中国大陆地壳应力场与构造运动区域特征研究
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摘要
系统研究了1918～2006年间中国大陆及其周缘发生的3115个M4.6以上中、强地震的震源机制解,得到中国大陆地壳区域应力场的压应力轴和张应力轴空间分布的统计结果.探讨了大陆应力场的结构,以及周围板块运动对中国大陆应力场影响作用范围及其界线.结果表明,中国东部的华北地区受到太平洋板块向欧亚板块俯冲挤压的同时,又受到从贝加尔湖经过大华北直至琉球海沟的广阔范围内存在的方位为170°引张应力场的控制.华北地区大地震的震源机制解反映出,该区地震发生为NEE向挤压应力和NNW向张应力的共同作用结果.印度洋板块向欧亚板块的碰撞挤压运动所产生的强烈的挤压应力,控制了喜马拉雅、青藏高原、乃至延伸到天山及其以北的广大地区.在青藏高原周缘地区和中国西部的大范围内,压应力P轴水平分量位于20°～40°,形成了近北东方向的挤压应力场,大量逆断层型强震集中发生在青藏高原的南、北和西部周缘地区以及天山等地区.本文结果表明,正断层型地震集中发生在青藏高原中部高海拔的地区.证明了青藏高原周缘区域发生南北向强烈挤压短缩的同时,中部高海拔地区存在着明显的近东西向的扩张运动.根据本文最新结果,得到了华北、华南块体之间地壳区域应力场的控制边界线,发现该分界线与大地构造、岩石圈板块构造图等有较大差异,特别是在大别及其以东地区,该分界线向东南偏转,在沿海的温州附近转向东,最终穿过东海直至琉球海沟.台湾纵谷断层是菲律宾海板块与欧亚板块之间碰撞挤压边界,来自北西西向运动的菲律宾海板块构造应力控制了从台湾纵谷、华南块体,直到中国南北地震带南段东部地域的应力场.地震震源机制结果还表明,南北地震带南段西侧其P轴大约为NNE方向,与青藏高原的P轴方位一致.南北地震带南段东侧其P轴大约为NWW方向,与华南块体的P轴方位一致.因此,将中国大陆分成东、西两部分的南北地震带南段是印度洋板块与菲律宾海板块在中国大陆内部影响控制范围的分界线.
Focal mechanism solutions of 3115 middle and great crustal earthquakes(M≥4.6)have been analyzed in and around China between 1918 and 2006.The distribution of extensional and compressive axes was studied by statistic methods.The results suggest that crustal stress field and tectonic movement in and around China are attributable to motions relative to the Eurasian plate of the Indian,Pacific Ocean and Philippine Sea plates,and interactions along blocks of the mainland.The compressive stress due to the collision between the Eurasian and Indian plates dominates the movements from the Himalayas to Tianshan mountains in west China.Azimuths of the horizontal component of compressive stress P-axes likely lie between 20°and 40°,resulting in a stress field near about NE direction in the wide region west of the North-South Seismic Belt.Strong and great events with thrust faulting occurred frequently along the edges of the Tibetan plateau and in the Tianshan region.A lot of normal faulting type earthquakes concentrate in the central part of the Tibetan plateau with high elevations.It means that while north-south shortening occurs in the Tibet plateau and its surroundings,an extensional motion in near E-W direction,however,is revealed in the high elevation area of the plateau.Focal mechanism solutions in North China show that the events occurred under the compressive stress in near NE direction due to the subduction of the Pacific Ocean plate beneath Eurasian plate as well as an extensional stress of azimuth 170° from the Baikal extension.The boundary between North China and South China obtained from regional stress field is different from other tectonic results.The trend of boundary turns to southeast in and east of the Dabie region,passing through Wenzhou and the East China Sea,to the Ryukyu trench.The valley fault of Taiwan is the collision boundary between the Eurasian and Philippine Sea plates.The stress field due the northwestward motion of the Philippine Sea plate dominates the stress of lithosphere from the Taiwan region to the eastern part of the southern segment of the North-South Seismic Belt through South China.
