OpendTect系统在层序地层研究中的应用
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摘要
在等时层序格架建立的基础上,利用地震资料研究各体系域内部沉积体的空间展布、叠置样式和沉积演化过程,进而预测各体系域中砂体的分布,是层序地层学应用于勘探实践的重要内容. OpendTect系统在三维地震倾角扫描的基础上,①以地震采样点空间信息为导向,实现了层序界面控制下的地震小层自动追踪,可以精细刻画出体系域内部沉积体地震反射结构和空间展布;②通过对各层序单元内部地震小层追踪结果进行层拉平,实现了时间域到Wheeler域的自动变换,可以更加直观地分析地层沉积演化历史;③通过沿沉积体内部小层面提取地震属性,实现了等时地层切片的提取,减少了地震属性多解性,提高了预测精度.OpendTect系统提供了一种新的基于层序地层的地震综合解释技术和思路.
It is an important content of sequence stratigraphy applying in exploration practice that predicting distribution of sandstone through using the seismic data to study deposition spatial distribution, superposition style and sediment evolution in the various system tracts on the basis of isochronal sequence framework. Based on 3D seismic dip scanning, ① Taking spatial information of seismic sampling points as guidance, OpendTect system realizes auto-tracking of seismic sublayer under the control of the sequence interfaces. It can finely portray seismic reflection configuration and spatial distribution of sedimentary bodies in the system tracts. ② It realizes automatic transformation from time domain to Wheeler domain by flattening seismic sublayer auto-tracked in sequence units. In this way, we can intuitively analyse the history of the sedimentary evolution. ③ It realizes predicting the distribution of sand in the isochronal stratal slice by extracting seismic attributions along the sublayer in the sedimentary bodies. OpendTect system offers a new kind of seismic integrated interpretation technology and ideas which are based on the sequence stratigraphy. It is an effective and applied tool of seismic interpretation and geology analysis.
It is an important content of sequence stratigraphy applying in exploration practice that predicting distribution of sandstone through using the seismic data to study deposition spatial distribution, superposition style and sediment evolution in the various system tracts on the basis of isochronal sequence framework. Based on 3D seismic dip scanning, ① Taking spatial information of seismic sampling points as guidance, OpendTect system realizes auto-tracking of seismic sublayer under the control of the sequence interfaces. It can finely portray seismic reflection configuration and spatial distribution of sedimentary bodies in the system tracts. ② It realizes automatic transformation from time domain to Wheeler domain by flattening seismic sublayer auto-tracked in sequence units. In this way, we can intuitively analyse the history of the sedimentary evolution. ③ It realizes predicting the distribution of sand in the isochronal stratal slice by extracting seismic attributions along the sublayer in the sedimentary bodies. OpendTect system offers a new kind of seismic integrated interpretation technology and ideas which are based on the sequence stratigraphy. It is an effective and applied tool of seismic interpretation and geology analysis.
引文
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[4] 闫伟鹏,邓宏文。王红亮.层序地层学的计算机模拟研究进展[J].石油与天然气地质,2004,25(5) :596-602． Yan W P, Deng H W, Wang H L. Progress in computer modeling of sequence stratigraphy [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2004,25(5) :596-602．
[5] 林承焰,张宪国,董春梅.地震沉积学及其初步应用[J].石油学报,2007,28(2) :69-72． Lin C Y, Zhang X G, Dong C M. Concept of seismic sedimentology and its preliminary applicationy [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(2) :69-72．
[6] 魏嘉,朱文斌,朱海龙,徐雷鸣,陈伟.地震沉积学-地震解释的新思路及沉积研究的新工具[J].勘探地球物理进展,2008,31(2) :95-101． Wei J, Zhu W B, Zhu H L, Xu L M, Chen W. Seismic sedimentology: A new idea for seismic interpretation and new tool for sedimentological studies [J]. Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2008,31(2) :95-101．
[7] 陈建江,印兴耀.基于贝叶斯理论的AVO三参数波形反演[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(4) :1251-1260． Chen J J,Yin X Y. Three-parameter AVO waveform inversion based on Bayesian theorem[J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese) ,2007,50(4) : 1251-1260．
[8] 彭真明,李亚林,魏文阁,等.粒子滤波非线性AVO反演方法[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(4) :1218-1225． Peng Z M,Li Y L, Wei W G,et al. Nonlinear AVO inversion using particle filter[J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2008,51(4) :1218-1225．
