模型法、扩展广义互换法(EGRM)、沙丘曲线法静校正对比研究及在ZGE沙漠资料处理中的应用
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摘要
众所周知,静校正问题是沙漠地区地震资料处理的关键问题之一.只有针对不同盆地不同表层结构类型采用相应的静校正方法,才能解决好工区的静校正问题.本文就模型法静校正、扩展广义互换法折射静校正、沙丘曲线法静校正三种静校正方法从理论上、计算方法上进行阐述和探讨,并针对位于沙漠地区的ZGE三维工区的表层结构加以系统研究,同时使用上述三种方法进行对比试验处理,通过分析其静校正和叠加的效果,提出解决本工区静校正问题的方法.经试验对比,我们认为,沙丘曲线法静校正比较适合解决ZGE三维工区的静校正问题.
As we all know, static corrections of low-velocity layers or weathered layers have an important effect on the result of seismic data processing, especially, in some complex near-surface areas of prospecting for oil. We can only solve the problem of static corrections by using suitable static correction methods. In this paper, three static correction methods, the model method, extended generalized reciprocal method(EGRM) and sand dune curve method are analyzed and compared. The seismic data of the ZGE prospect area had been processed and tested by the three static correction methods, respectively after we had studied carefully the near-surface layer of the area. Then we have analyzed the effect of processing. After that, we propose to use the proper method to solve the problem of static correction in this area. By comparing the results, we think that it is appropriate to use the sand dune curve method to solve the static correction problem in the ZGE area.
As we all know, static corrections of low-velocity layers or weathered layers have an important effect on the result of seismic data processing, especially, in some complex near-surface areas of prospecting for oil. We can only solve the problem of static corrections by using suitable static correction methods. In this paper, three static correction methods, the model method, extended generalized reciprocal method(EGRM) and sand dune curve method are analyzed and compared. The seismic data of the ZGE prospect area had been processed and tested by the three static correction methods, respectively after we had studied carefully the near-surface layer of the area. Then we have analyzed the effect of processing. After that, we propose to use the proper method to solve the problem of static correction in this area. By comparing the results, we think that it is appropriate to use the sand dune curve method to solve the static correction problem in the ZGE area.
引文
[1] 渥.伊尔马滋著,刘怀山,王克斌,等译.地震资料分析--地震资料处理、反演和解释(上册)[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2006． Yilmaz O, Liu H S, Wang K B, et al. Seismic data analysisseismic processing, inversion ＆ interpretation [M]. Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press, 2006．
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[3] 秦亚玲,王彦春,王睿祥,等.一种适合沙漠地区的静校正方法[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(6) :1873～1879． Qin Y L, Wang Y C, Wang R X, et al. A method of static correction suitable to the desert area [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2007,22(6) : 1873～1879．
[4] 王建立,王真理,敬朋贵,等.川东北复杂山地三维静校正应用及实例分析[J].地球物理学进展,2010,25(2) :555～561． Wang J L,Wang Z L,Jing P G,etal. A statics solution in CBD hilly areas [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2010,25(2) :555～561．
[5] 林伯香,孙晶梅,徐颖,等.几种常用静校正方法的讨论[J].石油物探,2006,45(4) :367～372． Lin B X, Sun J M, xu Y, et al. Static correction approaches being frequently applied [J]. Geophysical Processing for Petroleum, 2006,45(4) : 367～ 372．
[6] 杨锴,程玖兵,刘玉柱,等.三维波动方程基准面校正方法的应用研究[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(4) :1232～1240． Yang K,Cheng J B,Liu Y Z,et al. A study on the application of the 3-D wave-equation-datuming [J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2007,50(4) : 1232～1240．
[7] 赵军才,李铮,崔喜凤,等.塔中沙漠区地震资料静校正和去噪[J].勘探地球物理进展,2004,27(2) :123～127． Zhao J C,Li Z,Cui X F,et al. Static correction and denoise of Ta-zhong desert area [J]. Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2004,27(2) : 123～127．
