基于射线理论面向层状介质的三维观测系统聚焦束分辨率计算
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摘要
本文用射线理论简化了观测系统双聚焦束分辨率的计算,即首先根据射线理论求得由目标点激发的地表响应——CFP道集,再将CFP道集向下延拓聚焦到目标层,得到聚焦束。观测系统中检波点和震源分布密集时成像效果更好。当存在较大倾角构造时,成像点周围的能量团会向构造倾向偏离,且在观测系统(检波点和震源点分布)稀疏时更明显。理论和实际模型试算结果均表明,该方法计算速度较快、效率较高,且符合精度要求。
This paper simplifies the double-focus resolution algorithm based on seismic ray theory.First,the response of the target point at the surface is calculated according to seismic ray theory,which is called CFP gather.Then the CFP gather is focused to the target layer by downward extrapolating,getting the focus beams.The image resolution gets better with the higher density of geophone and source distribution.If there is a high dip angle structure,the energy around the target point would move toward the structure trend,obviously when the geophone and source distributes sparsely.This method is proved to be effective and accurate and meet the precision requirement through theory and actual model tests.
This paper simplifies the double-focus resolution algorithm based on seismic ray theory.First,the response of the target point at the surface is calculated according to seismic ray theory,which is called CFP gather.Then the CFP gather is focused to the target layer by downward extrapolating,getting the focus beams.The image resolution gets better with the higher density of geophone and source distribution.If there is a high dip angle structure,the energy around the target point would move toward the structure trend,obviously when the geophone and source distributes sparsely.This method is proved to be effective and accurate and meet the precision requirement through theory and actual model tests.
引文
[1]Berkhout A J.Seismic Migration:Imaging of A-coustic Energy by Wave Field Extrapolation.Am-sterdam,Elsevier Scientific Pub Co,1982～1984
[2]Berkhout A J.Pushing the limits of seismic imaging,PartⅠ:Prestack migration in terms of double dy-namic focusing.Geophysics,1997,62(3):937～953
[3]Berkhout A J.Pushing the limits of seismic imaging,PartⅡ:Integration of prestack migration,velocity es-timation,and AVO analysis.Geophysics,1997,62(3):954～969
[4]Berkhout A J.Ongkiehong L.Analysis of seismic ac-quisition geometries by focal beams.SEG TechnicalProgram Expanded Abstracts,1998,17:82～85
[5]Berkhout A J.CFP technology,new opportunities inseismic processing.SEG Technical Program Ex-panded Abstracts,2000,19:778～781
[6]Berkhout A J,Ongkiehong L.Comprehensive assess-ment of seismic acquisition geometries by focalbeams—partⅠ:Theoretical considerations.Geo-physics,2001,66(3):911～917
[7]Volker A W F,Blacquiere G,Ongkiehong L.Optimi-zation of 3-D data acquisition geometries.SEG Tech-nical Program Expanded Abstracts,1998,17:86～89
[8]Volker A W F et al.Analysis and optimization of 3-Dseismic acquisition geometries by focal beams.SEGTechnical Program Expanded Abstracts,2000,19:68～71
[9]Volker A W F,Blacquiere G.Comprehensive assess-ment of seismic acquisition geometries by focalbeams—partⅡ:Practical aspects and examples.Geo-physics,2001,66(3):918～931
[10]Volker A W F.Assessment of 3-D Seismic Acquisi-tion Geometries by Focal Beam Analysis[D].TheNetherlands:Delft University of Technology,2002
[11]Veldhuizen E J V.Acquisition geometry analysis u-sing quantitative measures for image quality.SEGTechnical Program Expanded Abstracts,2003,22,2148～2151
[12]Veldhuizen E J V.Integrated Approach to 3DSeis-mic Acquisition Geometry Analysis[D].The Nether-lands:Delft university of Technology,2006
[13]狄帮让,王长春,顾培成等.三维观测系统优化设计的双聚焦方法.石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(5):463～469Di Bang-rang,Wang Chang-chun,Gu Pei-cheng et al.Double focusing method for 3-D geometry-optimizeddesign.OGP,2003,38(5):463～469
[14]Cao Wei-ping,Di Bang-rang,Gu Pei-cheng.Migrationspatial resolution estimation algorithm for stratifiedmedium with focal beams.SEG Technical ProgramExpanded Abstracts,2004,23:2200～2203
[15]狄帮让,曹卫平,顾培成.不同介质模型的双聚焦计算方法.石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(2):123～128Di Bang-rang,Cao Wei-ping and Gu Pei-cheng.Doub-le-focus algorithm of models in different medium.OGP,2006,41(2):123～128
[16]姚刚,刘学伟.基于Rayleigh积分的聚焦束估算层状介质的三维地震观测系统分辨率.地球物理学进展,2010,25(2):432～438Yao Gang,Liu Xue-wei.Resolution of 3Dseismic ac-quisition geometries based on the double focal beammethod.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2010,25(2):432～438
[17]高尔根,徐果明,蒋先艺等.三维结构下逐段迭代射线追踪方法.石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(1):11～16Gao Er-gen,Xu Guo-ming,Jiang Xian-yi et al.Itera-tive ray-tracing method segment by segment under 3-D construction.OGP,2002,37(1):11～16
