中国东北地区地壳、上地幔速度结构及其对矿产能源形成的控制作用
|
摘要
中国东北地区处于古亚洲洋和滨太平洋构造域叠合部位,地质构造极其复杂.利用东北及华北地区部分台网所接收的近震及远震走时资料获得东北地区地壳与上地幔三维P波速度结构,成像分辨率在80 km左右.成像结果表明东北地区地壳与上地幔具有较强的横向不均匀性.P波速度异常走向大体呈北东向,与该区地表构造走向一致.5 km深度的速度异常与地表起伏形态有很好的对应关系:阴山、燕山与大兴安岭造山带表现为高速异常;渤海湾盆地,松辽盆地表现为低速异常,渤海湾低速异常一直延伸至>200 km深度.东北地区呈现两个明显的低速异常条带,分别是沿着长白山一线与松辽盆地地区,其中长白山低速异常延伸至400 km深度附近.地幔转换带(410～660 km)表现为显著高速异常体,这与西向俯冲的高速太平洋板块在地幔转换带中的滞留相对应.较高分辨率的三维速度成像结果表明东北地区构造演化(如岩浆活动、岩石圈演化、深震与火山活动等)与东北亚地区大地幔楔内软流圈上涌与西太平洋板块在地幔转换带中的滞留密切相关.东北地区的岩浆活动在矿产与油气资源的形成过程中起着提供物源和深层控制作用。
Northeast China,which is located at the composite part of Paleo-Asian ocean and Pacific ocean domains,has undergone multi-stage tectonism.The activity of crust and upper mantle is strong and geological structure is complicated.In this paper,we obtain the three-dimensional P-wave velocity model of northeast China by using P-wave travel times from local and teleseismic events in North and Northeast China.The tomographic resolution is about 80 km. The tomographic images show a very heterogeneous structure in the crust and upper mantle under Northeast China.The velocity structure in the shallow depth (5 km depth) correlates well with the surface geological features:Yanshan and Da Hinggan Ling orogens show high-velocity anomalies and the Bohai Bay and Songliao basin show prominent low-velocity anomalies which extend down to more than 200 km depth.Two low-velocity anomaly belts exist in Northeast China,which are along the Changbai Mountain and Songliao Basin,respectively.Changbai Mountain low-velocity anomaly extends down to about 400 km depth.Mantle Transitional Zone (MTZ) represents high-velocity anomaly which correlates well with the high-velocity Pacific subducted slab stagnating in the MTZ.High resolution tomographic images represent that structural evolution of Northeast China (e.g.,magmatism,lithosphere evolution,deep seismicity and volcanism) is related to the upwelling of hot and wet asthenospheric materials in the big mantle wedge above the stagnant Pacific slab.The magmatism of Northeast China provided the source in formation of the minerals and took deep control effect on energy source formation.
Northeast China,which is located at the composite part of Paleo-Asian ocean and Pacific ocean domains,has undergone multi-stage tectonism.The activity of crust and upper mantle is strong and geological structure is complicated.In this paper,we obtain the three-dimensional P-wave velocity model of northeast China by using P-wave travel times from local and teleseismic events in North and Northeast China.The tomographic resolution is about 80 km. The tomographic images show a very heterogeneous structure in the crust and upper mantle under Northeast China.The velocity structure in the shallow depth (5 km depth) correlates well with the surface geological features:Yanshan and Da Hinggan Ling orogens show high-velocity anomalies and the Bohai Bay and Songliao basin show prominent low-velocity anomalies which extend down to more than 200 km depth.Two low-velocity anomaly belts exist in Northeast China,which are along the Changbai Mountain and Songliao Basin,respectively.Changbai Mountain low-velocity anomaly extends down to about 400 km depth.Mantle Transitional Zone (MTZ) represents high-velocity anomaly which correlates well with the high-velocity Pacific subducted slab stagnating in the MTZ.High resolution tomographic images represent that structural evolution of Northeast China (e.g.,magmatism,lithosphere evolution,deep seismicity and volcanism) is related to the upwelling of hot and wet asthenospheric materials in the big mantle wedge above the stagnant Pacific slab.The magmatism of Northeast China provided the source in formation of the minerals and took deep control effect on energy source formation.
