塔里木盆地奥陶系鹰山组台内滩的特征与分布
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摘要
塔里木盆地早奥陶世晚期进入伸展转向挤压的区域构造背景,造成台缘带挠曲下沉与台内地貌起伏,有利中下奥陶统鹰山组台内滩的发育。钻井资料表明鹰山组台内滩以中高能砂屑滩为主,台内滩主要分布在鹰山组上部,纵向上多旋回叠置,横向呈透镜状尖灭。通过井—震标定,鹰山组台内滩在地震响应上多具有平缓顶底面的丘状外部形态,内部多出现高频杂乱反射,有的出现多层斜交或前积反射,翼部围岩具有超覆与斜交反射,具有不同于围岩的强振幅特征。结合地震响应特征,利用地层厚度、地震属性等作图方法,可以进行台内滩的预测与识别。地震区域追踪判识表明,塔里木盆地中西部鹰山组台内滩发育,多呈团块状形态,大小不一,一般规模在100～300 km2,发育总面积达12 000 km2,集中分布区有塔北南缘、塔中北斜坡、和田河气田及其周缘等三大区块,并多沿古隆起斜坡分布。塔里木盆地台内滩类型多、分布广,是下古生界碳酸盐岩从台缘带向台内扩展的值得深入研究的有利探索领域。
Based on the analysis of regional geology,and the discontinuity of stratum and lithology,the change of sedimentary facies,and the development of palaeo-uplifts,the transform stage of the regional deposition-tectonics cycles changed from extension to compression began at the end of the early Ordovician in Tarim basin.The early-middle Ordovician Yingshan Formation platform margin began bending and downwelling which caused the deepening upward depositional cycles with middle-low energy reef-bank complex along the margin.And it is favorable for the intra-platform beach development of Yingshan Formation in the western platform in Tarim basin,when the intra-platform ascending with morphologic prominence and lacking of platform margin barriers.Based on the well data,medium-high energy arene beaches are well developed with some of grit and oolitic beaches in intra-platform in Yingshan Formation,with 3~8 layers of multi-cycles deposition aggraded vertically,and lenticular or sheet-like pinchout and changed quickly laterally.The seismic response of intra-platform beaches of Yingshan Formation is different from the adjacent formation by well-seismic calibration.It displayed various mound and lenticular external shapes with lightly upper convex of the cap face and relatively even basal plane.The seismic wave of the most intra-platform beaches can be distinguished from the adjacent formation with weak reflection or chaotic reflection of top surface,but with discontinuous and strong reflection in case of thick mudstone cap formation,and with weak amplitude,discontinuous minor axis shape or chaotic reflection or disconnection strong wave.There are overlap and oblique reflection on the flank and thinning phenomenon of the overburden layer in the seismic section.The internal of most beaches have high frequency chaotic reflection,abnormaly strong and weak amplitude alternation,and some of them have multilayer crossing or progradation reflection which indicated multicycle beaches aggradation.On the basis of the characteristics of seismic facies,the formation thickness and seismic attributions,prediction and identification of Yingshan Formation intra-platform can be carried out in the western Tarim basin.By the regional seismic tracing and identification,there developed many large areas of intra-platform beaches in Yingshan Formation with blocklike shape horizontally and different size,most of the scales between 100 km2 and 300 km2,and the total area up to 12 000 km2.The intra-platform beaches mainly distributed in the southern slope of Tabei uplift,the northern slope of Tazhong uplift and the periphery of Hetihe gas field,most of which distributed along the slope of paleo-uplift.The Ordovician Yingshan Formation intra-platform beach,had better reservoirs with many types and wide distribution and great superimposd thickness,is favorable research aspect of potential exploration region of carbonate after the platform margin reef-bank field found in Tarim basin.And more important discovery can be obtained in intra-platform beaches along the favorable accumulation slopes of palaeo-uplift by means of reservoirs seismic prediction to choose pay targets.
