震源参数因素对玉树地震库仑破裂应力图像及其与余震活动统计关系的影响
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摘要
2010年4月14日青海省玉树发生MS7.1强震,根据国内外3个机构公布的5套玉树地震震源参数,计算了玉树地震产生的库仑破裂应力变化,研究了震源参数的差异对库仑破裂应力变化及其与余震活动关系的影响.结果表明,由于不同来源震源参数存在差异,计算得到的库仑破裂应力变化图像也存在不同程度差异,从而影响库仑破裂应力变化与余震活动的关系.在震源断层参数中,断层滑动角和位错量的影响大于其它参数.此外还发现对余震统计时间的长短也会影响库仑破裂应力变化与余震活动关系的统计结果.
On April 14, 2010, the Yushu MS7.1 earthquake occurred in Qinghai Province, China. Based on five sets of source parameters published by three institutions at home and abroad, we calculated Coulomb failure stress (CFS) change induced by Yushu earthquake occurrence, and studied the influence of different source parameters on the calculated CFS change and its statistic relation with aftershocks. The result shows that the calculated CFS change patterns are different due to different source parameters, thus the relation between CFS change and aftershock activity is affected. In the source parameters the influence of fault slip angle and dislocation is greater than that of other parameters. In addition, the time length for making aftershock statistical analysis also affects the relation between CFS change and aftershock activity.
On April 14, 2010, the Yushu MS7.1 earthquake occurred in Qinghai Province, China. Based on five sets of source parameters published by three institutions at home and abroad, we calculated Coulomb failure stress (CFS) change induced by Yushu earthquake occurrence, and studied the influence of different source parameters on the calculated CFS change and its statistic relation with aftershocks. The result shows that the calculated CFS change patterns are different due to different source parameters, thus the relation between CFS change and aftershock activity is affected. In the source parameters the influence of fault slip angle and dislocation is greater than that of other parameters. In addition, the time length for making aftershock statistical analysis also affects the relation between CFS change and aftershock activity.
引文
陈立春,王虎,冉勇康,孙鑫喆，苏桂武，王继，谭锡斌，李智敏，张晓清．2010．玉树MS7.1级地震地表破裂与历史大地震[J].科学通报,55(13):1200-1205.
杜兴信,邵辉成.1999.由震源机制解反演中国大陆现代构造应力场[J].地震学报,21(6):354-360.
郝平,傅征祥,田勤俭,刘杰,刘桂萍.2004a.昆仑山口西8.1级地震强余震库仑破裂应力触发研究[J].地震学报,26(1):30-37.
郝平,田勤俭,傅征祥,陈正位,刘桂萍.2004b.2000年1月15日姚安6.5级地震较强余震的应力触发[J].地震研究,27(3):246-251.
华卫,刘杰,郑斯华,陈章立.2006.2003年云南大姚6.2、6.1级地震序列特征分析及地震触发研究[J].中国地震,22(1):10-23.
刘超,许力生,陈运泰.2010.2010年4月14日青海玉树地震快速矩张量解[J].地震学报,32(3):366-368.
刘桂萍,傅征祥.2000.1976年7月28日唐山7.8级地震触发的区域地震活动和静应力场变化[J].地震学报,22(1):17-26.
刘桂萍,傅征祥.2001.海原大地震对古浪大地震的静应力触发研究[J].地球物理学报,44(z1):107-115.
刘桂萍,傅征祥.2002.1973年炉霍大地震(MS=7.6)最大余震(MS=6.3)的库仑破裂应力触发[J].中国地震,18(2):175-182.
单斌,熊熊,郑勇,刁法启.2009.2008年5月12日MW7.9汶川地震导致的周边断层应力变化[J].中国科学:D辑,39(5):537-545.
万永革,吴忠良,周公威,黄静,秦立新.2002.地震应力触发研究[J].地震学报,24(5):533-551
万永革,沈正康,尚丹.2006.2005年10月巴基斯坦MW7.6地震对余震的触发研究[J].中国地震,22(3):277-286.
万永革,沈正康,曾跃华,盛书中.2007.青藏高原东北部的库仑应力积累演化对大地震发生的影响[J].地震学报,29(2):115-129.
万永革,沈正康,盛书中,徐晓枫.2009.2008年汶川大地震对周围断层的影响[J].地震学报,31(2):128-139.
