成都市灾害性山洪泥石流临界降雨量特征
|
摘要
在统计四川省地震灾区106个县建国以来的山洪和泥石流灾害时间和相应的1 h和24 h雨量值基础上,得出四川省地震灾区山洪泥石流的临界雨量在不同的区域表现出不同的特征。其中1 h临界降雨变化于5~120mm,与山洪泥石流暴发关系最为密切;24 h临界降雨主要变化于35~235 mm,对山洪泥石流的暴发有极大的影响。在此基础上重点研究成都市灾害性山洪泥石流临界降雨量特征,并给出成都地震灾区山洪泥石流应急预警的降雨指标,具有重要的减灾价值。最后,根据临界降雨量特征进行了成都市山洪泥石流防治区划分。
Critical rainfall assessment is a very important tool for hazard management of torrents and debris flows in mountainous areas.The complexity of outbreak of torrents and debris flows is depended on critical rainfall.There is an urgent need to quantify the critical rainfall distribution in the area so that better hazard management could be planned and if real time rainfall forecast is available,and torrent and debris flow early-warning could be issued in advance.This study is based on 49-year observations(1954~2003) of up to 678 torrent and debris flow events.Generally,the contour maps from 1 hour and 24 hours have similar patterns.Three zones with low,medium and high critical rainfalls have been identified.The value of the 1 hour critical rainfall varies from 5~120mm,which is most closely with the outbreak of torrents and debris flows.The value of the 24 hour critical rainfall varies from 35~235mm,which is very important to the outbreak of torrents and debris flows.On this basis,it focuses on the critical rainfall torrents and debris flows in Chengdu.Finally,it classifies regions of torrents and debris flows in Chengdu based on critical rainfall characteristics of Chengdu.
Critical rainfall assessment is a very important tool for hazard management of torrents and debris flows in mountainous areas.The complexity of outbreak of torrents and debris flows is depended on critical rainfall.There is an urgent need to quantify the critical rainfall distribution in the area so that better hazard management could be planned and if real time rainfall forecast is available,and torrent and debris flow early-warning could be issued in advance.This study is based on 49-year observations(1954~2003) of up to 678 torrent and debris flow events.Generally,the contour maps from 1 hour and 24 hours have similar patterns.Three zones with low,medium and high critical rainfalls have been identified.The value of the 1 hour critical rainfall varies from 5~120mm,which is most closely with the outbreak of torrents and debris flows.The value of the 24 hour critical rainfall varies from 35~235mm,which is very important to the outbreak of torrents and debris flows.On this basis,it focuses on the critical rainfall torrents and debris flows in Chengdu.Finally,it classifies regions of torrents and debris flows in Chengdu based on critical rainfall characteristics of Chengdu.
引文
[1]陈波,魏伦武,吴春.西南地区泥石流发育分布及控制因素的图像识别法判析[J].水土保持通报,1989,9(2):54-56.CHEN Bo,WEI Lun-wu,WUChun.Analysis on the method ofpattern recognition on the development,distribution and the re-strictive elements of debris flows in southwestern China[J].Bul-letin of Soil and Water Conservation,1989,9(2):54-56.
[2]陶家元.中国泥石流灾害的地理分布[J].高等函授学报:自然科学版,1995(4):6-7.TAO Jia-yuan.The distribution of disastrous debris flowin China[J].Journal of Higher Correspondence Education:Natural Sci-ence,1995(4):6-7.
[3]谭万沛.中国泥石流分布特点与活动规律的研究[J].铁道工程学报,1986(4):96-100.TAN Wan-pei.The research on the distribution characteristicsand activity rule[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,1986(4):96-100.
[4]谭万沛,王成华,姚令侃,等.暴雨泥石流滑坡的区域预测与预报:以攀西地区为例[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社,1986:114-115.TAN Wan-pei,WANG Cheng-hua,YAO Ling-kan,et al.The Regional Forecast and Prediction in Landslide and Debris Flow[M].Chengdu:Sichuan Science and Technology Press,1986:114-115.
[5]Caine N.The rainfall intensity-duration control of shallow land-slides and debris flows[J].Geografiska Annaler,1980,62:23-27.
[6]Cannon S H,Ellen S D.Rainfall conditions for abundant debrisavalanches,San Francisco Bay region,California[J].CaliforniaGeology,1985,38(12):267-272.
[7]Wieczoreck G F.Effect of rainfall intensity and duration on debrisflows in Central Santa Cruz mountains,California,Flows[J]//Ava-lanches:Process,Recognition,and Mitigation,Geological Society ofAmerica,Reviews in Engineering Geology,1987,7:93-104.
[8]Keefer D K,Wilson R C,Mark R K,et al.Real-time landslidewarning during heavy rainfall[J].Science,1987,238:921-925.
[9]吴积善.云南蒋家沟泥石流观测与研究[M].北京:科学出版社,1990:62-70.WUJi-Shan.The Observation and Research of Debris Flow inJiangjia River[M].Beijing:Science Press,1990:62-70.
[10]陈宁生,张飞.2003年中国西南山区典型灾害性暴雨泥石流运动堆积特征[J].地理科学,2006,26(6):701-706.CHEN Ning-sheng,ZHANG Fei.Movement and deposit charac-teristics of typical catastrophic debris flows by rainstorm in themountainous area of southwestern China in 2003[J].GeographyScience,2006,26(6):701-706.
[11]Jomelli V,Brunstein D,Chochillon C,et al.Hillslope debris-flowfrequency since the beginning the 20th century in the Massif desEcrins(French Alps).[C]//Debris Flow Hazards Mitigation:Mechanics,Prediction and Assessment Proceedings3rd InternationalDFHM Conference.Davos,Switzerland,Rotterdam:Millpress,2003:27-138.
