汕头市大陆海岸的主要地质灾害
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摘要
在汕头市海岸勘察的基础上分析了该区地震、河口堆积、海岸侵蚀、风沙和风暴潮等几类主要的地质灾害。这些灾害已危害当地人类经济活动与生活。该区存在着孕育6~7级地震的地质构造背景,至今尚处于当地地震第二活动周期内,防震抗震的措施是必要的。随着全球变暖、海平面上升与风暴潮加剧,该区已出现了海岸侵蚀。过度垦殖造成风沙活动掩埋一些耕地与建筑物。非法的、无序的采沙造成某些海滩侵蚀严重。处于韩江河口高速堆积环境的汕头港口航道,淤积严重。地方政府必须加强对海岸带的整治与管理。
On the basis of the coastal investigations in Shantou City, some primary geological hazards, including earthquake, estuarine deposit, coastal erosion, storm surge and wind-drift sand, are analyzed in the paper. It is found that there is tectonic background with earthquake of magnitude 6–7 in the area, and up to now it still is in the local second period of seismic activity. So it is necessary for the area to take precautions against earthquake disasters. With global warming, sea level rising and storm surge intensifying, the coastal erosion is exacerbated. Some cultivated lands and buildings have been buried by wind-drift sand due to overreclamation. Some beaches have been eroded because of illegal sand-picking. The harbour waterways of Shantou Port have been silted seriously under the high speed deposit environment around the Hanjiang River mouth. So, it is considered that the management of the coastal zone in Shantou should be strengthened.
On the basis of the coastal investigations in Shantou City, some primary geological hazards, including earthquake, estuarine deposit, coastal erosion, storm surge and wind-drift sand, are analyzed in the paper. It is found that there is tectonic background with earthquake of magnitude 6–7 in the area, and up to now it still is in the local second period of seismic activity. So it is necessary for the area to take precautions against earthquake disasters. With global warming, sea level rising and storm surge intensifying, the coastal erosion is exacerbated. Some cultivated lands and buildings have been buried by wind-drift sand due to overreclamation. Some beaches have been eroded because of illegal sand-picking. The harbour waterways of Shantou Port have been silted seriously under the high speed deposit environment around the Hanjiang River mouth. So, it is considered that the management of the coastal zone in Shantou should be strengthened.
引文
①汕头市海洋功能区划工作组,汕头市海洋功能区划.汕头市海洋与渔业局印,2006。
②许向勤.汕头市及邻区地震基本烈度和区域地震地质构造概况.汕头市地震局2006年12月印。
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[12]孙金龙,徐辉龙,吴鹏,等.粤东南澳岛——澄海海域晚第四纪沉积特征和沉积环境演变[J].热带海洋学报,2007,26(3):30–36.
[13]谭林,江文玉.人与大海争地悬念[N].南方都市报,2007–05–11(A12–13)
[14]李少英,张经汉,王盛安,等.汕头近岸区的台风波浪(一)实测记录的分析[J].海岸工程,1997,15(3):61–68.
[15]张经汉,李少英,王盛安,等.汕头近岸区的台风浪风(二)后报台风及其基本特征[J].海岸工程,1997,15(4):53–60.
[16]刘锡清.中国海洋环境地质学[M].北京:海洋出版社,2006:155–179.
[17]阮晓光,陈正新.韩江河口治理[N].广州日报,2007﹣04﹣14(A12).
②许向勤.汕头市及邻区地震基本烈度和区域地震地质构造概况.汕头市地震局2006年12月印。
[1]李平日,黄镇国,宗永强,等.韩江三角洲[M].北京:海洋出版社,1987:29–53,144–145,200–234.
[2]赵焕庭,张乔民,宋朝景,等.华南海岸和南海诸岛地貌与环境[M].北京:科学出版社,1999:240–251.
[3]陈朝辉,蔡人群,许自策.潮汕平原经济[M].广州:广东人民出版社,1994.
[4]张虎男,陈伟光,黄坤荣,等.华南沿海新构造运动与地质环境[M].北京:地震出版社,1990:262–264.
[5]张虎男.南海地震活动与区域稳定性评价[M].北京:科学出版社,2002:456–493.
[6]詹文欢,钟建强,刘以宣.华南沿海地质灾害[M].北京:科学出版社,1996:24–71.
[7]詹文欢,张乔民,孙宗勋,等.南澎列岛及邻近海域地质地貌与灾害地质分析[J].热带海洋学报,2002,21(1):11–17.
[8]易蓉镕.南中国百年内可能遭遇什么样的海啸[N].科学时报,2007–09–17(A).
[9]广东省海岸带和海涂资源综合调查大队.广东省海岸带和海涂资源综合调查报告[M].北京:海洋出版社,1987:10–108,140,379.
[10]吴正,黄山,胡守春,等.华南海岸风沙地貌研究[M].北京:科学出版社,1995:31–33.
[11]黄镇国,谢先德,范锦春,等.广东海平面变化及其影响与对策[M].广州:广东科技出版社,2000.
[12]孙金龙,徐辉龙,吴鹏,等.粤东南澳岛——澄海海域晚第四纪沉积特征和沉积环境演变[J].热带海洋学报,2007,26(3):30–36.
[13]谭林,江文玉.人与大海争地悬念[N].南方都市报,2007–05–11(A12–13)
[14]李少英,张经汉,王盛安,等.汕头近岸区的台风波浪(一)实测记录的分析[J].海岸工程,1997,15(3):61–68.
[15]张经汉,李少英,王盛安,等.汕头近岸区的台风浪风(二)后报台风及其基本特征[J].海岸工程,1997,15(4):53–60.
[16]刘锡清.中国海洋环境地质学[M].北京:海洋出版社,2006:155–179.
[17]阮晓光,陈正新.韩江河口治理[N].广州日报,2007﹣04﹣14(A12).
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