利用相关域小波变换进行SWD资料预处理
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摘要
随钻地震(SWD)的波场十分复杂,对钻头有效信号和地表机械干扰成分的分析是SWD重要的资料预处理步骤.本文利用有效信号和噪声带有周期性或时延差异等时间结构特征,引入相关域小波变换进行SWD信号检测和分析.有效信号在钻柱内往复多次传播,因而带有严格的周期性,泥浆泵等机械发出的噪声也是周期性的,这些成分在自相关域内可以得到很好的凸显.SWD波场的各种成分,由于到达各个接收道的时延不同,在互相关域的特定时延处也能够得到凸显,利用小波变换对这些在相关域内得到凸显的成分进行多分辨分析,能够获得优势频率范围、周期、衰减等主要特征.根据这些信息,设计出合理的SWD处理方法,初步得到了有效信号的直达波.数据试处理结果表明,相关域小波变换是随钻地震的一个有效的预处理方法.
Wave fields of Seismic While Drilling (SWD) are very complex, and it is an important preprocessing to analyze the signal from bit and the noise from machines on ground. In the paper, we use temporal structures, such as periods and time-delay of signal and noise, and propose an algorithm based on wavelet transform of correlation domain to analyze SWD wave fields. Signal propagated and reflected multiply in drill-string, so it has strict periodicity. Noise from machines such as pump has periodicity too. In auto-correlation domain, these periodic components are emerged. Components of SWD wave fields have different time delays in sensors, can emerge in cross-correlation domain at certain delay. Wavelet transform is used to analyze these components emerging in correlation domain in multi-scales, and their frequency contents, periods, attenuation can be known. Based on this information, a proper SWD data processing is carried out and the direct wave of signal from bit is gained. It is indicated that the method of wavelet transform of correlation domain is a useful preprocessing.
Wave fields of Seismic While Drilling (SWD) are very complex, and it is an important preprocessing to analyze the signal from bit and the noise from machines on ground. In the paper, we use temporal structures, such as periods and time-delay of signal and noise, and propose an algorithm based on wavelet transform of correlation domain to analyze SWD wave fields. Signal propagated and reflected multiply in drill-string, so it has strict periodicity. Noise from machines such as pump has periodicity too. In auto-correlation domain, these periodic components are emerged. Components of SWD wave fields have different time delays in sensors, can emerge in cross-correlation domain at certain delay. Wavelet transform is used to analyze these components emerging in correlation domain in multi-scales, and their frequency contents, periods, attenuation can be known. Based on this information, a proper SWD data processing is carried out and the direct wave of signal from bit is gained. It is indicated that the method of wavelet transform of correlation domain is a useful preprocessing.
引文
[1] Flavio P, Francesco M. Seismic While Drilling Fundamentals of Drill-Bit Seismic for Exploration. Handbook of Geophysical Exploration, 2004． 35
[2] Meehan R, Haldorsen J. Rekindling Interest in Seismic While Drilling. Oil field Review , 1993． 4-13
[3] Rector J W. Utilization of drill-bit vibrations as a downhole seismic source [Ph. D. thesis], California: Stanford University, 1990
[4] Clement K. Multichannel seismic experiment with a drill-bit source [Ph. D. thesis]. California: Stanford University,1990
[5] Rector J W, Marion B P. The use of drill-bit energy as a downhole seismic source. Geophysics, 1991,56:628-634
[6] Jaob B, Haldorsen U, Douglas E, et al. Walkaway VSP using drill noise as a source. Geophysics, 1995, 60(4) :978-997
[7] Flavio P, Trieste, Milano. Seismic while drilling use of pilot signals with downhole motor drilling. SEG Expanded Abstracts, 1998,17 :147-150
[8] Naville C, Serbutoviez S, Throol A, et al. Seismic While Drilling (SWD) Techniques with Downhole Measurements.Introduced by IFP and its Partners in 1990-2000,Oil & Gas Science and Technology-Rev. IFP,2004 ,59(4) :371-403
[9] 张绍槐,韩继勇,朱根法.随钻地震技术的理论及工程应用.石油学报,1999,20(2) :67-72 Zhang S H, Han J Y, Zhu G F. The engineering application and theory of seismic while drilling. Acta Petrolei Sinica (in Chinese) , 1999 ,20(2) :67-72