引文
[1] 唐克东,邵济安,李景春等.吉林延边缝合带的性质与东北亚构造.地质通报,2004,23(9) :885～891 Tang K D,Shao J A,Li J C,et al.Nature of the Yanbian suture zone and structure of Northeast Asia.Geol.Bull.China (in Chinese),2004,23(9～10) :885～891
[2] 涂广红,江为为,朱东英等.中国东北地区剩余重磁异常特征与地质构造及成矿带的关系.地球物理学进展,2006,21(3) :746～755 Tu G H,Jiang W W,Zhu D Y,et al.The relationships between the characteristics of Northeast China residual gravity and magnetic anomalies and geological tectonic & metallogenic belt.Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),21(3) :746～755
[3] 杨宝俊,刘财,刘万崧等.中国东北地区岩石圈结构的地震学特征与对矿产资源的动力控制作用.中国地质,2006,33(4) :866～873 Yang B J,Liu C,Liu W S,et al.Seismological features of the lithospheric structure in Northeast China and dynamic controls on mineral resources.Geology in China (in Chinese),2006,33(4) :866～873
[4] 杜晓娟,孟令顺,张明仁.利用重力场研究东北地区断裂分布及构造分区.地球科学与环境学报,2009,31(2) :200～206 Du X J,Meng L S,Zhang M R.Research on fault distribution and tectonic divisions in Northeast China in terms of gravity field.J.Earth Sci.Environ,(in Chinese),2009,31(2) :200～206
[5] 杨宝俊,穆石敏,金旭等.中国满洲里绥芬河地学断面地球物理综合研究.地球物理学报,1996,39(6) :772～782 Yang B J,Mu S M,Jin X,et al.Synthesized study on the geophysics of Manzhouli-Suifenhe geoscience transect,China.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1996,39(6) :772～782
[6] 卢造勋,夏怀宽.内蒙古东乌珠穆沁旗至辽宁东沟地学断面.地球物理学报,1993,36(6) :765～772 Lu Z X,Xia H K.Geoscience transect from Dong Ujimqinqi,Nei Mongol,to Donggou,Liaoning,China.Chinese J.Geophys.(Acta Geo physica Sinica) (in Chinese),1993,36(6) :765～772
[7] 田有,赵大鹏,孙若昧等.1992年美国加州兰德斯地震--地壳结构不均匀性对地震发生的影响.地球物理学报,2007,50(5) :1488～1496 Tian Y,Zhao D P,Sun R M,et al.The 1992 Landers earthquake:effect of crustal heterogeneity on earthquake generation.Chinese J.Geophy.(in Chinese),2007,50(5) :1300～1308
[8] Tian Y,Zhao D,Sun R,et al.Seismic imaging of the crust and upper mantle beneath the North China Craton.Phys.Earth Planet.Inter.,2009,172:169～182
[9] Zhao D,Tian Y,Lei J,et al.Seismic image and origin of the Changbai intraplate volcano in East Asia:Role of big mantle wedge above the stagnant Pacific slab.Phys.Earth Planet.Inter.,2009,173:197～206
[10] Zhao D.Global tomographic images of mantle plumes and subducting slabs:insight into deep Earth dynamics.Phys.Earth Planet.Inter.,2004,146:3～34
[11] Wu F,Hetland E.The Changbaishan,China,PASSCAL experiment.21st Seismic Research Symposium:Technologies for Monitoring the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty,Las Vegas,1999,NV,USA
[12] 赵大鹏,雷建设,唐荣余.中国长白山火山的起源:地震层析成像证据.科学通报,2004,49(14) :1439～1446 Zhao D P,Lei J S,Tang R Y.Origin of the Changbai intraplate volcanism in Northeast China;Evidence from seismic tomography.Chinese Sci.Bull.,2004,49:1401～1408
[13] Zhao D,Hasegawa A,Kanamori H.Deep structure of Japan subduction zones as derived from local,regional,and teleseismic events.J.Geophys.Res.,1994,99:22313～22329
[14] Engdahl R,van der Hilst R,Buland R.Global teleseismic earthquake relocation with improved travel times and procedures for depth determination.Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,1998,88:722～743
[15] Kennett B,Engdahl E.Traveltimes for global earthquake location and phase identification.Geophys.J.Int.,1991,105:429～465
[16] Ohtani E.Water in the mantle.Science,2005,1． 25～30
[17] Zhao D,Maruyama S,Omori S.Mantle dynamics of western Pacific to East Asia:New insight from seismic tomography and mineral physics.GondwanaRes.,2007,11:120～131
[18] Thompson A.Water in the Earth s upper mantle.Nature,1992,358:295～302
[19] Peacock S.Fluid processes in subduction zones.Science,1990,248:329～337
[20] Huang X,Xu Y,Karato S.Water content in the transition zone from electrical conductivity of wadsleyite and ringwoodite.Nature,2005,434(7034) :476～479
[21] Ichiki M,Baba K,Obayashi M,et al.Water content and geotherm in the upper mantle above the stagnant slab:Interpretation of electrical conductivity and seismic P-wave velocity models.Phys.Earth Planet.Inter.,2006,155:1～15
