永胜金沙江寨子村古滑坡和古堰塞湖的发现
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摘要
在滇西北地区永胜南部金沙江的右岸,发现了总方量为2.5×108 m3的超大型古滑坡。滑坡后缘及两侧断壁为近直立的石灰岩峭壁,高5～30 m。滑床发育有规模不一的冲沟,覆盖有发育植被的坡积物、倒石堆和巨石。该滑坡曾造成过严重的堵江事件,在金沙江左岸仍然可以看到垄岗状残留滑坡坝,坝体方量约180×104 m3,滑坡坝和坝体后侧基岩界限清晰,两者之间岩性区别较大。滑坡堵江事件在上游形成了沿江连续分布长度约46 km的古堰塞湖沉积,沉积物主要由粉土、粉质粘土及粉细砂构成,偶夹卵石层,以水平层理为主,粉细砂层中见有小型交错层理,湖相沉积特征显著,而沉积物的树枝状平面分布进一步证实其形成于堰塞湖环境。
In the southern Yongsheng,the right bank of the Jinsha River and found that the total amount of square 2.5 × 108 m3 of large ancient landslide,Northwest Yunnan.The main and minor scarp that is limestone cliffs with a height of 5~30 m.In the sliding bed development of varying scale gullies,and covered by the slope sediments with vegetation,talus and separate giant rock.The landslide once dammed Jinsha river,and on the left bank can still see the raised residue landslide dam,and the dam is about 180 × 104 m3.There have a clear boundaries between the landslide dam and rear bedrock,the lithology is also a great difference between them.The events of landslides blocked river formed a continuous distribution ancient lake deposits along the length of 46 km in the upstream.sediments composed by the silt,silty clay and fine sand,occasionally with gravel layer.Sediments mainly horizontal bedding.Fine-sandy,ripple cross-laminated and cross-stratified beds show the existence of bottom currents in the landslide-dammed lake.The surface sediment distribution of dendritic further confirmed its formation in the lake environment.
In the southern Yongsheng,the right bank of the Jinsha River and found that the total amount of square 2.5 × 108 m3 of large ancient landslide,Northwest Yunnan.The main and minor scarp that is limestone cliffs with a height of 5~30 m.In the sliding bed development of varying scale gullies,and covered by the slope sediments with vegetation,talus and separate giant rock.The landslide once dammed Jinsha river,and on the left bank can still see the raised residue landslide dam,and the dam is about 180 × 104 m3.There have a clear boundaries between the landslide dam and rear bedrock,the lithology is also a great difference between them.The events of landslides blocked river formed a continuous distribution ancient lake deposits along the length of 46 km in the upstream.sediments composed by the silt,silty clay and fine sand,occasionally with gravel layer.Sediments mainly horizontal bedding.Fine-sandy,ripple cross-laminated and cross-stratified beds show the existence of bottom currents in the landslide-dammed lake.The surface sediment distribution of dendritic further confirmed its formation in the lake environment.