[18]刘洪,孟凡林,李幼铭.计算最小走时和射线路径的界面网全局方法.地球物理学报,1995,38(6):823～832Liu Hong,Meng Fan-lin,Li You-ming.The interfacegrid method for seeking global minimum travel-timeand the correspondent raypath.Acta Geophysica Sin-ica,1995,38(6):823～832
[19]Nowack R L,Psencik I.Perturbation from isotropicto anisotropic media in the ray approximation.Geo-physics J Int,1991,106:1～10
[20]Cerveny V,Molotkov I A,Psencik I.Ray Method inSeismology.Charles Univ Press,1977
[21]Cordsen A等著;俞寿朋等译.陆上三维地震勘探的设计与施工.石油地球物理勘探局,1996
[22]Keho T H,Beydoun W B.Paraxial ray Kirchhoff mi-gration.Geophysics,1988,53(12):1540～1546
[23]邓飞,刘超颖,赵波等.高斯射线束正演与偏移.石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(3):265～269,281Deng Fei,Liu Chao-ying,Zhao Bo et al.Gaussianbeam forward simulation and migration.OGP,2009,44(3):265～269,281
[2]Berkhout A J.Pushing the limits of seismic imaging,PartⅠ:Prestack migration in terms of double dy-namic focusing.Geophysics,1997,62(3):937～953
[3]Berkhout A J.Pushing the limits of seismic imaging,PartⅡ:Integration of prestack migration,velocity es-timation,and AVO analysis.Geophysics,1997,62(3):954～969
[4]Berkhout A J.Ongkiehong L.Analysis of seismic ac-quisition geometries by focal beams.SEG TechnicalProgram Expanded Abstracts,1998,17:82～85
[5]Berkhout A J.CFP technology,new opportunities inseismic processing.SEG Technical Program Ex-panded Abstracts,2000,19:778～781
[6]Berkhout A J,Ongkiehong L.Comprehensive assess-ment of seismic acquisition geometries by focalbeams—partⅠ:Theoretical considerations.Geo-physics,2001,66(3):911～917
[7]Volker A W F,Blacquiere G,Ongkiehong L.Optimi-zation of 3-D data acquisition geometries.SEG Tech-nical Program Expanded Abstracts,1998,17:86～89
[8]Volker A W F et al.Analysis and optimization of 3-Dseismic acquisition geometries by focal beams.SEGTechnical Program Expanded Abstracts,2000,19:68～71
[9]Volker A W F,Blacquiere G.Comprehensive assess-ment of seismic acquisition geometries by focalbeams—partⅡ:Practical aspects and examples.Geo-physics,2001,66(3):918～931
[10]Volker A W F.Assessment of 3-D Seismic Acquisi-tion Geometries by Focal Beam Analysis[D].TheNetherlands:Delft University of Technology,2002
[11]Veldhuizen E J V.Acquisition geometry analysis u-sing quantitative measures for image quality.SEGTechnical Program Expanded Abstracts,2003,22,2148～2151
[12]Veldhuizen E J V.Integrated Approach to 3DSeis-mic Acquisition Geometry Analysis[D].The Nether-lands:Delft university of Technology,2006
[13]狄帮让,王长春,顾培成等.三维观测系统优化设计的双聚焦方法.石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(5):463～469Di Bang-rang,Wang Chang-chun,Gu Pei-cheng et al.Double focusing method for 3-D geometry-optimizeddesign.OGP,2003,38(5):463～469
[14]Cao Wei-ping,Di Bang-rang,Gu Pei-cheng.Migrationspatial resolution estimation algorithm for stratifiedmedium with focal beams.SEG Technical ProgramExpanded Abstracts,2004,23:2200～2203
[15]狄帮让,曹卫平,顾培成.不同介质模型的双聚焦计算方法.石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(2):123～128Di Bang-rang,Cao Wei-ping and Gu Pei-cheng.Doub-le-focus algorithm of models in different medium.OGP,2006,41(2):123～128
[16]姚刚,刘学伟.基于Rayleigh积分的聚焦束估算层状介质的三维地震观测系统分辨率.地球物理学进展,2010,25(2):432～438Yao Gang,Liu Xue-wei.Resolution of 3Dseismic ac-quisition geometries based on the double focal beammethod.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2010,25(2):432～438
[17]高尔根,徐果明,蒋先艺等.三维结构下逐段迭代射线追踪方法.石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(1):11～16Gao Er-gen,Xu Guo-ming,Jiang Xian-yi et al.Itera-tive ray-tracing method segment by segment under 3-D construction.OGP,2002,37(1):11～16
[18]刘洪,孟凡林,李幼铭.计算最小走时和射线路径的界面网全局方法.地球物理学报,1995,38(6):823～832Liu Hong,Meng Fan-lin,Li You-ming.The interfacegrid method for seeking global minimum travel-timeand the correspondent raypath.Acta Geophysica Sin-ica,1995,38(6):823～832
[19]Nowack R L,Psencik I.Perturbation from isotropicto anisotropic media in the ray approximation.Geo-physics J Int,1991,106:1～10
[20]Cerveny V,Molotkov I A,Psencik I.Ray Method inSeismology.Charles Univ Press,1977
[21]Cordsen A等著;俞寿朋等译.陆上三维地震勘探的设计与施工.石油地球物理勘探局,1996
[22]Keho T H,Beydoun W B.Paraxial ray Kirchhoff mi-gration.Geophysics,1988,53(12):1540～1546
[23]邓飞,刘超颖,赵波等.高斯射线束正演与偏移.石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(3):265～269,281Deng Fei,Liu Chao-ying,Zhao Bo et al.Gaussianbeam forward simulation and migration.OGP,2009,44(3):265～269,281
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