[22] Shieh S,Mao H,Hemley R,et al.Decomposition of phase D in the lower mantle and the fate of dense hydrous silicates in subducting slabs.Earth Planet.Sci.Lett.,1998,159:13～23
[23] Komabayashi T,Omori S,Maruyama S.Petrogenetic grid in the system MgO-SiO_2-H_2O up to 30 GPa,1600 degree C:applications to hydrous peridotite subducting into the Earth's deep interior.J.Geophys.Res.,2004,109:B03206
[24] Ohtani E,Litasov K,Hosoya T,et al.Water transport into the deep mantle and formation of a hydrous transition zone.Phys.Earth Planet.Inter.,2004,143:255～269
[25] 朱桂芝,石耀霖,陈石等.西太平洋板块向我国东北地区深部俯冲的数值模拟.地球物理学报,2009,52(4) :950～957,DOI:10． 3969/j.issn.0001-5733． 2009． 04． 011 Zhu G Z,Shi Y L,Chen S,et al.Numerical simulations on deep subduction of western Pacific plate to NE China.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(4) :950～957,DOI:10． 3969/j.issn.0001-5733． 2009． 04． 011
[26] 刘财,张兴洲,刘洋等.东北亚跃进山拼贴带及邻域岩石圈结构特征的地电学证据.地球物理学报,2009,52(4) :958～965,DOI:10． 3969/j.issn.0001-5733． 2009． 04． 012 Liu C,Zhang X Z,Liu Y,et al.Geoelectrical evidence for characteristics of lithospheric structure beneath the Yuejinshan collage zone and its vicinity in Northeast Asia.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(4) :958～965,DOI:10． 3969/j.issn.0001-5733． 2009． 04． 012
[27] 胡旭芝,徐鸣洁,谢晓安等.中国东北地区航磁特征及居里面分析.地球物理学报,2006,49(6) :1674～1681 Hu X Z,Xu M J,Xie X A,et al.A characteristic analysis of aeromagnetic anomalies and Curie point isotherms in Northeast China.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(6) :1674～1681
[28] 祁进平,陈衍景,Franco P.东北地球浅成低温热液矿床的地质特征和构造背景.矿物岩石,2005,25(2) :47～59 Qi J P,Chen Y J,Franco P.Geological characteristics and tectonic setting of the epithermal deposits in the Northeast China.J.Mineral Petrol (in Chinese),2005,25(2) :47～59
[29] Wessel P,Smith W.New,improved version of the Generic Mapping Tools released.Eos Trans,1998． AGU 79,579
[2] 涂广红,江为为,朱东英等.中国东北地区剩余重磁异常特征与地质构造及成矿带的关系.地球物理学进展,2006,21(3) :746～755 Tu G H,Jiang W W,Zhu D Y,et al.The relationships between the characteristics of Northeast China residual gravity and magnetic anomalies and geological tectonic & metallogenic belt.Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),21(3) :746～755
[3] 杨宝俊,刘财,刘万崧等.中国东北地区岩石圈结构的地震学特征与对矿产资源的动力控制作用.中国地质,2006,33(4) :866～873 Yang B J,Liu C,Liu W S,et al.Seismological features of the lithospheric structure in Northeast China and dynamic controls on mineral resources.Geology in China (in Chinese),2006,33(4) :866～873
[4] 杜晓娟,孟令顺,张明仁.利用重力场研究东北地区断裂分布及构造分区.地球科学与环境学报,2009,31(2) :200～206 Du X J,Meng L S,Zhang M R.Research on fault distribution and tectonic divisions in Northeast China in terms of gravity field.J.Earth Sci.Environ,(in Chinese),2009,31(2) :200～206
[5] 杨宝俊,穆石敏,金旭等.中国满洲里绥芬河地学断面地球物理综合研究.地球物理学报,1996,39(6) :772～782 Yang B J,Mu S M,Jin X,et al.Synthesized study on the geophysics of Manzhouli-Suifenhe geoscience transect,China.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1996,39(6) :772～782
[6] 卢造勋,夏怀宽.内蒙古东乌珠穆沁旗至辽宁东沟地学断面.地球物理学报,1993,36(6) :765～772 Lu Z X,Xia H K.Geoscience transect from Dong Ujimqinqi,Nei Mongol,to Donggou,Liaoning,China.Chinese J.Geophys.(Acta Geo physica Sinica) (in Chinese),1993,36(6) :765～772
[7] 田有,赵大鹏,孙若昧等.1992年美国加州兰德斯地震--地壳结构不均匀性对地震发生的影响.地球物理学报,2007,50(5) :1488～1496 Tian Y,Zhao D P,Sun R M,et al.The 1992 Landers earthquake:effect of crustal heterogeneity on earthquake generation.Chinese J.Geophy.(in Chinese),2007,50(5) :1300～1308
[8] Tian Y,Zhao D,Sun R,et al.Seismic imaging of the crust and upper mantle beneath the North China Craton.Phys.Earth Planet.Inter.,2009,172:169～182
[9] Zhao D,Tian Y,Lei J,et al.Seismic image and origin of the Changbai intraplate volcano in East Asia:Role of big mantle wedge above the stagnant Pacific slab.Phys.Earth Planet.Inter.,2009,173:197～206
