地下水位对近震和远震异常响应的比较——以汶川地震和苏门答腊地震为例
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摘要
地震引起的深层地下水位异常具有多样性和复杂性的特点。为了进一步探索深层地下水位动态与地震作用过程之间的联系机制,发挥深层地下水位对地震活动的指示作用,以2008年汶川Ms8.0地震和2007年苏门答腊Ms8.5地震为研究背景,对川、滇、陕、甘、渝地区井水位对两次地震的响应特征进行了比较。研究发现:地下水位远震响应形态主要以振荡型和阶变型为主,异常出现的时间较晚;地下水位近震响应形态比较复杂,以阶变型、脉冲型以及振荡型为主,异常出现的时间几乎与地震的发生同步。根据深层地下水位对地壳应力的响应机理,分析了各典型井水位对远震和近震不同响应的原因。结果表明:地下水位对远震的响应主要是由于含水层介质受到地震波应力的作用;对近震异常响应原因比较复杂,主要是含水层介质受到区域构造应力和地震波应力的共同作用的结果,震中距越小,含水层受到震源构造应力场的控制作用越大。
Seismic groundwater level anomalies caused by earthquakes are characterized by diversity and complexity.To further explore the mechanism between deep groundwater dynamics and seismic activity and to play an indicative role of groundwater-level to seismic activity,taking 2008 Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake and 2007 Sumatra earthquake Ms8.5 as case study,by the analysis of groundwater-level in the regions including Sichuan,Yunnan,Gansu,Shaanxi,Chongqing,the study summed up the different response characteristics and regularity of the same well water level to the two earthquakes.Groundwater level response characteristics to distant earthquake mainly appeared oscillation-type and step-type,the occurrence of anomalies was later than the earthquake.Groundwater-level response characteristics to local earthquake was relatively complicated,mainly appearing step,pulse and oscillation types,and the occurrence of anomalies was as almost simultaneous with earthquake.And according to the response mechanism of groundwater-level to crustal stress,the authors analyzed the different response reasons of typical well water levels to distant and local earthquakes.The groundwater-level response to distant earthquake is due to the seismic wave stress on the aquifer medium.The groundwater-level response to local earthquake is mainly due to the regional tectonic stress and the seismic wave stress on the aquifer medium.The smaller the epicenter distance is,the greater the seismic tectonic stress field under the aquifers is.
Seismic groundwater level anomalies caused by earthquakes are characterized by diversity and complexity.To further explore the mechanism between deep groundwater dynamics and seismic activity and to play an indicative role of groundwater-level to seismic activity,taking 2008 Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake and 2007 Sumatra earthquake Ms8.5 as case study,by the analysis of groundwater-level in the regions including Sichuan,Yunnan,Gansu,Shaanxi,Chongqing,the study summed up the different response characteristics and regularity of the same well water level to the two earthquakes.Groundwater level response characteristics to distant earthquake mainly appeared oscillation-type and step-type,the occurrence of anomalies was later than the earthquake.Groundwater-level response characteristics to local earthquake was relatively complicated,mainly appearing step,pulse and oscillation types,and the occurrence of anomalies was as almost simultaneous with earthquake.And according to the response mechanism of groundwater-level to crustal stress,the authors analyzed the different response reasons of typical well water levels to distant and local earthquakes.The groundwater-level response to distant earthquake is due to the seismic wave stress on the aquifer medium.The groundwater-level response to local earthquake is mainly due to the regional tectonic stress and the seismic wave stress on the aquifer medium.The smaller the epicenter distance is,the greater the seismic tectonic stress field under the aquifers is.
引文
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[17]车用太,鱼金子,张淑良,等.山西朔州井水位的“前驱波”记录及其讨论[J].地震学报,2002,24(2):211-216.CHE Yong-tai,YU Jin-zi,ZHANG Shu-liang,et al.The records of waterlevel“precursors”and theirdiscussion in well Shuozhou,Shanxi Province[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2002,24(2):211-216.
[2]耿杰,张昭栋,魏焕,等.唐山地震前后地下水动态图像及其形成演化模式[J].地震地质,1998,20(3):255-260.GENG Jie,ZHANG Zhao-dong,WEI Huan,et al.Dynamic pattern of groundwater level before and afterthe Tangshan earthquake and its mode of formationand evolution[J].Seismology and Geology,1998,20(3):255-260.