Based on the analysis of regional geology,and the discontinuity of stratum and lithology,the change of sedimentary facies,and the development of palaeo-uplifts,the transform stage of the regional deposition-tectonics cycles changed from extension to compression began at the end of the early Ordovician in Tarim basin.The early-middle Ordovician Yingshan Formation platform margin began bending and downwelling which caused the deepening upward depositional cycles with middle-low energy reef-bank complex along the margin.And it is favorable for the intra-platform beach development of Yingshan Formation in the western platform in Tarim basin,when the intra-platform ascending with morphologic prominence and lacking of platform margin barriers.Based on the well data,medium-high energy arene beaches are well developed with some of grit and oolitic beaches in intra-platform in Yingshan Formation,with 3~8 layers of multi-cycles deposition aggraded vertically,and lenticular or sheet-like pinchout and changed quickly laterally.The seismic response of intra-platform beaches of Yingshan Formation is different from the adjacent formation by well-seismic calibration.It displayed various mound and lenticular external shapes with lightly upper convex of the cap face and relatively even basal plane.The seismic wave of the most intra-platform beaches can be distinguished from the adjacent formation with weak reflection or chaotic reflection of top surface,but with discontinuous and strong reflection in case of thick mudstone cap formation,and with weak amplitude,discontinuous minor axis shape or chaotic reflection or disconnection strong wave.There are overlap and oblique reflection on the flank and thinning phenomenon of the overburden layer in the seismic section.The internal of most beaches have high frequency chaotic reflection,abnormaly strong and weak amplitude alternation,and some of them have multilayer crossing or progradation reflection which indicated multicycle beaches aggradation.On the basis of the characteristics of seismic facies,the formation thickness and seismic attributions,prediction and identification of Yingshan Formation intra-platform can be carried out in the western Tarim basin.By the regional seismic tracing and identification,there developed many large areas of intra-platform beaches in Yingshan Formation with blocklike shape horizontally and different size,most of the scales between 100 km2 and 300 km2,and the total area up to 12 000 km2.The intra-platform beaches mainly distributed in the southern slope of Tabei uplift,the northern slope of Tazhong uplift and the periphery of Hetihe gas field,most of which distributed along the slope of paleo-uplift.The Ordovician Yingshan Formation intra-platform beach,had better reservoirs with many types and wide distribution and great superimposd thickness,is favorable research aspect of potential exploration region of carbonate after the platform margin reef-bank field found in Tarim basin.And more important discovery can be obtained in intra-platform beaches along the favorable accumulation slopes of palaeo-uplift by means of reservoirs seismic prediction to choose pay targets.
引文
1邱中建.中国油气勘探(第二卷)[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1999[Qiu Zhongjian.Oil and Gas Exploration of China(2nd volume)[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1999]
2翟光明,何文渊.塔里木盆地石油勘探实现突破的重要方向[J].石油学报,2004,25(1):1-7[Zhai Guangming,He Wenyuan.Animportant petroleum exploration region in Tarim Basin[J].Acta Petro-lei Sinica,2004,25(1):1-7]
3金之钧,王清晨.中国典型叠合盆地与油气成藏研究新进展—以塔里木盆地为例[J].中国科学:D辑,2004,34(S1):1-12[JinZhijun,Wang Qingchen.New progresses in research of China s typicalsuperimposed basins and reservoiring of hydrocarbons(PartⅡ):takingTarim basin as an example[J].Science in China:Series D,2004,34(S1):1-12]
