强随机噪声条件下时窗类型局部线性化对TFPF技术的影响
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摘要
为了更广泛地应用时频峰值滤波方法消减地震勘探记录中强随机噪声,本文比较详细地探讨了该方法在应用时需要处理的时窗选取、一个时窗内局部线性化等主要基础技术问题.经过时变时窗的仿真计算,运用多项指标比较,包括整体背景强弱、振幅谱、信噪比、均方误差、有效子波波峰波谷幅值、畸变程度,综合评价出(L_0+L_x)时窗滤波的效果较理想.对于三角波这类简单类型的周期波,其时频峰值滤波效果与边线段平均曲率变化、时窗长度等条件有关,即三角波边线段平均曲率越大,滤波结果的均方误差越大;兄外,边线段平均曲率增大时,选取的时窗长度有变小的趋势,总之,在地震勘探中应用时频峰值滤波方法消减强随机噪声时,一方面要合理地选取时窗参数,另一方面时窗参数又不能变化过大,以避免对有效子波波形产生畸变影响.
Time-frequency peak filtering (TFPF) method is a staple technique for eliminating strong random noise in seismic exploration data.For applying these techniques extensively,this paper discussed the details of application of this method,such as choice of the length of time window,local linearization in one time window,etc.For the results of the simulation of time-varying time window TFPF,we compare many values,including the strength of global background,the amplitude of spectrum,signal-to-noise ratio,mean square error,the amplitude of peak/valley of valid wavelet, and the degree of the aberrance of wavelets,and then conclude synthetically that time-windowing filtering (L_o-L_x) will get rather ideal effect.In the case of triangle waves,the filtering effect of TFPF is related to the average curvature of side line,the length of time window,etc.The bigger the average curvature of side line is,the bigger the mean square error is;moreover,increasing the average curvature of side line will cause a trend of decreasing in the chosen length of time window.In conclusion,applying TFPF method for eliminating random noise in seismic exploration,suitable parameter of time window should be chosen,on the other hand,the parameter of time window should not vary too much,so the waveform of valid wavelet is not distorted.
Time-frequency peak filtering (TFPF) method is a staple technique for eliminating strong random noise in seismic exploration data.For applying these techniques extensively,this paper discussed the details of application of this method,such as choice of the length of time window,local linearization in one time window,etc.For the results of the simulation of time-varying time window TFPF,we compare many values,including the strength of global background,the amplitude of spectrum,signal-to-noise ratio,mean square error,the amplitude of peak/valley of valid wavelet, and the degree of the aberrance of wavelets,and then conclude synthetically that time-windowing filtering (L_o-L_x) will get rather ideal effect.In the case of triangle waves,the filtering effect of TFPF is related to the average curvature of side line,the length of time window,etc.The bigger the average curvature of side line is,the bigger the mean square error is;moreover,increasing the average curvature of side line will cause a trend of decreasing in the chosen length of time window.In conclusion,applying TFPF method for eliminating random noise in seismic exploration,suitable parameter of time window should be chosen,on the other hand,the parameter of time window should not vary too much,so the waveform of valid wavelet is not distorted.
