光学遥感影像阴影与2008年汶川地震同震地表变形的影像识别
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摘要
遥感影像数据在2008年汶川地震抗震救灾和灾后恢复重建中发挥了重要的作用,充分利用遥感技术进行同震地表变形的快速识别与地震地质研究具有重要的现实意义。通过分析震后光学遥感影像的阴影、纹理等特征,以及野外获得的地表破裂变形的地质与地貌特征,总结了汶川地震同震地表变形的光学遥感影像识别特点。从遥感成像的光学原理深入解析了汶川地震断层陡坎在遥感影像上的阴影形成与识别特征,明确了成像时刻和断坎产状对影像阴影的形成和断层陡坎识别能力的约束。结合影像成像特征与汶川地震同震地表破裂特征的应用分析,客观地认识了现有遥感影像在同震地表变形应用中的局限性,可为今后的应急航空遥感方案设计提供参考。
Data from remote sensing played important roles in the rescue during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and reconstruction after the great disaster.It also has much realistic significance to implement a rapid interpretation and geological study from those data.Analysis was made on the characteristics of optical remote sensing image,such as shadows and texture,and geological and geomorphological features of the surface rupture from field investigation.The interpretation marks of the post-earthquake optical remote sensing image were concluded for the fault scarp of the great Wenchuan earthquake.Based on the optical imaging,the shadow forming and interpretation characteristics of different kinds of fault scarp were analyzed for the Wenchuan earthquake.The imaging time and the occurrence of fault scarps make a constraint on the forming of shadows and its interpretation for fault scarps.Analysis based on characteristics of imaging and rupture styles gives a new insight on the limitation in the application of remote sensing data of co-seismic surface deformation,and also a certain proposal for the emergency aerial remote sensing in the future.
Data from remote sensing played important roles in the rescue during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and reconstruction after the great disaster.It also has much realistic significance to implement a rapid interpretation and geological study from those data.Analysis was made on the characteristics of optical remote sensing image,such as shadows and texture,and geological and geomorphological features of the surface rupture from field investigation.The interpretation marks of the post-earthquake optical remote sensing image were concluded for the fault scarp of the great Wenchuan earthquake.Based on the optical imaging,the shadow forming and interpretation characteristics of different kinds of fault scarp were analyzed for the Wenchuan earthquake.The imaging time and the occurrence of fault scarps make a constraint on the forming of shadows and its interpretation for fault scarps.Analysis based on characteristics of imaging and rupture styles gives a new insight on the limitation in the application of remote sensing data of co-seismic surface deformation,and also a certain proposal for the emergency aerial remote sensing in the future.
引文
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[2][2]http:∥www.digitalglobe.com/digitalglobe2/file.php/646/QuickBird-Imagery-Products-Product-Guide.pdf。
陈桂华,徐锡伟,闻学泽,等.2006.数字航空摄影测量学方法在活动构造中的应用[J].地球科学,31(3):405—410.CHEN Gui-hua,XU Xi-wei,WEN Xue-ze,et al.2006.Application of digital aerophotogrammetry in active tectonics[J].Earth Science,31(3):405—410(in Chinese).
陈桂华,徐锡伟,于贵华,等.2009.2008年汶川MS8.0地震多断裂破裂的近地表同震滑移及滑移分解[J].地球物理学报,52(5):1384—1394.CHEN Gui-hua,XU Xi-wei,YU Gui-hua,et al.2009.Co-seismic slip and slip partitioning of multi-faults during theMS8.02008Wenchuan earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,52(5):1384—1394(in Chinese).
付碧宏,时丕龙,张之武.2008.四川汶川MS8.0大地震地表破裂带的遥感影像解析[J].地质学报,82(12):1679—1687.FUBi-hong,SHI Pi-long,ZHANG Zhi-wu.2008.Spatial characteristics of the surface rupture produced by theMS8.0Wenchuan earthquake using high-resolution remote sensing imagery[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,82(12):1679—1687(in Chinese).
黄铁青,赵涛,翟金良,等.2008.发挥空间信息技术优势,服务汶川抗震救灾决策:中国科学院利用遥感与地理信息技术为汶川地震抗震救灾和恢复重建提供决策服务纪略[J].遥感技术与应用,23(4):486—492.HUANG Tie-qing,ZHAO Tao,ZHAI Jin-liang,et al.2008.Take advantage of the spatial information techniques for therescue strategic decision during the Wenchuan earthquake[J].Remote Sensing Technology and Application,23(4):486—492(in Chinese).
李德仁,陈晓玲,蔡晓斌.2008.空间信息技术用于汶川地震救灾[J].遥感学报,12(6):841—851.LI De-ren,CHEN Xiao-ling,CAI Xiao-bin.2008.Spatial information techniques in rapid response to Wenchuan earth-quake[J].Journal of Remote Sensing,12(6):841—851(in Chinese).
梅安新,彭望琭,秦其明,等.2001.遥感导论[M].北京:高等教育出版社.MEI An-xin,PENG Wang-lu,QIN Qi-ming,et al.2001.Introduction to Remote Sensing[M].Higher Education Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
徐锡伟,闻学泽,叶建青,等.2008.汶川MS8.0地震地表破裂带及其发震构造[J].地震地质,30(3):597—629.XU Xi-wei,WEN Xue-ze,YE Jian-qing,et al.2008.TheMS8.0Wenchuan earthquake surface ruptures and its seis-mogenic structure[J].Seismology and Geology,30(3):597—629(in Chinese).
张祖勋,郭大海,柯涛,等.2008.抗震救灾中航空摄影测量的应急响应[J].遥感学报,12(6):852—857.ZHANG Zu-xun,GUO Da-hai,KE Tao,et al.2008.The use of aerial photogrammetry in the fast response for Chinaearthquake rescue[J].Journal of Remote Sensing,12(6):852—857(in Chinese).
Fu B H,Lei X,Hessami K,et al.2007.A new fault rupture scenario for the2003MW6.6Bam earthquake,SE Iran:Insights from the high-resolution QuickBird imagery and field observations[J].Journal of Geodynamics,44(3—5):160—172.
Van Puymbroeck N,Michel R,Binet R,et al.2000.Measuring earthquakes from optical satellite images[J].AppliedOptics,39(20):3486—3494.
Xu X W,Wen X Z,Yu G H,et al.2009.Co-seismic reverse-and oblique-slip surface faulting generated by the2008MW7.9Wenchuan earthquake,China[J].Geology,37(6):515—518.
Xu X,Yu G,Klinger Y,et al.2006.Reevaluation of surface rupture parameters and faulting segmentation of the2001Kunlunshan earthquake(MW7.8),northern Tibetan Plateau,China[J].J Geophys Res,111:B05316.doi:10.1029/2004JB003488.
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