随机反演在储层预测中的应用
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摘要
针对隐蔽油气藏储层预测的需要,开展了地震反演研究,根据目前的实际应用将储层预测中的基于模型的地震反演分为三个实施阶段:即构造反演、声波波阻抗或弹性波阻抗反演以及岩性反演,并对每个阶段的目的、关键技术及其原理进行了详细描述,尤其是详细描述了基于马尔科夫链的蒙特卡罗随机模拟技术.最后给出了一个综合应用测井、地质、地震资料进行反演,从而进行储层预测的实例.
Seismic inversion is a key action in reservoir prediction. In this paper, the seismic inversion based on model is divided into three steps, that is structaraI inversion, impedance inversion (acoustic impedance or elastic impedance ) and lithology inversion (including reservoir properties inversion). The objective, key techniques and the principles of these three steps are depicted in detail. In particular, the stochastic inversion based on Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation is described thoroughly. A reservoir prediction case that integrated well logging, geology and seismic data through seismic inversion is presented in the end.
Seismic inversion is a key action in reservoir prediction. In this paper, the seismic inversion based on model is divided into three steps, that is structaraI inversion, impedance inversion (acoustic impedance or elastic impedance ) and lithology inversion (including reservoir properties inversion). The objective, key techniques and the principles of these three steps are depicted in detail. In particular, the stochastic inversion based on Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation is described thoroughly. A reservoir prediction case that integrated well logging, geology and seismic data through seismic inversion is presented in the end.
引文
[1] 刘百红,李建华.测井和地震资料宽带约束反演的应用[J].石油物探,2004,43(1) :76-79． Liu B H,Li J H.Application of broad-band constrained inversion by combining logging and seismic data [J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2004,43 (1) : 76-79．
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[4] 李军,郝天珧.油气储层随机模拟方法综述[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2) :458-464． Li J,Hao T Y.Review on methods of oil & gas reservoir stochastic simulation [J].Progress in geophysics,2006,21(2) :458-464．
[5] 姜香云,王志章,吴胜和.储层三维建模及在油藏描述中的应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,2006,2l(3) :902-908． Jiang X Y,Wang Z Z,Wu S H.3D reservoir modeling and its application [J].Progress in Geophysics,2006,21 (3) : 902-908．
[6] 刘振峰,郝天珧,杨长春.沉积模型和储层随机建模[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(3) :519-523． Liu Z F,Hao T Y,Yang C C.Sedimentation models and stochastic reservoir modeling [J].Progress in Geophysics,2003,18(3) ,519-523．
[7] 孙思敏,彭仕宓.地质统计学反演及其在吉林扶余油田储层预测中的应用[J].物探与化探,2007,31(1) :51-53． Sun S M,Peng S M.Geostatistical inverstion method and its application to reservoir prediction of Fu Yu oilfield in JiLin province[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2007,31(1) :51-53．
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[9] Haas A,Dubrule O.Geostatistical inversion-a sequential method of stochastic reservoir modeling constrained by seismic data[J].First Break,1994,12(11) :561-569．
[10] Arturo Contreras,Carlos Torres-Verdin,et al.Joint stochastic inversion of 3D pre-stack seismic data and well logs for high-resolution reservoir characterization and petrophysical modeling:application to deepwater hydrocarbon reservoir in the central Gulf of Mexico.Expanded Abstracts of 75~(th) Annual International SEG Meeting,2005,1343-1347．
[11] Paulo Sergio Lucio,Manuela Mendes.Simulating stochastic reservoir model by secdonary seismic spatial information updating[J].SEG meeting,2001,1556-1559．
[12] 董宁,周小鹰,刘振峰,等.鄂北上古生界隐蔽气藏地震储层预测技术[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(3) :909-916． Dong N,Zhou X Y,Liu Z F,et al.The application of integrated seismic reservoir prediction in forcasting hidden gas reservoir of upper palaeozoic group,north Ordos basin [J].Progress in Geophysics,2006,21(3) :909-916．
[13] 张宏兵,杨长春,尚作萍,等.基于软约束模式的波阻抗反演[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(3) :837-844． Zhang H B,Yang C C,Shang Z P,et al.Impedance inversion with soft constrained mode [J].Progress in Geophysics,2006,21 (3) : 837-844．
