面变化的关系〔J〕.华南地震,8(4):25～34.
YAOQing yuan,HEZhao xing,ZHUANGJin yue.1988.SubdivisionofthelateQuaternarysedimentarylayerinXiamenIslandanditsrelationshipwiththevariationofsealavel〔J〕.SouthChinaJournalofSeismology,8(4):25～33(inChinese).
俞鸣同,王绍鸿,赵希涛.2000.福建深沪湾牡蛎礁的测量与研究新进展〔J〕.第四纪研究,20(6):568.
YUMing tong,WANGShao hong,ZHAOXi tao.2000.SurveyandstudyontheoysterreefinShenhuwanBay,FujianProvince〔J〕.QuaternarySciences,20(3):568(inChinese).
张景文,李桂英,赵希涛.1982.闽南、粤东沿海晚第四纪地层与新构造运动的年代学研究〔J〕.地震地质,9(3):27～35.
ZHANGJing wen,LIGui ying,ZHAOXi tao.1982.ChronologicalStudiesonthelateQuatemarystratigraphyandneotectonicmovementalongthecoastalareaofsouthFujianandeastGuangdong〔J〕.SeismologyandGeology,9(3):27～35(inChinese).
张虎男,陈伟光,赵红梅,等.1986.14C年代学在华南沿海地震工作中的应用〔J〕.华南地震,6(2):17～29.
ZHANGHu nan,CHENWei guang,ZHAOHong mei,etal.1986.Applicationof14Cchronologytoseismogeolog icalresearchofCoastlandofSouthChina〔J〕.SouthChinaJournalofSeismology,6(2):17～29(inChinese).
张明书,李绍全,刘健.1994.中国海岸带晚第四纪地质研究中的问题与进展〔J〕.海洋地质与第四纪地质,14(3):61～67.
ZHANGMing shu,LIShao quan,LIUJian.1994.DevelopmentsandprobiemsofthestudiesonlateQuaternarygeologyincoastalzoneofChina〔J〕.MarineGeologyandQuaternaryGeology,14(3):61～67(inChinese).
XUQi hao,HUANGZheng guo.1993.ElevationdistributionoflittoralfaciessedimentsduringtheculminationofthelatesticeandearthquakesinSoutheastChinaCoastwithcallingoftheviewpointofthelowestglobalsealevel-100mintoquestion〔J〕.ScientiaGeologicaSinica,2(3):369～378.
CHENYuan tian,WANGZhi peng,HUANGQing tuan,etal.1998.Downfaultedbasin,plain,bayandearth quakesofcoastlandinFujianProvince〔J〕.CrustalDeformationandEarthquake,18(4):55～61(inChinese).
何昭星,姚庆元.1990.厦门港的形成与演变〔J〕.台湾海峡,9(1):34～42.
HEZhao xing,YAOQing yuan.1990.FormationandevolutionoftheYuandangganginXiamen,Fujian〔J〕.Jour nalofOceanographyinTaiwanStrait,9(1):34～42(inChinese).
巫锡良.1987.福建沿海晚更新世以来的海平面变化与新构造运动与地震活动〔J〕.华南地震,7(3):3～10.
WUXi liang.1987.Sealevelchanges,neotectonismandseismicitysincelatePleistocenealongthecoastalareasofFujianProvince〔J〕.SouthChinaJournalofSeismology,7(3):3～10(inChinese).
徐起浩,冯炎基,杜文树.1987.福建深沪湾发现晚更新世牡蛎贝壳海滩岩〔J〕.海洋地质与第四纪地质,7(4):38.
XUQi hao,FENGYan ji,DUWen shu.1987.LatePleistoceneostreabeachrockhasbeendiscoveredintheinter tidalzoneoftheShenhuBay,Fujian〔J〕.MarineGeologyandQuaternaryGeology,4(4):38(inChinese).
徐起浩,彭承光,王业新,等.1989.关于沉东京传说的史学、社会学与地学的综合考辨〔A〕.泉州文史,总(10):53～64.
XUQi hao,PENGCheng guang,WANGYe xin,etal.1989.Asyntheticalinvestigationofhistoricalscience,soci ologyandgeologywithregardtothe“SinkDongjing”City〔A〕.QuangzhouLiteratureandHistory,(10):53～64(inChinese).
王明亮,许志峰,洪阿实.1991.深沪湾古森林遗址和牡蛎礁14C年代〔J〕.台湾海峡,10(1):101～102.
WANGMing lang,XUZhi feng,HONGA shi.Radlocarbondatingofpaloeo forestremainsandoysterreefinShen huwanBay.Fujian〔J〕.JournalofOceangraphyinTaiwanStrait,10(1):101～102(inChinese).
徐起浩,冯炎基.1994.福建深沪湾海底古森林及晚更新世牡蛎滩遗迹介绍〔J〕.地震地质,16(4):344～345.
XUqi hao,FENGYan ji.1994.RelicsoftheancientforestandthelatePleistoceneoysterbeachattheseabottomoftheShenhuwanBay,FujianProvince〔J〕.SeismologyandGeology,16(4):344～345(inChinese).
徐起浩.1996.最末盛冰期-100m以下最低海平面质疑〔J〕.海洋科学,(5):68～69.
XUQi hao.1996.Hadbeenexistedthesealevel-100mduringlatestculminationiceage〔J〕.MarineSciences,(5):68～69(inChinese).