[3]Wang C Y,Wang C H,Kuo C H.Temporal change ingroundwater level following the 1999(Mw=7.5)Chi-Chi earthquake,Taiwan[J].Geofluids,2004,4(6):210-220.
[4]Sato T,Matsumoto N,Kitagawa Y,et al.Changes ingroundwater level associated with the 2003Tokachi-Oki earthquake[J].Earth Planets Space,2004,56:395-400.
[5]中国地震局监测预报司.2004年印度尼西亚苏门答腊8.7级大地震及其对中国大陆地区的影响[M].北京:地震出版社,2005.Department of Monitoring and Prediction,ChinaEarthquake Administration.2004Sumatran Ms8.7earthquake and its influence on the Chinese mainland[M].Beijing:Seismological Publishing House,2005.
[6]车用太,刘成龙,鱼金子,等.汶川Ms8.0地震的地下流体与宏观异常及地震预测问题的思考[J].地震地质,2008,30(4):828-838.CHE Yong-tai,LIU Cheng-long,YU Jin-zi,et al.Underground fulid anomaly and macro anomaaly of Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake and opinions aboutearthquake prediction[J].Seismology and Geology,2008,30(4):828-838.
[7]付虹,邬成栋,刘强,等.印尼巨大地震引起的云南水位异常记录及其意义[J].地震地质,2007,29(4):873-881.FU Hong,WU Cheng-dong,LIU Qiang,et al.Researchon coseismic and post seismic effect of ground waterfor the local and near earthquake[J].Seismology andGeology,2007,29(4):873-881.
[8]付虹,刘丽芳,王世芹,等.地方震及近震地下水同震后效应研究[J].地震,2002,22(4):55-66.FU Hong,LIU Li-fang,WANG Shi-qin,et al.Reasearch on coseismic and post seismic effect ofground water for the local and near earthquake[J].Earthquake,2002,22(4):55-66.
[9]Wakita H.Water wells as possible indicators of tec-tonics strain[J].Science,1975,189:553-555.
[10]Quilty E G,Roeloffs E A.Water level changes inresponse to the December 20,1994 Ms 4.7earthquake near Parkfield,California[J].Bulletion ofthe Seismological Society of America,1997,87:310-317.
[11]Roeloffs E A.Persistent water level changes in a wellnear Parkfield California,due to local and distantearthquake[J].J Geophys Res,1998,103(B1):869-889.
[12]King C Y,Azuma S,Igarashi G,et al.Earthquake-related water-level changes at 16closely clusteredwells in Tono,Central Japan[J].Geophys Res,1999,104(B6):13073-13082.
[13]Brodsky E E,Roeloffs E A.A mechanism for sus-tained groundwater pressure changes induced bydistant earthquake[J].J Geophys Res,2003,108(B8):2390-2399.
[14]David R M,Michael M.Streamflow and water wellresponses to earthquakes[J].Science,2003,300:2047-2049.
[15]杨转竹.地震引起的地下水位变化及其机理初步研究[D].北京:中国地震局地质研究所,2004.YANG Zhuan-zhu.Water-level changes induced byearthquakes and a preliminary study of theirmechanism[D].Beijing:Institute of Geology,ChinaEarthquake Administration,2004.
[16]杨转竹,邓志辉,赵云旭,等.云南思茅大寨井水位同震阶变的初步研究[J].地震学报,2005,27(5):569-574.YANG Zhuan-zhu,DENG Zhi-hui,ZHAO Yun-xu,etal.Preliminary study on coseismic steps of water-levelin Dazhai well,Simao City,Yunnan Province[J].ActaSeismologica Sinica,2005,27(5):569-574.
[17]车用太,鱼金子,张淑良,等.山西朔州井水位的“前驱波”记录及其讨论[J].地震学报,2002,24(2):211-216.CHE Yong-tai,YU Jin-zi,ZHANG Shu-liang,et al.The records of waterlevel“precursors”and theirdiscussion in well Shuozhou,Shanxi Province[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2002,24(2):211-216.
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