[10] 姜宇东.随钻地震技术综述.石油物探,2004,43(2) :202-208Jiang Y D. A review of seismic-while-drilling technology. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum (in Chinese) ,2004,43(2) :202-208
[11] 罗斌.随钻地震技术研究及应用效果[博士论文].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2005 Luo B. Seismic While Drilling (SWD) technique research and its application effect [Ph. D. thesis], Beijing: China University of Geosciences,2005
[12] 杨进,谢玉洪,黄凯文.随钻地震技术在异常高压地层预测中的应用.石油勘探与开发,2007,34(6) :755-759 Yang J, Xie Y H , Huang K W. Application of seismic while drilling technique in prediction of abnormally high pressure formation. Petroleum Exploration and Development ( in Chinese), 2007 ,34(6) :755-759
[13] 杨微.随钻地震信号检测方法研究[硕士论文].北京:中国地震局地球物理所,2007 Yang W. Signal detection of the drill bit seismic wave while drilling [Master' s thesis], Beijing: Institute of Geophysics,China Earthquake Administration, 2007
[14] Rostov C. Drill-bit signal. Stanford Exploration Project,1988,59:11-34
[15] Poletto F. Energy balance of a drill-bit seismic source, part 2: Drill-bit versus conventional seismic sources. Geophysics,2005,70(2) :29-44
[16] Toshiyuki Y, Hirokazu K, Tetsuji O, et al. Broadening frequency coverage of percussion drilling vibrations. SEG Expanded Abstracts,2004
[17] Soma N, Utagawa M, Setoand M, et al. Application of the tri-axial drill-bit VSP method to drilling for geological survey in civil engineering. Exploration Geophysics , 2004,35:70-79
[18] 杨微,葛洪魁,宁靖等.流动地震仪检测钻头振动信号的现场试验.地球物理学进展,2007,22(2) :622-628 Yang W, Ge H K, Ning J, et al. Field test of the drill-bit vibration signal detection using portable seismometers.Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese) ,2007,22(2) :622-628
[19] Rostov C, Zanzi L. Analysis of drill-bit data: preliminary results. SEP, 1988,57:393-416
[20] Naganawa S, Tanaka S, andSugaya N. Experimental and theoretical analysis of roller cone bit vibrations. Energy Sources Technology Conference, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Proceedings, 1995． 1-7
[21] Lutz J, Raynaud M, Gstalder S, et al. Instantaneous logging based on a dynamic theory of drilling. Journal of Petroleum Technology, 1972,24:750-758
[22] Hiroshi Asanumaa, Hakusei Liua, Hiroaki Niitsumaa.Identification of structures inside basement at Soultz-sous-Foret (France) by triaxial drill-bit vertical seismic profiling.Geothermics, 1999,28:355-376
[23] Asanuma H, Liu H, Niitsuma H. Downhole multipoint measurement of SWD at Soultz and characterization of subsurface structure inside the basement. SEG Expanded Abstracts, 1998
[24] Bernasconr G, Vassallo M. Compression of downhole data for SWD applications. Proc. SEG Meeting, 2001
[25] Haldorsen, Jacob B U. Walk-away VSP using drill noise as a source. Geophysics, 1995,60(4) :978-997
[26] Tabaru T, Shin S. Relation between spectrum density and wavelet transform of correlation function. Trans, of SICE,2003,39(5) :425-431
[27] Tabaru T, Shin S. Relation between wavelet transform of correlation function and spectrum density. Trans, of SICE, 2004,E-3(1) :25-32
[28] 杨福生.小波变换的工程分析与应用.北京:科学出版社,1999 Yang F S. Engineering Analysis of Wavelets Transform and Application(in Chinese). Beijing: Science Press, 1999
[29] Poletto F, Malusa M, Miranda F. Numerical modeling and interpretation of drillstring waves. Geophysics, 2001,66:1569-1581
[2] Meehan R, Haldorsen J. Rekindling Interest in Seismic While Drilling. Oil field Review , 1993． 4-13
[3] Rector J W. Utilization of drill-bit vibrations as a downhole seismic source [Ph. D. thesis], California: Stanford University, 1990
[4] Clement K. Multichannel seismic experiment with a drill-bit source [Ph. D. thesis]. California: Stanford University,1990
[5] Rector J W, Marion B P. The use of drill-bit energy as a downhole seismic source. Geophysics, 1991,56:628-634
[6] Jaob B, Haldorsen U, Douglas E, et al. Walkaway VSP using drill noise as a source. Geophysics, 1995, 60(4) :978-997