[8] 朱卫红,郑伟建,金晓雷.折射静校正在三维地震资料处理中的应用[J].石油物探,1999,38(3) :39～44． Zhu W H,Zheng W J,Jin X L. Application of refraction static corrections in the 3D seismic data processing [J]. Geophysical Processing for Petroleum,1999,38(3) :39～44．
[9] 尹喜玲,石战结,田钢.近地表低降速带地震波传播规律初探[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(2) :398～407． Yi X L,Shi Z J,Tian G. Study on transmittable laws of seismic waves in unconsolidated layers [J]. Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese) ,2009,24(2) : 398～407．
[10] 潘树林,高磊,吴波,等.初至叠加法在宣汉地区转换波静校正中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2010,25(3) :932～938． Pan S L,Gao L,Wu B,et al. Application on the superposition method of the first arrival in P-SV static correction in the Xuanhan area [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2010,25(3) :932～938．
[11] 丁国荣.静校正在准噶尔盆地三维地震数据处理中的应用[J].新疆石油地质,2001,22(5) :424～425． Ding G R. Application of static corrections in 3D seismic data processing of Zhungaer basin [J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2001,22(5) :424～425．
[12] 夏显佰,夏代学,贾明辰.夏盐南三维静校正方法[J].石油物探,2004,43(2) :188～190． Xia X B, Xia D X, Xia M C. Static correction method of 3D in Xiayan-South [J]. Geophysical Processing for Petroleum, 2004,43(2) : 188～ 190．
[13] 韩晓丽,杨长春,麻三怀,等.复杂山区初至波层析反演静校正[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(2) :475～483． Han X L, Yang C C, Ma S H,et al. Static of tomographic inversion by first breaks in complex areas [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2008,23 (2) : 475～483．
[14] 刘伊克,常旭,王辉.三维复杂地形近地表速度估算及地震层析静校正[J].地球物理学报,2001,44(2) :272～278． Liu Y K, Chang X, Wang H. Near surface velocity estimation ＆ seismic tomography static in the 3D complex topography area [J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese),2001,44 (2) :272～278．
[15] 常旭,卢孟夏,刘伊克.地震层析成像反演中3种广义解的误差分析与评价[J].地球物理学报,1999,42(5) :695～702． Chang X,Lu M X,Liu Y K. Error analysis ＆-appraisement of three generalized results in the seismic imaging of tomographic inversion [J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese),1999,42(5) : 695～702．
[16] 井西利,杨长春.求解地震静校正问题的双尺度反演方法[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(5) :1460～1466． Jing X L, Yang C C. A dual-scale inversion algorithm for surface consistent statics [J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese) ,2006,49(5) : 1460～1466．
[17] 王进海,熊民生.模型法静校正在黄土塬地区的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,1995,30(增刊1) :48～50． Wang J H,Xiong M S. Application of static corrections of the model method in the loess area [J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese), 1995,30 (supplement1) : 48～50．
[18] 王西文,徐凤银,冯云发,等.三湖地区地震资料处理中的静校正方法研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(5) :572～580． Wang X W, Xu F Y, Feng Y F, etal. A study on the static correction method in seismic data processing of Sanhu area [J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting (in Chinese), 2007,42 ( 5 ) : 572～580．
[19] Colin A Z,et al. 3D seismic refraction traveltime tomography at a groundwater contamination site [J]. Geophysics, 2006,71 (5) : 1167～1178．
[20] Taner M T, Wagner D E, Baysal E, etal. A unified method for 2-D and 3-D refraction statics [J]. Geophysics, 1998,63: 1～15．
[21] 卢回忆,符力耘,蒋韬.快速Fourier变换波动方程基准面校正方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,2010,25(4) :1313～1322． Lu H Y,Fu L Y,Jiang T. Wave-equation datuming based on fast fourier transform [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese) ,2010,25 (4) : 1313～1322．
[22] 林依华,张中杰,尹成,等.复杂地形条件下静校正的综合寻优[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(1) :101～106． Lin Y H, Zhang Z J, Yin C, et al. Hybrid optimization of static estimation in complex topography [J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese) ,2003,46(1) :101～106．
[23] 刘玉柱,董良国,李培明,等.初至波菲涅尔体地震层析成像[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(9) :2310～2320． Liu Y Z, Dong L G, Li P M, et al. Fresnel volume tomography based on the first arrival of the seismic wave [J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2009,52 (9) : 2310～2320．