徐起浩,冯炎基.1997.广东中山晚更新世最早海浸层与水动型海平面变化〔J〕.地震地质,19(1):91～95.
XUQi hao,FENGYan ji.1997.TheearliesttransgressionlayersincelatePleistoceneinZhongshanCityofGuang dongProvinceand“Eustatic”sealevelChanges〔J〕.SeismologyandGeology,19(1):91～95(inChinese).
徐起浩.2001.深沪湾新发现的海底古森林遗迹的分布及植物学年代学特征〔J〕.海洋科学,25(2):46～49.
XUQi hao.2001.Theplantkingdomandagepropertyofthepalaeo forestvestigewhicharediscoveredresentlyonShenhuwanGulf〔J〕.MarineSciences,25(2):46～49(inChinese).
徐起浩,冯炎基.2000.深沪湾古森林沉没海底前生长的古凹陷环境〔J〕.南京师范大学学报(自然科学版,应用第四纪专集),23(4):164～169.
XUQi hao,FENGYan ji.2000.ThePalaeo hollow,troughenvironmentonwhichthePalaeo forestweregrowinginShenhuwanbeforetheywereSunkinbottomofthesea〔J〕.JournalofNanjingNormalUniversity(NaturalScience)(SpecialcollectedworksofappliedQuaternaryScience),23(4):164～169(inChinese).
徐起浩,冯炎基,施建生.2001.导致古森林沉没于海的福建深沪湾强古地震研究〔J〕.地震地质,23(3):367～380.
XUQi hao,FENGYan ji,SHIJian sheng.2001.Researchofpalaeo earthquakethatcausedtheSubsidenceofPalaeo forestontheSeafloorinShenhuwanBay,FujianProvince〔J〕.SeismologyandGeology,23(3):367～380(inChinese).
徐起浩,冯炎基.1990.深沪湾晚更新世以来的古气候,古海平面与地壳升降运动〔J〕.台湾海峡,9(3):231～238.
XUQi hao,FENGYan ji.1990.Palaeo climate,palaeo sealevelandcrustalmovementofShenhuwanBayofFujianProvincesincelatePleistocene〔J〕.JournalofOceanographyinTaiwanStrait,9(3):231～238(inChinese).
杨建明.1988.福建沿岸晚更新世末次海浸及其海平面的变化〔J〕.海洋科学,(5):5～9.
YANGJian ming.1988.ThelastmarinetransgressionandsealevelchangesalongtheFujiancoastduringlatePleis tocene〔J〕.MarineSciences,(5):5～9(inChinese).
姚庆元,张虎男,张景文.1985.闽南沿海晚更新世地层的初步研究〔J〕.地震地质,7(4):32～39.
YAOqing yuan,ZHANGHu nan,ZHANGJing wen.1985.ApreliminarystudyonthelatePleistocenestratigra phyalongthecoastalareasofSouthernFujian〔J〕.SeismologyandGeology,7(4):32～39(inChinese).
姚庆元,何昭星,庄进跃.1988.厦门岛晚第四纪沉积层的划分与海平面变化的关系〔J〕.华南地震,8(4):25～34.
YAOQing yuan,HEZhao xing,ZHUANGJin yue.1988.SubdivisionofthelateQuaternarysedimentarylayerinXiamenIslandanditsrelationshipwiththevariationofsealavel〔J〕.SouthChinaJournalofSeismology,8(4):25～33(inChinese).
俞鸣同,王绍鸿,赵希涛.2000.福建深沪湾牡蛎礁的测量与研究新进展〔J〕.第四纪研究,20(6):568.
YUMing tong,WANGShao hong,ZHAOXi tao.2000.SurveyandstudyontheoysterreefinShenhuwanBay,FujianProvince〔J〕.QuaternarySciences,20(3):568(inChinese).
张景文,李桂英,赵希涛.1982.闽南、粤东沿海晚第四纪地层与新构造运动的年代学研究〔J〕.地震地质,9(3):27～35.
ZHANGJing wen,LIGui ying,ZHAOXi tao.1982.ChronologicalStudiesonthelateQuatemarystratigraphyandneotectonicmovementalongthecoastalareaofsouthFujianandeastGuangdong〔J〕.SeismologyandGeology,9(3):27～35(inChinese).
张虎男,陈伟光,赵红梅,等.1986.14C年代学在华南沿海地震工作中的应用〔J〕.华南地震,6(2):17～29.
ZHANGHu nan,CHENWei guang,ZHAOHong mei,etal.1986.Applicationof14Cchronologytoseismogeolog icalresearchofCoastlandofSouthChina〔J〕.SouthChinaJournalofSeismology,6(2):17～29(inChinese).
张明书,李绍全,刘健.1994.中国海岸带晚第四纪地质研究中的问题与进展〔J〕.海洋地质与第四纪地质,14(3):61～67.
ZHANGMing shu,LIShao quan,LIUJian.1994.DevelopmentsandprobiemsofthestudiesonlateQuaternarygeologyincoastalzoneofChina〔J〕.MarineGeologyandQuaternaryGeology,14(3):61～67(inChinese).
XUQi hao,HUANGZheng guo.1993.ElevationdistributionoflittoralfaciessedimentsduringtheculminationofthelatesticeandearthquakesinSoutheastChinaCoastwithcallingoftheviewpointofthelowestglobalsealevel-100mintoquestion〔J〕.ScientiaGeologicaSinica,2(3):369～378.
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