[9] 凌云,孙德胜,高军,王世瑞,林吉祥.基于三维地震数据的准层序组内沉积体的解释研究[J].石油物探,2005,44(6) :568-577． Ling Y,Sun D S,Gao J, Wang S R,Lin J X. Interpretation of depositional bodies in the parasequence sets from 3-D seismic data[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum, 2005 ,44(6) :568-577．
[10] Vail P R. Seismic stratigraphy interpretation procedure [J]. AAPG Studies in Geology,27,1988,1-10．
[11] Galloway W E. Genetic stratigraphic sequences in basin analysis Ⅰ : architecture and genesis of flooding-surface bounded depositional units [J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1989 ,73(2) :125-142．
[12] 林承焰,张宪国.地震沉积学探讨[J].地球科学进展,2006,21(11) :1140-1144． Lin C Y,Zhang X G. The discussion of seismic sedimentolog [J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2006 ,21 (11) :1140-1144．
[13] 王怀洪.王秀东,田育鑫.利用相干体技术探测煤矿微小构造方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(5) :1642-1649． Wang H H,Wang X D,Tian Y X. Study on the method to identify minor structure of coal mines with the coherence technology [J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2007 ,22(5) :1642-1649．
[14] 王西文,杨孔庆,周立宏,王娟,刘洪,李幼铭.基于小波变换的地震相干体算法研究[J].地球物理学报,2002,45(6) :847-853． Wang X W,Yang K Q,Zhou L H,Wang J, Liu H,Li Y M. Methods of calculating cohenrence cube on the basis of wavelet transform [J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysic, 2002,15(6) :847-853．
[15] 苑书金.地震相干体技术的研究综述[J].勘探地球物理进展,2007,30(1) :7-15． Yuan S J. A review of seismic coherence techniques [J]. Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2007 ,30(1) : 7-15．
[16] 安勇,杨长春.一种改进的频率波数域倾角扫描去噪方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(2) :210-212． An Y, Yang C C. An improved dip-scanning method for denoise in frequency-wavenumber domain[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum, 2008 ,43(2) :210-212．
[17] 穆星.利用地震几何属性和自组织神经网络进行地震相的自动识别[J].地质科技情报,2005,24(3) :109-112． Mu X. Method of Seismic Facies Auto-classification by the Seismic Geometrical Attribute and the Self-organizing Neural Network. Geological Science and Technology Information, 2005,24(3) :109-112．
[18] 李勤英,阎育英,赵爱武.地震资料全三维精细构造解释技术研究[J].断块油气田,2001,8(1) :42-44． Li Q Y, Yan Y Y,Zhao A W. Fine Structure interpretation With 3 Dimensional Seismic Data [J]. Fault-Block Oil & Gas Field,2001,8(1) :42-44．
[19] 李琛,曾庆才,付志方,昝新,吴珊,周扬新.层拉平校正方法分析及应用[J].河南石油,2002,16(5) :11-12． Li C, Zeng Q C, Fu Z F, Zan X, Wu S, Zhou Y X. Analysis and application of bedding flattening correction methods [J]. Henan Petroleum,2002 ,16(5) :11-12,
[20] 张进铎.平衡剖面技术在国内外油气勘探中的最新应用[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(6) :1856-1861． Zhang J D. The most new applications of balanced cross-sections technique in oil and gas exploration in China and oversea [J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2007, 22(6) : 1856-1861．
[21] 肖高杰,杨长春,范兴斌,冷岩,吴琼.谱分解技术在W区河道识别中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(2) :568-572． Xiao G J,Yang C C,Fan X B,Leng Y,Wu Q. Application of spectral decomposition method in channel identifying at W area [J]. Progress in Geophysics,2008,23(2) :568-572．
[22] 王建民,杨冬,魏修成,付雷,王典,胡艳飞,郝雪,杨宝俊.多分量地震资料预测松辽盆地兴城地区深层火山岩与有利含气带[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(6) :1914-1923． Wang J M.Yang D,Wei X C,Fu L,Wang D,Hu Y F, Hao X, Yang B J. Predicting deep volcanic rocks and favorable gas zone near Xingcheng area in Songliao Basin using multi-component seismic data [J]. Chinese J. Geophys. ( in Chinese),2007,50(6) :1914-1923．
[23] 孟小红,郭良辉,张致付,李淑玲,周建军.基于非均匀快速傅里叶变换的最小二乘反演地震数据重建[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(1) :235-241． Meng X H, Guo L H, Zhang Z F, Li S L, Zhou J J. Reconstruction of seismic data with least squares inversion based on nonuniform fast Fourier transform[J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese) ,2008,50(1) : 235-241．
[24] 于红枫,王英民,李雪.Stratimagic波形地震相分析在层序地层岩性分析中的应用[J].煤田地质与勘探,2006,34(1) :64-66． Yu H F,Wang Y M,Li X. Application of Stratimagic seismic facies technique to lithologic analysis in sequence stratigraphic framework [J]. Aoal Geology&Exploration, 2006 ,34(1) : 64-66．
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