Focal mechanism solutions of 3115 middle and great crustal earthquakes(M≥4.6)have been analyzed in and around China between 1918 and 2006.The distribution of extensional and compressive axes was studied by statistic methods.The results suggest that crustal stress field and tectonic movement in and around China are attributable to motions relative to the Eurasian plate of the Indian,Pacific Ocean and Philippine Sea plates,and interactions along blocks of the mainland.The compressive stress due to the collision between the Eurasian and Indian plates dominates the movements from the Himalayas to Tianshan mountains in west China.Azimuths of the horizontal component of compressive stress P-axes likely lie between 20°and 40°,resulting in a stress field near about NE direction in the wide region west of the North-South Seismic Belt.Strong and great events with thrust faulting occurred frequently along the edges of the Tibetan plateau and in the Tianshan region.A lot of normal faulting type earthquakes concentrate in the central part of the Tibetan plateau with high elevations.It means that while north-south shortening occurs in the Tibet plateau and its surroundings,an extensional motion in near E-W direction,however,is revealed in the high elevation area of the plateau.Focal mechanism solutions in North China show that the events occurred under the compressive stress in near NE direction due to the subduction of the Pacific Ocean plate beneath Eurasian plate as well as an extensional stress of azimuth 170° from the Baikal extension.The boundary between North China and South China obtained from regional stress field is different from other tectonic results.The trend of boundary turns to southeast in and east of the Dabie region,passing through Wenzhou and the East China Sea,to the Ryukyu trench.The valley fault of Taiwan is the collision boundary between the Eurasian and Philippine Sea plates.The stress field due the northwestward motion of the Philippine Sea plate dominates the stress of lithosphere from the Taiwan region to the eastern part of the southern segment of the North-South Seismic Belt through South China.
引文
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[6]趙志新,松村一男,尾池和夫等.東アジアにおける地震活動変化の地域特-と関連性について、(3)中国西部と隣接地域.地震,1988,41(2):389～400Zhao Z X,Matsumura K,Oike K,et al.Regional characteristics of temporal variations of seismic activity in east Asia and their mutual relations(3)West China and its Neigboring regions.Zisin,1988,41(2):389～400
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[8]Eldridge M Moores,Robert J Twiss.Tectonics.New York:W H.Freeman and Company,1995
[9]Tapponnier P.Propagating extrusion tectonics in Asia:New insights from simple experiments with plasticine.Geology,1982,10(2):614～616
[10]许忠淮.东亚地区现今构造应力图的编制.地震学报,2001,23(5):492～501Xu Z H.A present-day tectonic stress map for eastern Asia region.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese).2001,23(5):492～501
[11]Xu J R,Zhao Z X,Oike K Z.Tectonics characteristics of seismogenic stress fieldin east Asia.In:Fujinawa A Y.et al.ed.Seismotectonics in Convergent Plate Boundary.Tokyo:Terra Scientific Publishing Company,2002.481～497
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[14]环文林,时振梁,鄢家全,汪素云.中国及邻区现代构造形变特征.地震学报,1979,1(2):109～120,214～216Huan WL,Shi Z L,Yan J Q,Wang S Y.Characteristics of the recent tectonic deformations of China and its vicinity.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),1979,1(2):109～120,214～216
[15]汪素云,陈培善.中国及邻区现代构造应力场的数字模拟,地球物理学报,1980,23(1):35～45Wang S Y,Chen P S.Anumerical simulation of the present tectonic stress field of China and its vicinity.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1980,23(1):35～45
[16]吴忠良,黄静,林碧苍.中国西部地震视应力的空间分布,地震学报,2002,22(3):293～301Wu Z L,Huang J,Lin B C.Distribution of apparent stress in western china.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),2002,22(3):293～301
[17]Zhu S B,Cai Y E,Shi Y L.The contemporarytectonic strain rate field of continental china predicted from GPS measurements and its geodynamic implications.Pure&Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH,2006,163(8):1477～1493
