北京北部地区深层热水开发对浅层冷水的影响
|
摘要
北京北部有小汤山和沙河2个地热田,呈三角形展布,东部边界为黄庄-高丽营断裂,西部边界为南口-孙河断裂,北部边界为阿苏卫-小汤山断裂。热储层为蓟县系雾迷山组、铁岭组和寒武系—奥陶系碳酸盐岩岩溶裂隙含水层,热储盖层为青白口系页岩、石炭系—二叠系砂页岩和侏罗系火山岩隔水层。该区雨水、浅层基岩冷水和深层基岩热水的H、O同位素组成基本上都落在克雷格降水线上,表明区内冷水与热水均来源于大气降水。热水的3H值表现出北高南低的特点,说明热水与冷水一样自北向南流动。重点分析了深层热水开采对浅层地震观测井中冷水动态的影响,以及这种影响在不同的水文地质条件、离开采井不同距离和不同测项方面表现出的差异。结果表明,北京北部深层热水开采对浅层冷水动态的影响距离约为5km,对位于导水断裂带附近的观测井的影响最为明显。
In northern Beijing, there are the Xiaotangshan and Shahe geothermal fields, which are triangular in plan. They are bounded by the Huangzhuang-Gaoliying fault on the east, by the Nankou-Sunhe fault on the west and by the Asuwei-Xiaotangshan fault on the north. The thermal reservoirs are karst fissure aquifers in the Wumishan and Tieling formations of the Jixian System and Cambrian-Ordovician carbonate rocks. The cover rocks of these thermal reservoirs are impermeable layers consisting of Qingbaikouan shale, Carboniferous-Permian sandstone-shale and Jurassic volcanic rocks. The H and O isotopic compositions of meteoric water, shallow cold groundwater and deep geothermal water in the main fall on the Craig precipitation line in the area, indicating that shallow cold groundwater and deep geothermal water were derived from meteoric water. The 3H values in geothermal water are higher in the north and lower in the south, indicating that both the geothermal water and shallow cold groundwater flow from north to south. The study focuses on the influence of deep geothermal water production on shallow groundwater behaviors in shallow earthquake observation wells and the differences of such influence in respect to hydrogeological conditions, distances from exploited geothermal wells and different observation items. Results show that the distance of influence of deep geothermal water exploitation on shallow cold groundwater behaviors is about 5 km in the northern Beijing geothermal system, and that the influence on the observation wells located near water-transmitting faults is most pronounced.
In northern Beijing, there are the Xiaotangshan and Shahe geothermal fields, which are triangular in plan. They are bounded by the Huangzhuang-Gaoliying fault on the east, by the Nankou-Sunhe fault on the west and by the Asuwei-Xiaotangshan fault on the north. The thermal reservoirs are karst fissure aquifers in the Wumishan and Tieling formations of the Jixian System and Cambrian-Ordovician carbonate rocks. The cover rocks of these thermal reservoirs are impermeable layers consisting of Qingbaikouan shale, Carboniferous-Permian sandstone-shale and Jurassic volcanic rocks. The H and O isotopic compositions of meteoric water, shallow cold groundwater and deep geothermal water in the main fall on the Craig precipitation line in the area, indicating that shallow cold groundwater and deep geothermal water were derived from meteoric water. The 3H values in geothermal water are higher in the north and lower in the south, indicating that both the geothermal water and shallow cold groundwater flow from north to south. The study focuses on the influence of deep geothermal water production on shallow groundwater behaviors in shallow earthquake observation wells and the differences of such influence in respect to hydrogeological conditions, distances from exploited geothermal wells and different observation items. Results show that the distance of influence of deep geothermal water exploitation on shallow cold groundwater behaviors is about 5 km in the northern Beijing geothermal system, and that the influence on the observation wells located near water-transmitting faults is most pronounced.
引文
[1]潘小平.地热温标在北京小汤山地热田的应用[C]//中国矿业联合会地热开发管理专业委员会.21世纪中国地热可持续发展论文集.2000:111-116.
[2]潘小平,王治.小汤山地热田热水地球化学特征[J].北京地质,1999,(4):7-15.
[3]增瑞祥,王治,张进平,等.北京小汤山地热田水位与开采量变化关系研究[C]//刘久荣,郑克,刘时彬,等.北京地热国际研讨会论文集.北京:地质出版社,2002:228-232.
[4]吕金波,车用太,王继明,等.京北地区热水水文地质化学特征与地热系统的成因模式[J].地震地质,2006,(3):419-429.
[5]高文学,马瑾.首都圈地震地质环境与地震灾害[M].北京:地震出版社,1993:31-51.
[6]卫克勤,林瑞芬.氚在年代学研究中的应用[C]//陈文寄,彭贵.年轻地质体系的年代测定.北京:地震出版社,1991:174-186.
[7]车用太,王吉易,李一兵,等.首都圈地下流体监测与地震预测[M].北京:气象出版社,2004:17-26.
[8]张培仁,王基华,谷元珠,等.地下流体异常与2000年首都圈地区震情预测[C]//中国地震局地质研究所.地震危险性预测研究(2000年度).北京:地震出版社,1999:124-130.
[1]地质部水文地质工程地质局北京大队.北京市昌平区小汤山矿泉水文地质勘测总结报告.1958.
[2]李心庚,等.北京市小汤山地热田地下热水资源评价勘查报告.1985.
[3]潘小平,等.北京市小汤山地区地热资源勘探报告.1998.
[4]吕金波,等.1∶50000沙河镇幅区域地质调查报告.2004.
[2]潘小平,王治.小汤山地热田热水地球化学特征[J].北京地质,1999,(4):7-15.
[3]增瑞祥,王治,张进平,等.北京小汤山地热田水位与开采量变化关系研究[C]//刘久荣,郑克,刘时彬,等.北京地热国际研讨会论文集.北京:地质出版社,2002:228-232.
[4]吕金波,车用太,王继明,等.京北地区热水水文地质化学特征与地热系统的成因模式[J].地震地质,2006,(3):419-429.
[5]高文学,马瑾.首都圈地震地质环境与地震灾害[M].北京:地震出版社,1993:31-51.
[6]卫克勤,林瑞芬.氚在年代学研究中的应用[C]//陈文寄,彭贵.年轻地质体系的年代测定.北京:地震出版社,1991:174-186.
[7]车用太,王吉易,李一兵,等.首都圈地下流体监测与地震预测[M].北京:气象出版社,2004:17-26.
[8]张培仁,王基华,谷元珠,等.地下流体异常与2000年首都圈地区震情预测[C]//中国地震局地质研究所.地震危险性预测研究(2000年度).北京:地震出版社,1999:124-130.
[1]地质部水文地质工程地质局北京大队.北京市昌平区小汤山矿泉水文地质勘测总结报告.1958.
[2]李心庚,等.北京市小汤山地热田地下热水资源评价勘查报告.1985.
[3]潘小平,等.北京市小汤山地区地热资源勘探报告.1998.
[4]吕金波,等.1∶50000沙河镇幅区域地质调查报告.2004.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心