[10] Zhao D.Global tomographic images of mantle plumes and subducting slabs:insight into deep Earth dynamics.Phys.Earth Planet.Inter.,2004,146:3～34
[11] Wu F,Hetland E.The Changbaishan,China,PASSCAL experiment.21st Seismic Research Symposium:Technologies for Monitoring the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty,Las Vegas,1999,NV,USA
[12] 赵大鹏,雷建设,唐荣余.中国长白山火山的起源:地震层析成像证据.科学通报,2004,49(14) :1439～1446 Zhao D P,Lei J S,Tang R Y.Origin of the Changbai intraplate volcanism in Northeast China;Evidence from seismic tomography.Chinese Sci.Bull.,2004,49:1401～1408
[13] Zhao D,Hasegawa A,Kanamori H.Deep structure of Japan subduction zones as derived from local,regional,and teleseismic events.J.Geophys.Res.,1994,99:22313～22329
[14] Engdahl R,van der Hilst R,Buland R.Global teleseismic earthquake relocation with improved travel times and procedures for depth determination.Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,1998,88:722～743
[15] Kennett B,Engdahl E.Traveltimes for global earthquake location and phase identification.Geophys.J.Int.,1991,105:429～465
[16] Ohtani E.Water in the mantle.Science,2005,1． 25～30
[17] Zhao D,Maruyama S,Omori S.Mantle dynamics of western Pacific to East Asia:New insight from seismic tomography and mineral physics.GondwanaRes.,2007,11:120～131
[18] Thompson A.Water in the Earth s upper mantle.Nature,1992,358:295～302
[19] Peacock S.Fluid processes in subduction zones.Science,1990,248:329～337
[20] Huang X,Xu Y,Karato S.Water content in the transition zone from electrical conductivity of wadsleyite and ringwoodite.Nature,2005,434(7034) :476～479
[21] Ichiki M,Baba K,Obayashi M,et al.Water content and geotherm in the upper mantle above the stagnant slab:Interpretation of electrical conductivity and seismic P-wave velocity models.Phys.Earth Planet.Inter.,2006,155:1～15
[22] Shieh S,Mao H,Hemley R,et al.Decomposition of phase D in the lower mantle and the fate of dense hydrous silicates in subducting slabs.Earth Planet.Sci.Lett.,1998,159:13～23
[23] Komabayashi T,Omori S,Maruyama S.Petrogenetic grid in the system MgO-SiO_2-H_2O up to 30 GPa,1600 degree C:applications to hydrous peridotite subducting into the Earth's deep interior.J.Geophys.Res.,2004,109:B03206
[24] Ohtani E,Litasov K,Hosoya T,et al.Water transport into the deep mantle and formation of a hydrous transition zone.Phys.Earth Planet.Inter.,2004,143:255～269
[25] 朱桂芝,石耀霖,陈石等.西太平洋板块向我国东北地区深部俯冲的数值模拟.地球物理学报,2009,52(4) :950～957,DOI:10． 3969/j.issn.0001-5733． 2009． 04． 011 Zhu G Z,Shi Y L,Chen S,et al.Numerical simulations on deep subduction of western Pacific plate to NE China.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(4) :950～957,DOI:10． 3969/j.issn.0001-5733． 2009． 04． 011
[26] 刘财,张兴洲,刘洋等.东北亚跃进山拼贴带及邻域岩石圈结构特征的地电学证据.地球物理学报,2009,52(4) :958～965,DOI:10． 3969/j.issn.0001-5733． 2009． 04． 012 Liu C,Zhang X Z,Liu Y,et al.Geoelectrical evidence for characteristics of lithospheric structure beneath the Yuejinshan collage zone and its vicinity in Northeast Asia.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(4) :958～965,DOI:10． 3969/j.issn.0001-5733． 2009． 04． 012
[27] 胡旭芝,徐鸣洁,谢晓安等.中国东北地区航磁特征及居里面分析.地球物理学报,2006,49(6) :1674～1681 Hu X Z,Xu M J,Xie X A,et al.A characteristic analysis of aeromagnetic anomalies and Curie point isotherms in Northeast China.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(6) :1674～1681
[28] 祁进平,陈衍景,Franco P.东北地球浅成低温热液矿床的地质特征和构造背景.矿物岩石,2005,25(2) :47～59 Qi J P,Chen Y J,Franco P.Geological characteristics and tectonic setting of the epithermal deposits in the Northeast China.J.Mineral Petrol (in Chinese),2005,25(2) :47～59
[29] Wessel P,Smith W.New,improved version of the Generic Mapping Tools released.Eos Trans,1998． AGU 79,579
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心