4周新源,王招明,杨海军,等.塔中奥陶系大型凝析气田的勘探和发现[J].海相油气地质,2006,11(1):45-51[Zhou Xinyuan,Wang Zhaoming,Yang Haijun,et al.Exploration and discovery oflarge condensate gas fields in Ordovician System in Tazhong[J].Ma-rine Origin Petroleum Geology,2006,11(1):45-51]
5翟晓先,云露.塔里木盆地塔河大型油气田地质特征及勘探思路回顾[J].石油与天然气地质,2008,29(5):555-573[Zhai Xiaox-ian,Yun Lu.Geology of giant Tahe oilfield and a review of explorationthinking in the Tarim Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2008,29(5):555-573]
6顾家裕,张兴阳,罗平.塔里木盆地奥陶系台地边缘生物礁、滩发育特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2005,26(3):277-283[Gu Jiayu,Zhang Xingyang,Luo Ping.Development characteristics of organic reefflats at edge of Ordovician system tableland in Tarim Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2005,6(3):77-283]
7高志前,樊太亮,焦志峰,等.塔里木盆地寒武—奥陶系碳酸盐岩台地样式及其沉积响应特征[J].沉积学报,2006,24(1):19-27[Gao Zhiqian,Fan Tailiang,Jiao Zhifeng,et al.The structural typesand depositional characteristics of carbonate platform in the Cambrian-Ordovician of Tarim Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2006,24(1):19-27]
8张丽娟,李勇,周成刚,等.塔里木盆地奥陶纪岩相古地理特征及礁滩分布[J].石油与天然气地质,2007,28(6):731-737[ZhangLijuan,Li Yong,Zhou Chenggang,et al.Lithofacies paleogeographi-cal characteristics and reef-shoal distribution during the Ordovician inthe Tarim Basin[J].Oil and Gas Geology,2007,28(6):731-737]
9赵宗举,周新源,王招明,等.塔里木盆地奥陶系边缘相分布及储层主控因素[J].石油与天然气地质,2007,28(6):738-744[ZhaoZongju,Zhou Xinyuan,Wang Zhaoming,et al.Distribution of margin-al facies and main controlling factors of reservoirs in the Ordovician,theTarim Basin[J].Oil and Gas Geology,2007,28(6):738-744]
10赵宗举,潘文庆,张丽娟,等.塔里木盆地奥陶系层序地层格架[J].大地构造与成矿学,2009,33(1):175-188[Zhao Zongju,Pan Wenqing,Zhang Lijuan,et al.Sequence stratigraphy in the Or-dovician in the Tarim Basin[J].Geotectonica et Metallogenia,2009,33(1):175-188]
11刘忠宝,于炳松,李廷艳,等.塔里木盆地塔中地区中上奥陶统碳酸盐岩层序发育对同生期岩溶作用的控制[J].沉积学报,2004,22(1):103-109[Liu Zhongbao,Yu Bingsong,Li Tingyan,etal.Sequence development controls on syngenesis Karst of the middle-upper Ordovician carbonate in Tazhong area,Tarim Basin[J].ActaSedimentologica Sinica,2004,22(1):103-109]
12沈安江,王招明,杨海军,等.塔里木盆地塔中地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层成因类型、特征及油气勘探潜力[J].海相油气地质,2006,11(4):1-12[Shen Anjiang,Wang Zhaoming,Yang Haijun,et al.Contributing factors,characteristics and hydrocarbon explorationpotential of Ordovician system carbonate reservoirs in Tazhong area inTarim Basin[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2006,11(4):1-12]
13陈景山,李忠,王振宇,等.塔里木盆地奥陶系碳酸盐岩古岩溶作用与储层分布[J].沉积学报,2007,25(6):858-868[ChenJingshan,Li Zhong,Wang Zhenyu,et al.Paleokarstification and res-ervoir distribution of Ordovician carbonates in Tarim Basin[J].ActaSedimentologica Sinica,2007,25(6):858-868]
14王招明,赵宽志,邬光辉,等.塔中I号坡折带上奥陶统礁滩型储层发育特征及其主控因素[J].石油与天然气地质,2007,28(6):797-801[Wang Zhaoming,Zhao Kuanzhi,Wu Guanghui,etal,Characteristics and main controlling factors of the upper Ordovi-cian reef-bank reservoir development in the TazhongⅠSlope-BreakZone[J].Oil and Gas Geology,2007,28(6):797-801]
15王振宇,严威,张云峰,等.塔中上奥陶统台缘礁滩体储层成岩作用及孔隙演化[J].新疆地质,2007,25(3):287-290[WangZhenyu,Yan Wei,Zhang Yunfeng,et al.Diagenesis and porosity e-volution of the upper Ordovician series platform margin reef flat reser-voirs in Tazhong[J].Xinjiang Geology,2007,25(3):287-290]
16刘洛夫,李燕,王萍,等.塔里木盆地塔中地区I号断裂带上奥陶统良里塔格组储集层类型及有利区带预测[J].古地理学报,2008,10(3):222-230[Liu Luofu,Li Yan,Wang Ping,et al.Res-ervoir types and favorable oil-gas exploration zone prediction of the up-per Ordovician Lianglitage Formation in Tazhong No.1 Fault Belt ofTarim Basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2008,10(3):222-230]