[14] 路鹏飞,杨长春,郭爱华,等.改进的模拟退火算法及其在叠前储层参数反演用的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(1) :104-109． Lu P F,Yang C C,Guo A H,et al.Modified simulated annealing algorithm and its application in pre stack inversion of reservoir parameters [J].Progress in Geophysics,2008,23(1) :104-109．
[15] 刘振峰,郝天珧,方辉.用Markov链模型随机模拟储层岩相空间展布[J].石油学报,2005,26(5) :57-60． Liu Z F,Hao T Y,Fang H.Modeling of stochastic reservoir lithofacies with Markov chain model [J].Acta petrolei sinica,2005,26(5) : 57-60．
[16] 方雪芹,刘德菊,田军.等.测井资料在松辽瓮地岩性储层预测中的应用[J].石油物探,2007,46(5) :496-500． Fang X Q,Liu D J,Tian J,et al.Application of logging data in synthetically predicting lithologic reservoir of northern Songliao basin [J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2007,46(5) :496-500．
[2] 孙思敏,彭仕宓.基于模拟退火算法的地质统计学反演方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(1) :38-43． Sun S M,Peng S M.Inversion of geostatistics based on simulated annealing algorithm [J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2007,42(1) ,38-43．
[3] 易平.林桂康.随机地震反演技术及在文昌13-1油田的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(1) :87-91． Yi P,Lin G K.Seismic stochastic inversion and its application in Wenchang 13-1 oilfield [J].Oil geophysical prospecting,2005,40(1) :87-91．
[4] 李军,郝天珧.油气储层随机模拟方法综述[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2) :458-464． Li J,Hao T Y.Review on methods of oil & gas reservoir stochastic simulation [J].Progress in geophysics,2006,21(2) :458-464．
[5] 姜香云,王志章,吴胜和.储层三维建模及在油藏描述中的应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,2006,2l(3) :902-908． Jiang X Y,Wang Z Z,Wu S H.3D reservoir modeling and its application [J].Progress in Geophysics,2006,21 (3) : 902-908．
[6] 刘振峰,郝天珧,杨长春.沉积模型和储层随机建模[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(3) :519-523． Liu Z F,Hao T Y,Yang C C.Sedimentation models and stochastic reservoir modeling [J].Progress in Geophysics,2003,18(3) ,519-523．
[7] 孙思敏,彭仕宓.地质统计学反演及其在吉林扶余油田储层预测中的应用[J].物探与化探,2007,31(1) :51-53． Sun S M,Peng S M.Geostatistical inverstion method and its application to reservoir prediction of Fu Yu oilfield in JiLin province[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2007,31(1) :51-53．
[8] Thomas Meier Hansen,et al.Linear inverse Gaussian theory and geostatistics[J].Geophysics,2006,71(6) : 101-111．
[9] Haas A,Dubrule O.Geostatistical inversion-a sequential method of stochastic reservoir modeling constrained by seismic data[J].First Break,1994,12(11) :561-569．
[10] Arturo Contreras,Carlos Torres-Verdin,et al.Joint stochastic inversion of 3D pre-stack seismic data and well logs for high-resolution reservoir characterization and petrophysical modeling:application to deepwater hydrocarbon reservoir in the central Gulf of Mexico.Expanded Abstracts of 75~(th) Annual International SEG Meeting,2005,1343-1347．
[11] Paulo Sergio Lucio,Manuela Mendes.Simulating stochastic reservoir model by secdonary seismic spatial information updating[J].SEG meeting,2001,1556-1559．
[12] 董宁,周小鹰,刘振峰,等.鄂北上古生界隐蔽气藏地震储层预测技术[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(3) :909-916． Dong N,Zhou X Y,Liu Z F,et al.The application of integrated seismic reservoir prediction in forcasting hidden gas reservoir of upper palaeozoic group,north Ordos basin [J].Progress in Geophysics,2006,21(3) :909-916．
[13] 张宏兵,杨长春,尚作萍,等.基于软约束模式的波阻抗反演[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(3) :837-844． Zhang H B,Yang C C,Shang Z P,et al.Impedance inversion with soft constrained mode [J].Progress in Geophysics,2006,21 (3) : 837-844．
[14] 路鹏飞,杨长春,郭爱华,等.改进的模拟退火算法及其在叠前储层参数反演用的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(1) :104-109． Lu P F,Yang C C,Guo A H,et al.Modified simulated annealing algorithm and its application in pre stack inversion of reservoir parameters [J].Progress in Geophysics,2008,23(1) :104-109．
[15] 刘振峰,郝天珧,方辉.用Markov链模型随机模拟储层岩相空间展布[J].石油学报,2005,26(5) :57-60． Liu Z F,Hao T Y,Fang H.Modeling of stochastic reservoir lithofacies with Markov chain model [J].Acta petrolei sinica,2005,26(5) : 57-60．
[16] 方雪芹,刘德菊,田军.等.测井资料在松辽瓮地岩性储层预测中的应用[J].石油物探,2007,46(5) :496-500． Fang X Q,Liu D J,Tian J,et al.Application of logging data in synthetically predicting lithologic reservoir of northern Songliao basin [J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2007,46(5) :496-500．
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