[24] 张伟,皮金云,王彦春,等.模型约束三维折射静校正方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(4) :1468～1472． Zhang W,Pi J Y, Wang Y C, et al. A study of the modelconstrained 3-D refraction static correction method [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2009, 24 (4) : 1468 ～1472．
[25] 杨锴,蔡杰雄,范旭,等.基于直射线近似的一步法基准面校正方法研究[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(4) :1078～1088． Yang K, Cai J X, Fan X, et al. Study on the one-step datuming method based on the straight-rays assumption [J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2009,52 (4) : 1078 ～ 1088．
[26] 陈世军,张建中.初至波射线层析成像在复杂区静校正中的应用[J].石油物探,2006,45(1) :34～39． Chen S J, Zhang J Z. The application of seismic first arrival ray tracing tomography static in the complicated near surface area [J]. Geophysical Processing for Petroleum, 2006,45 ( 1 ) :34～39．
[27] Zhu X,Sixta D P,Angstman B G. Tomo-static: Turning ray tomography +static corrections [J]. The Leading Edge, 1992,11 : 15～ 23．
[28] Taner M T,Wagner D E, Baysal E, et al. A unified method for 2-D and 3-D refraction statics [J]. Geophysics ,1998,63, 260～274．
[2] Mike Cox.李培明,柯本喜,等译.反射地震勘探静校正技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2004． Mike C. Li P M, Ke B X, et al. Reflection seismic static corrections[ M]. Beijing : Petroleum Industry Press, 2004．
[3] 秦亚玲,王彦春,王睿祥,等.一种适合沙漠地区的静校正方法[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(6) :1873～1879． Qin Y L, Wang Y C, Wang R X, et al. A method of static correction suitable to the desert area [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2007,22(6) : 1873～1879．
[4] 王建立,王真理,敬朋贵,等.川东北复杂山地三维静校正应用及实例分析[J].地球物理学进展,2010,25(2) :555～561． Wang J L,Wang Z L,Jing P G,etal. A statics solution in CBD hilly areas [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2010,25(2) :555～561．
[5] 林伯香,孙晶梅,徐颖,等.几种常用静校正方法的讨论[J].石油物探,2006,45(4) :367～372． Lin B X, Sun J M, xu Y, et al. Static correction approaches being frequently applied [J]. Geophysical Processing for Petroleum, 2006,45(4) : 367～ 372．
[6] 杨锴,程玖兵,刘玉柱,等.三维波动方程基准面校正方法的应用研究[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(4) :1232～1240． Yang K,Cheng J B,Liu Y Z,et al. A study on the application of the 3-D wave-equation-datuming [J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2007,50(4) : 1232～1240．
[7] 赵军才,李铮,崔喜凤,等.塔中沙漠区地震资料静校正和去噪[J].勘探地球物理进展,2004,27(2) :123～127． Zhao J C,Li Z,Cui X F,et al. Static correction and denoise of Ta-zhong desert area [J]. Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2004,27(2) : 123～127．
[8] 朱卫红,郑伟建,金晓雷.折射静校正在三维地震资料处理中的应用[J].石油物探,1999,38(3) :39～44． Zhu W H,Zheng W J,Jin X L. Application of refraction static corrections in the 3D seismic data processing [J]. Geophysical Processing for Petroleum,1999,38(3) :39～44．
[9] 尹喜玲,石战结,田钢.近地表低降速带地震波传播规律初探[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(2) :398～407． Yi X L,Shi Z J,Tian G. Study on transmittable laws of seismic waves in unconsolidated layers [J]. Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese) ,2009,24(2) : 398～407．
[10] 潘树林,高磊,吴波,等.初至叠加法在宣汉地区转换波静校正中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2010,25(3) :932～938． Pan S L,Gao L,Wu B,et al. Application on the superposition method of the first arrival in P-SV static correction in the Xuanhan area [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2010,25(3) :932～938．
[11] 丁国荣.静校正在准噶尔盆地三维地震数据处理中的应用[J].新疆石油地质,2001,22(5) :424～425． Ding G R. Application of static corrections in 3D seismic data processing of Zhungaer basin [J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2001,22(5) :424～425．
[12] 夏显佰,夏代学,贾明辰.夏盐南三维静校正方法[J].石油物探,2004,43(2) :188～190． Xia X B, Xia D X, Xia M C. Static correction method of 3D in Xiayan-South [J]. Geophysical Processing for Petroleum, 2004,43(2) : 188～ 190．