引文
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[12] 王建民,杨冬,魏修成等.多分量地震资料预测松辽盆地兴城地区深层火山岩与有利含气带.地球物理学报,2007,50(6) :1914～1923 Wang J M,Yang D,Wei X C,et al.Predicting deep volcanic rocks and favorable gas zone near Xingcheng area in Sonliao Basin using multicomponent seismic data. Chinese J.Geophys.(in chinese),2007,50(6) :1914～1923
[13] 李月,杨宝俊,林红波等.地震勘探时空域双曲滤波因子的特点与提高信噪比的能力.地球物理学报,2008,51(5) :1557～1566 Li Y,Yang B J,Lin H B,et al.Characteristics of hyperbolic time-distance relation filter in seismic prospecting and its ability increasing signal-to-noise ratio.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(5) :1557～1566
[14] Boualem B,Mostefa M.Signal enhancement by timefrequency peak filtering.IEEE Transations on Signal Processing,2004,52(4) :929～937
[15] Lin H B,Li Y,Yang B J.Recovery of seismic events by timefrequency peak filtering.Proceedings of IEEE,ICIP 2007,V:441～444
[16] Katkovnik V,Stankovic L J.Instantaneous frequency estimation using the Wigner distribution with varying and data driven window length.IEEE Trans.Signal Processing,1998,46(Step.):2315～2325
[2] 万海涛,苏永昌,俞寿朋.3 D叠后地震资料多项式拟合提窗信噪比和道内插.石油地球物理勘探,1994,29(2) :208～212 Wan H T,Su Y C,Yu S P.Improved the singal/noise ratio of stacked 3 D seismic data by polynomial fitting method,and the trace interpolation.OGP(in Chinese),1994,29(2) :208～212
[3] Liu C,Liu Y,Yang B J,et al.A 2D multistage median filter to reduce random seismic noise.Geopkysics,2006,71(5) :105～110
[4] Zhang R F,Tadeusz J U.Physical wavelet frame denoising.Geophysics,2003,68(1) :225～231
[5] 杨立强,宋海斌,郝天珧等.基于二维小波变换的随机噪声压制方法研究.石油物探,2005,44(1) :4～6 YangL Q,Song H B,Hao T Y,et al.Method of 2-D wavelet transform in attenuating random noise.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),2005,44(1) :4～6
[6] Michael J.Edge preserving filtering on 3 D seismic data using complex wavelet transforms. SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2006． 2872～2876
[7] Maiza B,Mirko V D B.Local singular value decornposition for signal enhancement of seismic data.Geophysics,2007,72(2) :V59～V65
[8] Li Yue,Yang B J,Yuan Y.et al.Ability to detect weak effective seismic signals by utilizing chaotic vibrator system.Chinese Science Bulletin,2006,51(24) :3010～3017
[9] 邓小英,李月.Ricker子波核最小二乘支持向量机在地震勘探信号去噪应用中的参数设置研究.地球物理学进展,2007,22(3) :954～959 Deng X Y,Li Y.Study of parameters setting for least square support vector machine based on Ricker wavelet kernel in the denoising applications of seismic prospecting signals.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(3) :954～959
[10] Felix J H,Wang DL,Gilles H,et al.Curvelet-based seismic data processing:A multiscal and nonlinear approach.Geophysics,2008,73(1) :A1～A5
[11] 王建民,陈树民,苏茂鑫等.近地表高频补偿技术在三维地震勘探中的应用研究.地球物理学报,2007,50(6) :1837～1843 Wang J M,Chen S M,Su M X,et al.A study of the near surface high-frequency compensation technology in 3-D seismic exploration.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(6) :1837～1843
[12] 王建民,杨冬,魏修成等.多分量地震资料预测松辽盆地兴城地区深层火山岩与有利含气带.地球物理学报,2007,50(6) :1914～1923 Wang J M,Yang D,Wei X C,et al.Predicting deep volcanic rocks and favorable gas zone near Xingcheng area in Sonliao Basin using multicomponent seismic data. Chinese J.Geophys.(in chinese),2007,50(6) :1914～1923
[13] 李月,杨宝俊,林红波等.地震勘探时空域双曲滤波因子的特点与提高信噪比的能力.地球物理学报,2008,51(5) :1557～1566 Li Y,Yang B J,Lin H B,et al.Characteristics of hyperbolic time-distance relation filter in seismic prospecting and its ability increasing signal-to-noise ratio.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(5) :1557～1566
[14] Boualem B,Mostefa M.Signal enhancement by timefrequency peak filtering.IEEE Transations on Signal Processing,2004,52(4) :929～937
[15] Lin H B,Li Y,Yang B J.Recovery of seismic events by timefrequency peak filtering.Proceedings of IEEE,ICIP 2007,V:441～444
[16] Katkovnik V,Stankovic L J.Instantaneous frequency estimation using the Wigner distribution with varying and data driven window length.IEEE Trans.Signal Processing,1998,46(Step.):2315～2325
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