王学潮,郭启良,张辉,刘振红.2000.青藏高原东北缘水压致裂地应力测量[J].地质力学学报,6(2):64-70.
闻学泽,徐锡伟,郑荣章,谢英情,万创.2003.甘孜—玉树断裂的平均滑动速率与近代大地震破裂[J].中国科学:D辑,33(增刊):199-208.
吴满路,张春山,廖椿庭,马寅生,区明益.2005.青藏高原腹地现今地应力测量与应力状态研究[J].地球物理学报,48(2):327-332.
吴小平,付虹,Michel Bouchon,胡家富,胡毅力,黄雍,虎雄林,解朝娣.2007a.完全库仑破裂应力变化与云南龙陵震群序列的应力触发[J].地球物理学报,50(4):1111-1122.
吴小平,虎雄林,Michel Bouchon,胡家富,解朝娣,王绍晋,胡毅力.2007b.云南澜沧—耿马MS7.6地震的完全库仑破裂应力变化与后续地震的动态、静态应力触发[J].中国科学:D辑,37(6):746-752.
吴小平,黄雍,胡家富,虎雄林.2008.汶川MS8.0巨震产生完全库仑破裂应力变化及其强余震群[J].地震研究,32(4):357-365.
解朝娣,朱元清,LeiXinglin,于海英,虎雄林.2010.MS8.0汶川地震产生的应力变化空间分布及其对地震活动性的影响[J].中国科学:D辑,40(6):688-698.
徐纪人,赵志新.2006.青藏高原及其周围地区区域应力场与构造运动特征[J].中国地质,33(2):275-285.
张勇,许力生,陈运泰.2010.2010年4月14日青海玉树地震破裂过程快速反演[J].地震学报,32(3):361-365.
周荣军,闻学泽,蔡长星,马声浩.1997.甘孜—玉树断裂带的近代地震与未来地震趋势估计[J].地震地质,19(2):115-124.
Aki K,Richards P G.1980.Quantitative Seismology:Theory and Methods[M].San Francisco:W H Freeman and Company:41-68.
Chan C H,Stein R S.2009.Stress evolution following the 1999Chi--Chi,Taiwan,earthquake:Consequences for after-slip,relaxation,aftershocks,and departures from Omori decay[J].Geophys J Int,177(1):179-192.
Deng J,Sykes L R.1997.Stress evolution in southern California and triggering of moderate-,small-,and micro-size earthquakes[J].J Geophys Res,102(B11):24411-24435.
Freed A.2005.Earthquake triggering by static,dynamic,and postseismic stress transfer[J].Annu Rev Earth Planet Sci,33(1):335-368.
Freed A,Lin J.2001.Delayed triggering of the 1999Hector Mine earthquake by viscoelastic stress transfer[J].Nature,411(6834):180-183.
Harris R A.1998.Introduction to special section:Stress triggers,stress shadows,and implications for seismic hazard[J].J Geophys Res,103(B10):24347--24358.
Harris R A,Simpson R W.1996.In the shadow of 1857-The effect of the great Ft.Tejon earthquake on subsequent earthquakes in southern California[J].Geophys Res Lett,23(3):229-232.
Harris R A,Simpson R W,Reasenberg P A.1995.Influence of static stress changes on earthquake locations in southern California[J].Nature,375:221-224,doi:10.1038/375221a0.
Kanamori H,Rivera L.2008.Source inversion of W phase:Speeding up seismic tsunami warning[J].Geophys J Int,175(1):222-238.
Kilb D,Gomberg J,Bodin P.2002.Aftershock triggering by complete Coulomb stress changes[J].J Geophys Res,107(B4):2060,doi:10.1029/2001JB000202.
King G C P,Stein R S,Lin J.1994.Static stress changes and the triggering of earthquakes[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,84(3):935-953.
Lin J,Stein R S.2004.Stress triggering in thrust and subduction earthquakes and stress interaction between the southern San Andreas and nearby thrust and strike-slip faults[J].J Geophys Res,109,B02303,doi:10.1029/2003JB002607.
Ma K F,Chan C H,Stein R S.2005.Response of seismicity to Coulomb stress triggers and shadows of the 1999 MW=7.6Chi-Chi,Taiwan,earthquake[J].J Geophys Res,110,B05S19,doi:10.1029/2004JB003389.