[7] Flavio P, Trieste, Milano. Seismic while drilling use of pilot signals with downhole motor drilling. SEG Expanded Abstracts, 1998,17 :147-150
[8] Naville C, Serbutoviez S, Throol A, et al. Seismic While Drilling (SWD) Techniques with Downhole Measurements.Introduced by IFP and its Partners in 1990-2000,Oil & Gas Science and Technology-Rev. IFP,2004 ,59(4) :371-403
[9] 张绍槐,韩继勇,朱根法.随钻地震技术的理论及工程应用.石油学报,1999,20(2) :67-72 Zhang S H, Han J Y, Zhu G F. The engineering application and theory of seismic while drilling. Acta Petrolei Sinica (in Chinese) , 1999 ,20(2) :67-72
[10] 姜宇东.随钻地震技术综述.石油物探,2004,43(2) :202-208Jiang Y D. A review of seismic-while-drilling technology. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum (in Chinese) ,2004,43(2) :202-208
[11] 罗斌.随钻地震技术研究及应用效果[博士论文].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2005 Luo B. Seismic While Drilling (SWD) technique research and its application effect [Ph. D. thesis], Beijing: China University of Geosciences,2005
[12] 杨进,谢玉洪,黄凯文.随钻地震技术在异常高压地层预测中的应用.石油勘探与开发,2007,34(6) :755-759 Yang J, Xie Y H , Huang K W. Application of seismic while drilling technique in prediction of abnormally high pressure formation. Petroleum Exploration and Development ( in Chinese), 2007 ,34(6) :755-759
[13] 杨微.随钻地震信号检测方法研究[硕士论文].北京:中国地震局地球物理所,2007 Yang W. Signal detection of the drill bit seismic wave while drilling [Master' s thesis], Beijing: Institute of Geophysics,China Earthquake Administration, 2007
[14] Rostov C. Drill-bit signal. Stanford Exploration Project,1988,59:11-34
[15] Poletto F. Energy balance of a drill-bit seismic source, part 2: Drill-bit versus conventional seismic sources. Geophysics,2005,70(2) :29-44
[16] Toshiyuki Y, Hirokazu K, Tetsuji O, et al. Broadening frequency coverage of percussion drilling vibrations. SEG Expanded Abstracts,2004
[17] Soma N, Utagawa M, Setoand M, et al. Application of the tri-axial drill-bit VSP method to drilling for geological survey in civil engineering. Exploration Geophysics , 2004,35:70-79
[18] 杨微,葛洪魁,宁靖等.流动地震仪检测钻头振动信号的现场试验.地球物理学进展,2007,22(2) :622-628 Yang W, Ge H K, Ning J, et al. Field test of the drill-bit vibration signal detection using portable seismometers.Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese) ,2007,22(2) :622-628
[19] Rostov C, Zanzi L. Analysis of drill-bit data: preliminary results. SEP, 1988,57:393-416
[20] Naganawa S, Tanaka S, andSugaya N. Experimental and theoretical analysis of roller cone bit vibrations. Energy Sources Technology Conference, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Proceedings, 1995． 1-7
[21] Lutz J, Raynaud M, Gstalder S, et al. Instantaneous logging based on a dynamic theory of drilling. Journal of Petroleum Technology, 1972,24:750-758
[22] Hiroshi Asanumaa, Hakusei Liua, Hiroaki Niitsumaa.Identification of structures inside basement at Soultz-sous-Foret (France) by triaxial drill-bit vertical seismic profiling.Geothermics, 1999,28:355-376
[23] Asanuma H, Liu H, Niitsuma H. Downhole multipoint measurement of SWD at Soultz and characterization of subsurface structure inside the basement. SEG Expanded Abstracts, 1998
[24] Bernasconr G, Vassallo M. Compression of downhole data for SWD applications. Proc. SEG Meeting, 2001
[25] Haldorsen, Jacob B U. Walk-away VSP using drill noise as a source. Geophysics, 1995,60(4) :978-997
[26] Tabaru T, Shin S. Relation between spectrum density and wavelet transform of correlation function. Trans, of SICE,2003,39(5) :425-431
[27] Tabaru T, Shin S. Relation between wavelet transform of correlation function and spectrum density. Trans, of SICE, 2004,E-3(1) :25-32
[28] 杨福生.小波变换的工程分析与应用.北京:科学出版社,1999 Yang F S. Engineering Analysis of Wavelets Transform and Application(in Chinese). Beijing: Science Press, 1999
[29] Poletto F, Malusa M, Miranda F. Numerical modeling and interpretation of drillstring waves. Geophysics, 2001,66:1569-1581
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