17李凌,谭秀成,陈景山,等.塔中西部上奥陶统良里塔格组同生喀斯特储层成因分析[J].成都理工大学学报,2009,36(1):8-12[Li Ling,Tan Xiucheng,Chen Jingshan,et al.Analysis of con-tributing factors for contemporaneous Karstic reservoirs in the upperOrdovician Series Lianglitage Formation in the West of Tazhong[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology,2009,36(1):8-12]
18 Keit h B D,Zuppann C W.Mississippian Oolites and Petroleum Res-ervoirs in the United States:an overview,in Mississippian oolites andmodern analogs[M].AAPG Studies in Geology,1993,(35):1-12
19罗平,张静,刘伟,等.中国海相碳酸盐岩油气储层基本特征[J].地学前缘,2008,15(1):36-50[Luo Ping,Zhang Jing,LiuWei,et al.Characteristics of marine carbonate hydrocarbon reservoirsin China[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2008,15(1):36-50]
20刘伟,张兴阳,顾家裕.塔里木盆地台盆区中西部中下奥陶统鹰山组沉积环境研究[J].沉积学报,2009,27(3):435-442[LiuWei,Zhang Xingyang,Gu Jiayu.Sedimentary environment of lower-middle Ordovician Yingshan Formation in mid-western Tarim Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2009,27(3):435-442]
21 Haimin Ye,Xianhua Li,Zhengxiang Li,et al.Age and origin of highBa Sr appinite granites at the northwestern margin of the Tibet Plat-eau:Implications for early Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the WesternKunlun orogenic belt[J].Gondwana Research,2008,13:126-138
22蔡习尧,钱一雄,陈跃,等.塔中地区中下奥陶统划分与对比[J].新疆石油地质,2007,28(3):292-295[Cai Xiyao,Qian Yix-iong,Chen Yue,et al.Division and correlation of Middle-Lower Or-dovician in Tazhong area,Tarim Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geolo-gy,2007,28(3):292-295]
23 Robertson C H.Review of carbonate sand-belt deposition of ooiditegrainstones and application to Mississippian reservoir,Damme Field,southwestern Kansas[J].AAPG Bulletin,1988,72:1184-1199
2翟光明,何文渊.塔里木盆地石油勘探实现突破的重要方向[J].石油学报,2004,25(1):1-7[Zhai Guangming,He Wenyuan.Animportant petroleum exploration region in Tarim Basin[J].Acta Petro-lei Sinica,2004,25(1):1-7]
3金之钧,王清晨.中国典型叠合盆地与油气成藏研究新进展—以塔里木盆地为例[J].中国科学:D辑,2004,34(S1):1-12[JinZhijun,Wang Qingchen.New progresses in research of China s typicalsuperimposed basins and reservoiring of hydrocarbons(PartⅡ):takingTarim basin as an example[J].Science in China:Series D,2004,34(S1):1-12]
4周新源,王招明,杨海军,等.塔中奥陶系大型凝析气田的勘探和发现[J].海相油气地质,2006,11(1):45-51[Zhou Xinyuan,Wang Zhaoming,Yang Haijun,et al.Exploration and discovery oflarge condensate gas fields in Ordovician System in Tazhong[J].Ma-rine Origin Petroleum Geology,2006,11(1):45-51]
5翟晓先,云露.塔里木盆地塔河大型油气田地质特征及勘探思路回顾[J].石油与天然气地质,2008,29(5):555-573[Zhai Xiaox-ian,Yun Lu.Geology of giant Tahe oilfield and a review of explorationthinking in the Tarim Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2008,29(5):555-573]
6顾家裕,张兴阳,罗平.塔里木盆地奥陶系台地边缘生物礁、滩发育特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2005,26(3):277-283[Gu Jiayu,Zhang Xingyang,Luo Ping.Development characteristics of organic reefflats at edge of Ordovician system tableland in Tarim Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2005,6(3):77-283]
7高志前,樊太亮,焦志峰,等.塔里木盆地寒武—奥陶系碳酸盐岩台地样式及其沉积响应特征[J].沉积学报,2006,24(1):19-27[Gao Zhiqian,Fan Tailiang,Jiao Zhifeng,et al.The structural typesand depositional characteristics of carbonate platform in the Cambrian-Ordovician of Tarim Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2006,24(1):19-27]
8张丽娟,李勇,周成刚,等.塔里木盆地奥陶纪岩相古地理特征及礁滩分布[J].石油与天然气地质,2007,28(6):731-737[ZhangLijuan,Li Yong,Zhou Chenggang,et al.Lithofacies paleogeographi-cal characteristics and reef-shoal distribution during the Ordovician inthe Tarim Basin[J].Oil and Gas Geology,2007,28(6):731-737]
9赵宗举,周新源,王招明,等.塔里木盆地奥陶系边缘相分布及储层主控因素[J].石油与天然气地质,2007,28(6):738-744[ZhaoZongju,Zhou Xinyuan,Wang Zhaoming,et al.Distribution of margin-al facies and main controlling factors of reservoirs in the Ordovician,theTarim Basin[J].Oil and Gas Geology,2007,28(6):738-744]
