南海深水块体搬运沉积体系及其油气勘探意义
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摘要
依据块体搬运沉积体系的地球物理识别特征,利用最新采集的二维和三维高分辨率地震资料,在南海深水区域的琼东南盆地、白云凹陷和文莱深水地层中发现了块体搬运沉积体系(MTDs);建立典型MTDs的沉积模式,探讨MTDs的深水油气勘探意义。结果表明:MTDs表现为弱振幅和反射杂乱的特点,发育正断层、逆冲断层、挤压脊和褶皱等沉积构造;典型的MTDs可以划分为头部拉张区域、体部滑移-挤压区域和趾部挤压区域3个结构单元;MTDs主要是富泥沉积物,在深水油气勘探中往往充当良好盖层,容易与浊流沉积体系一起形成深水地层圈闭,也有部分MTDs是富砂沉积物,可以成为潜在油气储层。
Based on the geophysical identification characteristics,by the high resolution deep water 2D and 3D seismic data,the mass transport deposits(MTDs) were found in the deep-water formations of the South China Sea,which includes Qiongdongnan Basin,Baiyun Sag and Brunei.The sediment model of MTDs was built,and its significance for deep-water oil and gas exploration was discussed.The results show that MTDs are characterized by low amplitude,chaotic and translucent seismic reflection.And they are easy to form many sedimentary structures such as normal fault,thrust fault,pressure ridge and fold.The typical MTDs can be divided into three sections such as tensional head,compressive body and toe.MTDs are mainly mud-rich sediments and can usually be as excellent cover,and form deep-water trap cooperation with turbidity system.A little fraction of sand-prone MTDs can be a potential reservoir.
Based on the geophysical identification characteristics,by the high resolution deep water 2D and 3D seismic data,the mass transport deposits(MTDs) were found in the deep-water formations of the South China Sea,which includes Qiongdongnan Basin,Baiyun Sag and Brunei.The sediment model of MTDs was built,and its significance for deep-water oil and gas exploration was discussed.The results show that MTDs are characterized by low amplitude,chaotic and translucent seismic reflection.And they are easy to form many sedimentary structures such as normal fault,thrust fault,pressure ridge and fold.The typical MTDs can be divided into three sections such as tensional head,compressive body and toe.MTDs are mainly mud-rich sediments and can usually be as excellent cover,and form deep-water trap cooperation with turbidity system.A little fraction of sand-prone MTDs can be a potential reservoir.
引文
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[3]MOSCARDELLI L,WOOD L.New classification systemfor mass transport complexes in offshore Trinidad[J].Basin Research,2008,20:73-98.
[4]李铁刚,曹奇原,李安春,等.从源到汇:大陆边缘的沉积作用[J].地球科学进展,2003,18(5):713-722.LI Tie-gang,CAO Qi-yuan,LI An-chun,et al.Source tosink:sedimentation in the continental margins[J].Ad-vance in Earth Sciences,2003,18(5):713-722.
[5]李思田,林畅松,张启明,等.南海北部大陆边缘盆地模式裂陷的动力过程及10 Ma以来的构造事件[J].科学通报,1998,43(8):797-810.LI Si-tian,LIN Chang-song,ZHANG Qi-ming,et al.Dy-namic process of episodic rifting in continental marginalbasin and tectonic events since 10Ma in South China Sea[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1998,43(8):797-810.
[6]朱伟林,张功成,杨少坤,等.南海北部大陆边缘盆地天然气地质[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2007.
[7]石万忠,陈红汉,陈长民,等.珠江口盆地白云凹陷地层压力演化与油气运移模拟[J].地球科学———中国地质大学学报,2006,31(2):229-236.SHI Wan-zhong,CHEN Hong-han,CHEN Chang-min,et al.Modeling of pressure evolution and hydrocarbon mi-gration in the Baiyun depression,Pearl River Mouth Ba-sin,China[J].Earth Science—Journal of China Univer-sity of Geosciences,2006,31(2):229-236.
[8]孙运宝,吴时国,王志君,等.南海北部白云大型海底滑坡的几何形态与变形特征[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2008,28(6):69-77.SUN Yun-bao,WU Shi-guo,WANG Zhi-jun,et al.Thegeometry and deformation characteristics of Baiyun sub-marine landslide[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geol-ogy,2008,28(6):69-77.
[9]吴世敏,周蒂,刘海龄.南沙地块构造格局及其演化特征[J].大地构造与成矿学,2004,28(1):23-28.WU Shi-min,ZHOU Di,LIU Hai-ling.Tectonic frame-work and evolutionary characteristics of Nansha Block,South China Sea[J].Geotectonica et Metallogeni,2004,28(1):23-28.
[10]MCGILVERY T,COOK D.The influence of local gradi-ents on accommodation space and linked depositional el-ements across a stepped slope profile,offshore Brunei[C]//ROBERTS H,ROSEN N,FILLON R,et al.Gulf Coast Section-SEPM Foundation 23rd Annual BobF.Perkins Research Conference,2003:23-55.
[11]BEAUBOUEF R,ABREU V,WAGONER J.Basin 4 ofthe Brazos-Trinity slope system,western Gulf of Mexico:The terminal portion of a late Pleistocene lowstand sys-tems tract[C]//ROBERTS H,ROSEN N,FILLON R,et al.Gulf Coast Section-SEPM Foundation 23rd AnnualBob F.Perkins Research Conference,2003:182-203.
[12]NEWTON S,MOSHER D,SHIPP C,et al.Importanceof mass transport complexes in the Quaternary develop-ment of the Nile Fan,Egypt[C].Houston:OTC,2004:OTC16742.
[13]刘保华,李西双,赵月霞,等.冲绳海槽西部陆坡碎屑沉积物的搬运方式:滑塌和重力流[J].海洋与湖沼,2005,36(1):1-9.LIU Bao-hua,LI Xi-shuang,ZHAO Yue-xia,et al.Debris transport on the western continental slope of theokinawa trough:slumping and gravity flowing[J].Oceanologia&Limnologia Sinica,2005,36(1):1-9.
[14]HESTHAMMER J,FOSSEN H.Evolution of geometriesof gravitational collapse structures with examples fromStatfjord field,northern North Sea[J].Marine and Pe-troleum Geology,1999,16:259-281.
[15]COSSEY S,JACOBS R.Oligocene Hackberry formationof southwest Louisiana:sequence stratigraphy,sedimen-tology,and hydrocarbon potential[J].AAPG Bull,1992,76:589-606.
[16]BEAUBOUEF R,ABREU V.MTCs of the Brazos-Trini-ty slope system thoughts on the sequence stratigraphy ofMTCs and their possible roles in shaping hydrocarbontraps[M].New York:The springer-Verlag Press,2010:475-490.
[17]HOFFMAN J,KALUZA M,GRIFFITHS R,et al.Ad-dressing the challenges in the placement of seafloor in-frastructure on the East Breaks Slide[C].Houston:OTC,2004:OTC16748.
[18]PIPER D,PIRMEZ C,MANLEY P,et al.Masstrans-port deposits of the Amazon fan[C]//FLOOD R,PIP-ER D,KLAUS A,et al.Proceedings of the OceanDrilling Program.Scientific Results,1997:109-146.
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