McCloskey J,Nalbant S S,Steacy S.2005.Earthquake risk from co-seismic stress[J].Nature,434:291,doi:10.1038/434291a.
Okada Y.1992.Internal deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,82(2):1018-1040.
Papadimitriou E E,Wen X,Karakostas V,Jin X.2004.Earthquake triggering along the Xianshuihe fault zone of western Sichuan,China[J].Pure Appl Geophys,161(8):1683--1707.
Parsons T,Chen J,Kirby E.2008.Stress changes from the 2008Wenchuan earthquake and increased hazard in the Si-chuan basin[J].Nature,454:509-510,doi:10.1038/nature07177.
Perniola B,Bressan G,Pondrelli S.2004.Changes in failure stress and stress transfer during the 1976-77Friuli earth-quake sequence[J].Geophys J Int,156(2):297--306.
Pollitz F F,Banerjee P,Bürgmann R,Hashimoto M,Choosakul N.2006.Stress changes along the Sunda trench follow-ing the 26December 2004Sumatra-Andaman and 28March 2005Nias earthquakes[J].Geophys Res Lett,33,L06309,doi:10.1029/2005GL024558.
Stein R S.1999.The role of stress transfer in earthquake occurrence[J].Nature,402(6762):605-609.
Stein R S,King G C P,Lin J.1992.Change in failure stress on the southern San Andreas fault system caused by the1992 M7.4Landers earthquake[J].Science,258(5086):1328-1332.
Toda S,Stein R S,Reasenberg P A,Dieterich J H,Yoshida A.1998.Stress transferred by the 1995 MW=6.9Kobe,Japan,shock:Effect on aftershocks and future earthquake probabilities[J].J Geophys Res,103(B10):24543-24566.
Toda S,Lin J,Mustapha M,Stein R S.2008.12May 2008 M=7.9Wenchuan,China,earthquake calculated to increase failure stress and seismicity rate on three major fault systems[J].Geophys Res lett,35:L17305,doi:10.1029/2008GL034903.
Toda S,Stein R,Richards-Dinger K,Bozkurt S.2005.Forecasting the evolution of seismicity in southern California:Animations built on earthquake stress transfer[J].J Geophys Res,110:B05S16,doi:10.1029/2004JB003415.
Wan Y,Wu Z,Zhou G.2004.Focal mechanism dependence of static stress triggering of earthquakes[J].Tectnophysics,390(1-4):235-243.
Wang J C,Shieh C F,Chang T M.2003.Static stress changes as a triggering mechanism of a shallow earthquake:Case study of the 1999Chi-Chi(Taiwan)earthquake[J].Phys Earth Planet Interi,135(1):17-25.
Wang W H.2000.Static stress transfer and aftershock triggering by the 1999Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan[J].Terr Atmos Ocean Sci,11(3):631-642.
Wang W H,Chen C H.2001.Static stress transferred by the 1999Chi-Chi,Taiwan,earthquake:Effects on the stabili-ty of the surrounding fault systems and aftershock triggering with a 3Dfault-slip model[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,91(5):1041-1052.
Wells D L,Coppersmith K J.1994.New empirical Relationships among magnitude,rupture length,rupture width,rup-ture area,and surface displacement[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,84(4):974-1002.
杜兴信,邵辉成.1999.由震源机制解反演中国大陆现代构造应力场[J].地震学报,21(6):354-360.
郝平,傅征祥,田勤俭,刘杰,刘桂萍.2004a.昆仑山口西8.1级地震强余震库仑破裂应力触发研究[J].地震学报,26(1):30-37.
郝平,田勤俭,傅征祥,陈正位,刘桂萍.2004b.2000年1月15日姚安6.5级地震较强余震的应力触发[J].地震研究,27(3):246-251.
华卫,刘杰,郑斯华,陈章立.2006.2003年云南大姚6.2、6.1级地震序列特征分析及地震触发研究[J].中国地震,22(1):10-23.
刘超,许力生,陈运泰.2010.2010年4月14日青海玉树地震快速矩张量解[J].地震学报,32(3):366-368.
刘桂萍,傅征祥.2000.1976年7月28日唐山7.8级地震触发的区域地震活动和静应力场变化[J].地震学报,22(1):17-26.