[18]Molnar P,Tapponnier P.A possible dependence of tectonic strength onthe age of the crust in Asia.Earthand Planetary Science Letters,1981,52:107～114
[19]张肇诚.中国震例(1966～1975).北京:地震出版社,1988,1966～1975Zhang Z C.Chinese Earthquake Cases(1966～1975)(in Chinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,1988
[20]薛棋福.中国震例(1997～1999).北京:地震出版社,2002Xue Q F.Chinese Earthquake Cases(1997～1999)(in Chinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,2002
[21]Xu J R,Zhao Z X,Yuzo Ishikawa,Kazuo Oike.Properties of the stress field in and around west China,derived from earthquake mechanism solutions,bulletin of the disaster prevention research institute.Kyoto University,1988,38(2):49～78
[22]Xu J R,Zhao Z X,Kazuo Oike.Spatiotemporal distributions of seismic activityin east asian andits relation to the regional stress field.Acta Seismologica Sinica,1992,5(2):263～269
[23]徐纪人,赵志新,石川有三.青藏高原中南部岩石圈扩张应力场与羊八井地热异常形成机制.地球物理学报,2005,48(4):861～869Xu J R,Zhao Z X,Ishikawa Yozo.Extensional stress fieldin the central and southern Tibetan plateau and dynamic mechanismof geothermic anomalyinthe Yangbajain.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(4):861～869
[24]Froidevaux C,Ricard Y.Tectonic evolution of high plateau.Tectonophysics,1987,134:227～238
[25]趙志新,松村一男,尾池和夫等.東アジアにおける地震活動変化の地域特-と関連性について、(2)台湾から華南へいたる地域.地震,1987,40(2):593～604Zhao Z X,Matsumura K,Oike K,et al.Regional characteristics of temporal variations of seismic activity in east Asia and their mutual relations(3)west China and its neigboring regions.Zisin,1987,40(2):593～604
[26]趙志新,松村一男,尾池和夫等.東アジアにおける地震活動変化の地域特-と関連性について、(1)中国華北から日本海溝へいたる地域.地震,1987,40(2):383～392.Zhao Z X,Matsumura K,Oike K,et al.Regional characteristics of temporal variations of seismic activity in east Asia and their mutual relations(1).Region from North China to Japan Trench.Zisin,1987,40(2):383～392
[27]Zhao Z X,Oike K,Matsumura K.Stress field in the continental part of China derived fromtemporal variations of Seismic activity.Tectonophysics,1990,178:357～372
[28]马丽芳.中国地质图集.北京:地质出版社,2002Ma L F.Geological Maps of China(in Chinese).Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2002
[29]徐纪人,尾池和夫.南北地震带南段应力场特征及其与板块运动的关系.地震学报,1995,17(1):31～40Xu J R,Oike Kazuo.Earthquake mechanisms and its implication for tectonic stress fieldin the southern part of the North-South seismic belt in China.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),1995,17(1):31～40
[30]石川有三.西日本とアム-ルプレ-ト.月刊地球,2002,38:20～30Ishikawa Y.West Japan and Amur plate.Earth(in Japanese),2002,38:20～30
[2]Xu J R,Zhao Z X,Ishikawa Y,et al.Properties of the stress field in and around west China derived from earthquake Mechanism solutions.Bulletin of the Disaster Prevention Research Institute,Kyoto University,1988,38:49～78
[3]Avouac A,Tapponnier P.Kinematic model of active deformationin central Asia.Geophys.Res.Lett.,1993,20:895～898
[4]曾融生,丁志峰,吴庆举.喜马拉雅及南藏的地壳俯冲带—地震学证据.地球物理学报,2000,43(2):590～599Zeng R S,Ding Z F,Wu QJ.Seismological evidence for the mulitiple incomplete crustal subductions in Himalaya and south Tibet.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2000,43(2):590～599
[5]徐纪人,赵志新.青藏高原及其周围地区区域应力场与构造运动特征.中国地质,2006,33(2):275～285Xu J R,Zhao Z X.Regional characteristics of stress field and tectonic motions in and around the Tibetan plateau.Geology in China(in Chinese),2006,33(2):275～285
[6]趙志新,松村一男,尾池和夫等.東アジアにおける地震活動変化の地域特-と関連性について、(3)中国西部と隣接地域.地震,1988,41(2):389～400Zhao Z X,Matsumura K,Oike K,et al.Regional characteristics of temporal variations of seismic activity in east Asia and their mutual relations(3)West China and its Neigboring regions.Zisin,1988,41(2):389～400
[7]Molnar P.Areview of the seismicity and the rates of active underthrusting and deformation at the Himalaya.Journal of Himalayan Geology,1990,1:131～154
[8]Eldridge M Moores,Robert J Twiss.Tectonics.New York:W H.Freeman and Company,1995
[9]Tapponnier P.Propagating extrusion tectonics in Asia:New insights from simple experiments with plasticine.Geology,1982,10(2):614～616
[10]许忠淮.东亚地区现今构造应力图的编制.地震学报,2001,23(5):492～501Xu Z H.A present-day tectonic stress map for eastern Asia region.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese).2001,23(5):492～501