[12]Cheng J D,Yeh J L,DengHL,et al.Landslides and debris flows in-duced by typhoon Toraji July 29-30,2001 in central Taiwan[C]//.DEBRIS-FLOW HAZARDS MITIGATION:Mechanics,Prediction,and Assessment Proceedings 3rd International DFHMConference.Da-vos,Switzerland,Rotterdam:Millpress,2003:919-930.
[13]Dhita MR.Causes and consequences of the 1993 debris flows andlandslides in the Kulekhani watershed,central Nepal[C]//.Deb-ris Flow Hazards Mitigation:Mechanics,Prediction,and Assess-ment Proceedings 3rd International DFHM Conference,Davos,Switzerland,Rotterdam:Millpress,2003:931-942.
[14]Bianco G,Franzi L.Comparison of debris-flow events in threecontiguous basins,triggered during the same storm event[C]//.Debris Flow Hazards Mitigation:Mechanics,Prediction,and As-sessment Proceedings 3rd International DFHM Conference,Da-vos,Switzerland,Rotterdam:Millpress,2003:943-954.
[15]谭万沛,韩庆玉.四川省泥石流预报的区域临界雨量指标研究[J].灾害学,1992(6):37-42.TAN Wan-pei,HAN Qi-yu.Study on regional critical rainfallindices of debris flow in Sichuan province[J].Journal ofCatastrophology,1992(6):37-42.
[2]陶家元.中国泥石流灾害的地理分布[J].高等函授学报:自然科学版,1995(4):6-7.TAO Jia-yuan.The distribution of disastrous debris flowin China[J].Journal of Higher Correspondence Education:Natural Sci-ence,1995(4):6-7.
[3]谭万沛.中国泥石流分布特点与活动规律的研究[J].铁道工程学报,1986(4):96-100.TAN Wan-pei.The research on the distribution characteristicsand activity rule[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,1986(4):96-100.
[4]谭万沛,王成华,姚令侃,等.暴雨泥石流滑坡的区域预测与预报:以攀西地区为例[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社,1986:114-115.TAN Wan-pei,WANG Cheng-hua,YAO Ling-kan,et al.The Regional Forecast and Prediction in Landslide and Debris Flow[M].Chengdu:Sichuan Science and Technology Press,1986:114-115.
[5]Caine N.The rainfall intensity-duration control of shallow land-slides and debris flows[J].Geografiska Annaler,1980,62:23-27.
[6]Cannon S H,Ellen S D.Rainfall conditions for abundant debrisavalanches,San Francisco Bay region,California[J].CaliforniaGeology,1985,38(12):267-272.
[7]Wieczoreck G F.Effect of rainfall intensity and duration on debrisflows in Central Santa Cruz mountains,California,Flows[J]//Ava-lanches:Process,Recognition,and Mitigation,Geological Society ofAmerica,Reviews in Engineering Geology,1987,7:93-104.
[8]Keefer D K,Wilson R C,Mark R K,et al.Real-time landslidewarning during heavy rainfall[J].Science,1987,238:921-925.
[9]吴积善.云南蒋家沟泥石流观测与研究[M].北京:科学出版社,1990:62-70.WUJi-Shan.The Observation and Research of Debris Flow inJiangjia River[M].Beijing:Science Press,1990:62-70.
[10]陈宁生,张飞.2003年中国西南山区典型灾害性暴雨泥石流运动堆积特征[J].地理科学,2006,26(6):701-706.CHEN Ning-sheng,ZHANG Fei.Movement and deposit charac-teristics of typical catastrophic debris flows by rainstorm in themountainous area of southwestern China in 2003[J].GeographyScience,2006,26(6):701-706.
[11]Jomelli V,Brunstein D,Chochillon C,et al.Hillslope debris-flowfrequency since the beginning the 20th century in the Massif desEcrins(French Alps).[C]//Debris Flow Hazards Mitigation:Mechanics,Prediction and Assessment Proceedings3rd InternationalDFHM Conference.Davos,Switzerland,Rotterdam:Millpress,2003:27-138.
[12]Cheng J D,Yeh J L,DengHL,et al.Landslides and debris flows in-duced by typhoon Toraji July 29-30,2001 in central Taiwan[C]//.DEBRIS-FLOW HAZARDS MITIGATION:Mechanics,Prediction,and Assessment Proceedings 3rd International DFHMConference.Da-vos,Switzerland,Rotterdam:Millpress,2003:919-930.
[13]Dhita MR.Causes and consequences of the 1993 debris flows andlandslides in the Kulekhani watershed,central Nepal[C]//.Deb-ris Flow Hazards Mitigation:Mechanics,Prediction,and Assess-ment Proceedings 3rd International DFHM Conference,Davos,Switzerland,Rotterdam:Millpress,2003:931-942.
[14]Bianco G,Franzi L.Comparison of debris-flow events in threecontiguous basins,triggered during the same storm event[C]//.Debris Flow Hazards Mitigation:Mechanics,Prediction,and As-sessment Proceedings 3rd International DFHM Conference,Da-vos,Switzerland,Rotterdam:Millpress,2003:943-954.
[15]谭万沛,韩庆玉.四川省泥石流预报的区域临界雨量指标研究[J].灾害学,1992(6):37-42.TAN Wan-pei,HAN Qi-yu.Study on regional critical rainfallindices of debris flow in Sichuan province[J].Journal ofCatastrophology,1992(6):37-42.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心