刘桂萍,傅征祥.2001.海原大地震对古浪大地震的静应力触发研究[J].地球物理学报,44(z1):107-115.
刘桂萍,傅征祥.2002.1973年炉霍大地震(MS=7.6)最大余震(MS=6.3)的库仑破裂应力触发[J].中国地震,18(2):175-182.
单斌,熊熊,郑勇,刁法启.2009.2008年5月12日MW7.9汶川地震导致的周边断层应力变化[J].中国科学:D辑,39(5):537-545.
万永革,吴忠良,周公威,黄静,秦立新.2002.地震应力触发研究[J].地震学报,24(5):533-551
万永革,沈正康,尚丹.2006.2005年10月巴基斯坦MW7.6地震对余震的触发研究[J].中国地震,22(3):277-286.
万永革,沈正康,曾跃华,盛书中.2007.青藏高原东北部的库仑应力积累演化对大地震发生的影响[J].地震学报,29(2):115-129.
万永革,沈正康,盛书中,徐晓枫.2009.2008年汶川大地震对周围断层的影响[J].地震学报,31(2):128-139.
王学潮,郭启良,张辉,刘振红.2000.青藏高原东北缘水压致裂地应力测量[J].地质力学学报,6(2):64-70.
闻学泽,徐锡伟,郑荣章,谢英情,万创.2003.甘孜—玉树断裂的平均滑动速率与近代大地震破裂[J].中国科学:D辑,33(增刊):199-208.
吴满路,张春山,廖椿庭,马寅生,区明益.2005.青藏高原腹地现今地应力测量与应力状态研究[J].地球物理学报,48(2):327-332.
吴小平,付虹,Michel Bouchon,胡家富,胡毅力,黄雍,虎雄林,解朝娣.2007a.完全库仑破裂应力变化与云南龙陵震群序列的应力触发[J].地球物理学报,50(4):1111-1122.
吴小平,虎雄林,Michel Bouchon,胡家富,解朝娣,王绍晋,胡毅力.2007b.云南澜沧—耿马MS7.6地震的完全库仑破裂应力变化与后续地震的动态、静态应力触发[J].中国科学:D辑,37(6):746-752.
吴小平,黄雍,胡家富,虎雄林.2008.汶川MS8.0巨震产生完全库仑破裂应力变化及其强余震群[J].地震研究,32(4):357-365.
解朝娣,朱元清,LeiXinglin,于海英,虎雄林.2010.MS8.0汶川地震产生的应力变化空间分布及其对地震活动性的影响[J].中国科学:D辑,40(6):688-698.
徐纪人,赵志新.2006.青藏高原及其周围地区区域应力场与构造运动特征[J].中国地质,33(2):275-285.
张勇,许力生,陈运泰.2010.2010年4月14日青海玉树地震破裂过程快速反演[J].地震学报,32(3):361-365.
周荣军,闻学泽,蔡长星,马声浩.1997.甘孜—玉树断裂带的近代地震与未来地震趋势估计[J].地震地质,19(2):115-124.
Aki K,Richards P G.1980.Quantitative Seismology:Theory and Methods[M].San Francisco:W H Freeman and Company:41-68.
Chan C H,Stein R S.2009.Stress evolution following the 1999Chi--Chi,Taiwan,earthquake:Consequences for after-slip,relaxation,aftershocks,and departures from Omori decay[J].Geophys J Int,177(1):179-192.
Deng J,Sykes L R.1997.Stress evolution in southern California and triggering of moderate-,small-,and micro-size earthquakes[J].J Geophys Res,102(B11):24411-24435.
Freed A.2005.Earthquake triggering by static,dynamic,and postseismic stress transfer[J].Annu Rev Earth Planet Sci,33(1):335-368.
Freed A,Lin J.2001.Delayed triggering of the 1999Hector Mine earthquake by viscoelastic stress transfer[J].Nature,411(6834):180-183.
Harris R A.1998.Introduction to special section:Stress triggers,stress shadows,and implications for seismic hazard[J].J Geophys Res,103(B10):24347--24358.
Harris R A,Simpson R W.1996.In the shadow of 1857-The effect of the great Ft.Tejon earthquake on subsequent earthquakes in southern California[J].Geophys Res Lett,23(3):229-232.
Harris R A,Simpson R W,Reasenberg P A.1995.Influence of static stress changes on earthquake locations in southern California[J].Nature,375:221-224,doi:10.1038/375221a0.