[11]Xu J R,Zhao Z X,Oike K Z.Tectonics characteristics of seismogenic stress fieldin east Asia.In:Fujinawa A Y.et al.ed.Seismotectonics in Convergent Plate Boundary.Tokyo:Terra Scientific Publishing Company,2002.481～497
[12]时振梁,环文林,武宦英,曹新玲.我国强震活动和板块构造,地质科学,1973,16(4):281～293Shi Z L,Huan W L,Wu H R,Cao X L.On the intensive seismic activity in China and its relation to plate tectonics.Chinese Journal of Geology(in Chinese),1973,16(4):281～293
[13]鄢家全,时振梁,汪素云,环文林.中国及邻区现代构造应力场区域特征.地震学报,1979,1:9～24Yan J Q,Shi Z L,Wang S Y,Huan WL.Some features of the recent tectonic stress field of China and environs.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),1979,1:9～24
[14]环文林,时振梁,鄢家全,汪素云.中国及邻区现代构造形变特征.地震学报,1979,1(2):109～120,214～216Huan WL,Shi Z L,Yan J Q,Wang S Y.Characteristics of the recent tectonic deformations of China and its vicinity.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),1979,1(2):109～120,214～216
[15]汪素云,陈培善.中国及邻区现代构造应力场的数字模拟,地球物理学报,1980,23(1):35～45Wang S Y,Chen P S.Anumerical simulation of the present tectonic stress field of China and its vicinity.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1980,23(1):35～45
[16]吴忠良,黄静,林碧苍.中国西部地震视应力的空间分布,地震学报,2002,22(3):293～301Wu Z L,Huang J,Lin B C.Distribution of apparent stress in western china.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),2002,22(3):293～301
[17]Zhu S B,Cai Y E,Shi Y L.The contemporarytectonic strain rate field of continental china predicted from GPS measurements and its geodynamic implications.Pure&Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH,2006,163(8):1477～1493
[18]Molnar P,Tapponnier P.A possible dependence of tectonic strength onthe age of the crust in Asia.Earthand Planetary Science Letters,1981,52:107～114
[19]张肇诚.中国震例(1966～1975).北京:地震出版社,1988,1966～1975Zhang Z C.Chinese Earthquake Cases(1966～1975)(in Chinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,1988
[20]薛棋福.中国震例(1997～1999).北京:地震出版社,2002Xue Q F.Chinese Earthquake Cases(1997～1999)(in Chinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,2002
[21]Xu J R,Zhao Z X,Yuzo Ishikawa,Kazuo Oike.Properties of the stress field in and around west China,derived from earthquake mechanism solutions,bulletin of the disaster prevention research institute.Kyoto University,1988,38(2):49～78
[22]Xu J R,Zhao Z X,Kazuo Oike.Spatiotemporal distributions of seismic activityin east asian andits relation to the regional stress field.Acta Seismologica Sinica,1992,5(2):263～269
[23]徐纪人,赵志新,石川有三.青藏高原中南部岩石圈扩张应力场与羊八井地热异常形成机制.地球物理学报,2005,48(4):861～869Xu J R,Zhao Z X,Ishikawa Yozo.Extensional stress fieldin the central and southern Tibetan plateau and dynamic mechanismof geothermic anomalyinthe Yangbajain.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(4):861～869
[24]Froidevaux C,Ricard Y.Tectonic evolution of high plateau.Tectonophysics,1987,134:227～238
[25]趙志新,松村一男,尾池和夫等.東アジアにおける地震活動変化の地域特-と関連性について、(2)台湾から華南へいたる地域.地震,1987,40(2):593～604Zhao Z X,Matsumura K,Oike K,et al.Regional characteristics of temporal variations of seismic activity in east Asia and their mutual relations(3)west China and its neigboring regions.Zisin,1987,40(2):593～604
[26]趙志新,松村一男,尾池和夫等.東アジアにおける地震活動変化の地域特-と関連性について、(1)中国華北から日本海溝へいたる地域.地震,1987,40(2):383～392.Zhao Z X,Matsumura K,Oike K,et al.Regional characteristics of temporal variations of seismic activity in east Asia and their mutual relations(1).Region from North China to Japan Trench.Zisin,1987,40(2):383～392
[27]Zhao Z X,Oike K,Matsumura K.Stress field in the continental part of China derived fromtemporal variations of Seismic activity.Tectonophysics,1990,178:357～372
[28]马丽芳.中国地质图集.北京:地质出版社,2002Ma L F.Geological Maps of China(in Chinese).Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2002
[29]徐纪人,尾池和夫.南北地震带南段应力场特征及其与板块运动的关系.地震学报,1995,17(1):31～40Xu J R,Oike Kazuo.Earthquake mechanisms and its implication for tectonic stress fieldin the southern part of the North-South seismic belt in China.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),1995,17(1):31～40
[30]石川有三.西日本とアム-ルプレ-ト.月刊地球,2002,38:20～30Ishikawa Y.West Japan and Amur plate.Earth(in Japanese),2002,38:20～30
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