[13] 韩晓丽,杨长春,麻三怀,等.复杂山区初至波层析反演静校正[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(2) :475～483． Han X L, Yang C C, Ma S H,et al. Static of tomographic inversion by first breaks in complex areas [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2008,23 (2) : 475～483．
[14] 刘伊克,常旭,王辉.三维复杂地形近地表速度估算及地震层析静校正[J].地球物理学报,2001,44(2) :272～278． Liu Y K, Chang X, Wang H. Near surface velocity estimation ＆ seismic tomography static in the 3D complex topography area [J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese),2001,44 (2) :272～278．
[15] 常旭,卢孟夏,刘伊克.地震层析成像反演中3种广义解的误差分析与评价[J].地球物理学报,1999,42(5) :695～702． Chang X,Lu M X,Liu Y K. Error analysis ＆-appraisement of three generalized results in the seismic imaging of tomographic inversion [J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese),1999,42(5) : 695～702．
[16] 井西利,杨长春.求解地震静校正问题的双尺度反演方法[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(5) :1460～1466． Jing X L, Yang C C. A dual-scale inversion algorithm for surface consistent statics [J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese) ,2006,49(5) : 1460～1466．
[17] 王进海,熊民生.模型法静校正在黄土塬地区的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,1995,30(增刊1) :48～50． Wang J H,Xiong M S. Application of static corrections of the model method in the loess area [J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese), 1995,30 (supplement1) : 48～50．
[18] 王西文,徐凤银,冯云发,等.三湖地区地震资料处理中的静校正方法研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(5) :572～580． Wang X W, Xu F Y, Feng Y F, etal. A study on the static correction method in seismic data processing of Sanhu area [J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting (in Chinese), 2007,42 ( 5 ) : 572～580．
[19] Colin A Z,et al. 3D seismic refraction traveltime tomography at a groundwater contamination site [J]. Geophysics, 2006,71 (5) : 1167～1178．
[20] Taner M T, Wagner D E, Baysal E, etal. A unified method for 2-D and 3-D refraction statics [J]. Geophysics, 1998,63: 1～15．
[21] 卢回忆,符力耘,蒋韬.快速Fourier变换波动方程基准面校正方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,2010,25(4) :1313～1322． Lu H Y,Fu L Y,Jiang T. Wave-equation datuming based on fast fourier transform [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese) ,2010,25 (4) : 1313～1322．
[22] 林依华,张中杰,尹成,等.复杂地形条件下静校正的综合寻优[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(1) :101～106． Lin Y H, Zhang Z J, Yin C, et al. Hybrid optimization of static estimation in complex topography [J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese) ,2003,46(1) :101～106．
[23] 刘玉柱,董良国,李培明,等.初至波菲涅尔体地震层析成像[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(9) :2310～2320． Liu Y Z, Dong L G, Li P M, et al. Fresnel volume tomography based on the first arrival of the seismic wave [J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2009,52 (9) : 2310～2320．
[24] 张伟,皮金云,王彦春,等.模型约束三维折射静校正方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(4) :1468～1472． Zhang W,Pi J Y, Wang Y C, et al. A study of the modelconstrained 3-D refraction static correction method [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2009, 24 (4) : 1468 ～1472．
[25] 杨锴,蔡杰雄,范旭,等.基于直射线近似的一步法基准面校正方法研究[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(4) :1078～1088． Yang K, Cai J X, Fan X, et al. Study on the one-step datuming method based on the straight-rays assumption [J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2009,52 (4) : 1078 ～ 1088．
[26] 陈世军,张建中.初至波射线层析成像在复杂区静校正中的应用[J].石油物探,2006,45(1) :34～39． Chen S J, Zhang J Z. The application of seismic first arrival ray tracing tomography static in the complicated near surface area [J]. Geophysical Processing for Petroleum, 2006,45 ( 1 ) :34～39．
[27] Zhu X,Sixta D P,Angstman B G. Tomo-static: Turning ray tomography +static corrections [J]. The Leading Edge, 1992,11 : 15～ 23．
[28] Taner M T,Wagner D E, Baysal E, et al. A unified method for 2-D and 3-D refraction statics [J]. Geophysics ,1998,63, 260～274．
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