10赵宗举,潘文庆,张丽娟,等.塔里木盆地奥陶系层序地层格架[J].大地构造与成矿学,2009,33(1):175-188[Zhao Zongju,Pan Wenqing,Zhang Lijuan,et al.Sequence stratigraphy in the Or-dovician in the Tarim Basin[J].Geotectonica et Metallogenia,2009,33(1):175-188]
11刘忠宝,于炳松,李廷艳,等.塔里木盆地塔中地区中上奥陶统碳酸盐岩层序发育对同生期岩溶作用的控制[J].沉积学报,2004,22(1):103-109[Liu Zhongbao,Yu Bingsong,Li Tingyan,etal.Sequence development controls on syngenesis Karst of the middle-upper Ordovician carbonate in Tazhong area,Tarim Basin[J].ActaSedimentologica Sinica,2004,22(1):103-109]
12沈安江,王招明,杨海军,等.塔里木盆地塔中地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层成因类型、特征及油气勘探潜力[J].海相油气地质,2006,11(4):1-12[Shen Anjiang,Wang Zhaoming,Yang Haijun,et al.Contributing factors,characteristics and hydrocarbon explorationpotential of Ordovician system carbonate reservoirs in Tazhong area inTarim Basin[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2006,11(4):1-12]
13陈景山,李忠,王振宇,等.塔里木盆地奥陶系碳酸盐岩古岩溶作用与储层分布[J].沉积学报,2007,25(6):858-868[ChenJingshan,Li Zhong,Wang Zhenyu,et al.Paleokarstification and res-ervoir distribution of Ordovician carbonates in Tarim Basin[J].ActaSedimentologica Sinica,2007,25(6):858-868]
14王招明,赵宽志,邬光辉,等.塔中I号坡折带上奥陶统礁滩型储层发育特征及其主控因素[J].石油与天然气地质,2007,28(6):797-801[Wang Zhaoming,Zhao Kuanzhi,Wu Guanghui,etal,Characteristics and main controlling factors of the upper Ordovi-cian reef-bank reservoir development in the TazhongⅠSlope-BreakZone[J].Oil and Gas Geology,2007,28(6):797-801]
15王振宇,严威,张云峰,等.塔中上奥陶统台缘礁滩体储层成岩作用及孔隙演化[J].新疆地质,2007,25(3):287-290[WangZhenyu,Yan Wei,Zhang Yunfeng,et al.Diagenesis and porosity e-volution of the upper Ordovician series platform margin reef flat reser-voirs in Tazhong[J].Xinjiang Geology,2007,25(3):287-290]
16刘洛夫,李燕,王萍,等.塔里木盆地塔中地区I号断裂带上奥陶统良里塔格组储集层类型及有利区带预测[J].古地理学报,2008,10(3):222-230[Liu Luofu,Li Yan,Wang Ping,et al.Res-ervoir types and favorable oil-gas exploration zone prediction of the up-per Ordovician Lianglitage Formation in Tazhong No.1 Fault Belt ofTarim Basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2008,10(3):222-230]
17李凌,谭秀成,陈景山,等.塔中西部上奥陶统良里塔格组同生喀斯特储层成因分析[J].成都理工大学学报,2009,36(1):8-12[Li Ling,Tan Xiucheng,Chen Jingshan,et al.Analysis of con-tributing factors for contemporaneous Karstic reservoirs in the upperOrdovician Series Lianglitage Formation in the West of Tazhong[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology,2009,36(1):8-12]
18 Keit h B D,Zuppann C W.Mississippian Oolites and Petroleum Res-ervoirs in the United States:an overview,in Mississippian oolites andmodern analogs[M].AAPG Studies in Geology,1993,(35):1-12
19罗平,张静,刘伟,等.中国海相碳酸盐岩油气储层基本特征[J].地学前缘,2008,15(1):36-50[Luo Ping,Zhang Jing,LiuWei,et al.Characteristics of marine carbonate hydrocarbon reservoirsin China[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2008,15(1):36-50]
20刘伟,张兴阳,顾家裕.塔里木盆地台盆区中西部中下奥陶统鹰山组沉积环境研究[J].沉积学报,2009,27(3):435-442[LiuWei,Zhang Xingyang,Gu Jiayu.Sedimentary environment of lower-middle Ordovician Yingshan Formation in mid-western Tarim Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2009,27(3):435-442]
21 Haimin Ye,Xianhua Li,Zhengxiang Li,et al.Age and origin of highBa Sr appinite granites at the northwestern margin of the Tibet Plat-eau:Implications for early Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the WesternKunlun orogenic belt[J].Gondwana Research,2008,13:126-138
22蔡习尧,钱一雄,陈跃,等.塔中地区中下奥陶统划分与对比[J].新疆石油地质,2007,28(3):292-295[Cai Xiyao,Qian Yix-iong,Chen Yue,et al.Division and correlation of Middle-Lower Or-dovician in Tazhong area,Tarim Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geolo-gy,2007,28(3):292-295]
23 Robertson C H.Review of carbonate sand-belt deposition of ooiditegrainstones and application to Mississippian reservoir,Damme Field,southwestern Kansas[J].AAPG Bulletin,1988,72:1184-1199
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