Kanamori H,Rivera L.2008.Source inversion of W phase:Speeding up seismic tsunami warning[J].Geophys J Int,175(1):222-238.
Kilb D,Gomberg J,Bodin P.2002.Aftershock triggering by complete Coulomb stress changes[J].J Geophys Res,107(B4):2060,doi:10.1029/2001JB000202.
King G C P,Stein R S,Lin J.1994.Static stress changes and the triggering of earthquakes[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,84(3):935-953.
Lin J,Stein R S.2004.Stress triggering in thrust and subduction earthquakes and stress interaction between the southern San Andreas and nearby thrust and strike-slip faults[J].J Geophys Res,109,B02303,doi:10.1029/2003JB002607.
Ma K F,Chan C H,Stein R S.2005.Response of seismicity to Coulomb stress triggers and shadows of the 1999 MW=7.6Chi-Chi,Taiwan,earthquake[J].J Geophys Res,110,B05S19,doi:10.1029/2004JB003389.
McCloskey J,Nalbant S S,Steacy S.2005.Earthquake risk from co-seismic stress[J].Nature,434:291,doi:10.1038/434291a.
Okada Y.1992.Internal deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,82(2):1018-1040.
Papadimitriou E E,Wen X,Karakostas V,Jin X.2004.Earthquake triggering along the Xianshuihe fault zone of western Sichuan,China[J].Pure Appl Geophys,161(8):1683--1707.
Parsons T,Chen J,Kirby E.2008.Stress changes from the 2008Wenchuan earthquake and increased hazard in the Si-chuan basin[J].Nature,454:509-510,doi:10.1038/nature07177.
Perniola B,Bressan G,Pondrelli S.2004.Changes in failure stress and stress transfer during the 1976-77Friuli earth-quake sequence[J].Geophys J Int,156(2):297--306.
Pollitz F F,Banerjee P,Bürgmann R,Hashimoto M,Choosakul N.2006.Stress changes along the Sunda trench follow-ing the 26December 2004Sumatra-Andaman and 28March 2005Nias earthquakes[J].Geophys Res Lett,33,L06309,doi:10.1029/2005GL024558.
Stein R S.1999.The role of stress transfer in earthquake occurrence[J].Nature,402(6762):605-609.
Stein R S,King G C P,Lin J.1992.Change in failure stress on the southern San Andreas fault system caused by the1992 M7.4Landers earthquake[J].Science,258(5086):1328-1332.
Toda S,Stein R S,Reasenberg P A,Dieterich J H,Yoshida A.1998.Stress transferred by the 1995 MW=6.9Kobe,Japan,shock:Effect on aftershocks and future earthquake probabilities[J].J Geophys Res,103(B10):24543-24566.
Toda S,Lin J,Mustapha M,Stein R S.2008.12May 2008 M=7.9Wenchuan,China,earthquake calculated to increase failure stress and seismicity rate on three major fault systems[J].Geophys Res lett,35:L17305,doi:10.1029/2008GL034903.
Toda S,Stein R,Richards-Dinger K,Bozkurt S.2005.Forecasting the evolution of seismicity in southern California:Animations built on earthquake stress transfer[J].J Geophys Res,110:B05S16,doi:10.1029/2004JB003415.
Wan Y,Wu Z,Zhou G.2004.Focal mechanism dependence of static stress triggering of earthquakes[J].Tectnophysics,390(1-4):235-243.
Wang J C,Shieh C F,Chang T M.2003.Static stress changes as a triggering mechanism of a shallow earthquake:Case study of the 1999Chi-Chi(Taiwan)earthquake[J].Phys Earth Planet Interi,135(1):17-25.
Wang W H.2000.Static stress transfer and aftershock triggering by the 1999Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan[J].Terr Atmos Ocean Sci,11(3):631-642.
Wang W H,Chen C H.2001.Static stress transferred by the 1999Chi-Chi,Taiwan,earthquake:Effects on the stabili-ty of the surrounding fault systems and aftershock triggering with a 3Dfault-slip model[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,91(5):1041-1052.
Wells D L,Coppersmith K J.1994.New empirical Relationships among magnitude,rupture length,rupture width,rup-ture area,and surface displacement[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,84(4):974-1002.
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