引文
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[2]Korup O.Geomorphometric characteristics of New Zealand landslidedams[J].Engineering Geology,2004,73(1/2):13-35
[3]Costa J E,Schuster R L.The formation and failure of natural dams[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1988,100(7):1054-1068
[4]Hamblin,W K.Late Cenozoic lava dams in the western Grand Can-yon[J]:Geological Society of America Memoir,1994,183:135
[5]Reneau S L,Dethier D P.Late Pleistocene landslide-dammed lakesalong the Rio Grande,White Rock Canyon,New Mexico[J].Geo-logical Society of America Bulletin,1996,108(11):1492-1507
[6]Trauth M H,Strecker M R.Formation of landslide-dammed lakesduring a wet period between 40,000 and 25,000 yr B.P.in north-western Argentina[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palae-oecology,1999,153(1/4):277-287
[7]Sheng Yuchang.Changjiang shangyou hegu dimao[M].Beijing:The Science Press,1965:41[沈玉昌.长江上游河谷地貌[M].北京:科学出版社,1965:41]
[8]Cheng Jie.Discussion on the evolutionary history of Jinsha Riverfrom Benzilan to Jinjiangjie in northwestern Yunnan[J].Journal ofEast China geological institute,1994,17(3):234-253[程捷.金沙江奔子栏一金江街段发育史探讨[J].华东地质学院学报,1994,17(3):234-253]
[9]Zhao Xitao,Qu Yongxin.Discovery of Shigu Paleolake in the Li-jiang area,north western Yunnan,China and its significance for thedevelopment of the modern Jinsha River valley[J].Geological bul-letin of China,2007,26(8):960-969[赵希涛,曲永新.滇西北丽江地区石鼓古湖的发现及其在现代金沙江河谷发育中的意义[J].地质通报,2007,26(8):960-969]
[10]Zhang Yongshuang,Zhao Xitao,Hu Daogong.An ancient land-slide-dammed lake found in the Jinsha River valley near Benzilan,Dêqên,Yunnan,China and its significance[J].Geological bulle-tin of China,2007,26(8):970-975[张永双,赵希涛,胡道功.滇西北德钦地区金沙江奔子栏古堰塞湖的发现及意义[J].地质通报,2007,26(8):970-975]
[11]Cui Jie,Wang Lansheng,Xu Jin,et al.Stability analysis of oldlandslide for a possible ancient landslide event blocking middle ofJinsha River[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2008,16(1):6-10[崔杰,王兰生,徐进,等.金沙江中游滑坡堵江事件及古滑坡体稳定性分析[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(1):6-10]
[12]He Baofu,Zhang Jiagui,Cao Zhenghe,et al.Geohazard charac-teristics and engineering harmfulness in Ludila reservoir hydropowerstation,Jinshajiang River,China[J].Geological Bulletin of Chi-na,2009,28(8):1108-1117[何宝夫,张加桂,曹正郃,等.金沙江鲁地拉电站库区段地质灾害的发育特征及其工程危害性[J].地质通报,2009,28(8):1108-1117]
[13]Zhou Guangquan,Wang Jinnan,Wang Shaojin,et al.The seismo-logical tectonic background and seismogenic structure of the M6.0Yongsheng earthquake[J].Journal of Seismological Research,2002,25(4):356-361[周光全,王晋南,王绍晋,等.永胜6.0级地震的地质构造背景及发震构造[J].地震研究,2002,25(4):356-361]
[14]Institue of Geology,China Earthquake Administration.Active faultsin northwest Yunnan[M].Earthquake Press,1990[国家地震局地质研究所,滇西北地区活动断裂[M].地震出版社,1990]
[15]Luo Ronglian,Chen Yuru.Historical strong seismicity pattern inYunnan[J].Journal of Seismological Research,1996,19(03):253-259[罗荣联,陈玉茹.云南历史强震活动图像[J],地震研究,1996,19(03):253-259]
[16]Yu Weixian,Wang Bin,Mao Yan,et al.The SEM characteristicsof the surface of Quartz Grains in the Gouge of Chenghai fault andevaluation of its activity[J].Earthquake Research in China,2004,20(4):347-352[俞维贤,王彬,毛燕,等.程海断裂带断层泥中石英碎砾表面SEM特征及断层活动状态的分析[J].中国地震,2004,20(4):347-352]
[17]Xie Yingqing,Zhao Jinming.The history of destructive earth-quakes on seismogenic fault M5.0 Binchuan Earthquake in theNov02[OL].Yunnan Earthquake Prevention and Disaster Reduc-tion.[谢英情,赵晋明.“11.02”宾川5.0级地震发震断裂上历史破坏性地震情况[OL].云南防震减灾网]
[18]Yu Weixian,Zhang Jianguo,Zhou Guangquan,et al.Surface rup-ture of the 2001 Yongsheng M6 earthquake and Chenghai fault[J].Journal of Seismological Research,2005,28(2):125-128[俞维贤,张建国,周光全,等.2001年永胜6级地震的地表破裂与程海断裂[J].地震研究,2005,28(2):125-128]
[19]Zhang Jianguo,et al.Observation and research of the M6.0 Yong-sheng earthquake,Yunnan in 2001[M].Kunming:Yunnan Sci-ence and Technology Publishing House,2004[张建国等.2001年云南永胜6.0级地震观测与研究[M].昆明:云南科学技术出版社.2004]
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