东河口滑坡岩石微观结构及力学性质试验研究
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摘要
东河口滑坡是"5.12"汶川大地震触发的典型高速远程滑坡,滑坡自高程1300m处开始滑动,总滑程约2400m,致使780余人遇难。滑坡体主要由震旦系灰岩及白云质灰岩、寒武系炭质板岩及千枚岩构成。野外调研结果表明,以上几种岩石的自身微观结构及宏观力学性质,对于促使该滑坡在地震作用下发生迅速启动有着至关重要的作用。为此,利用ORTHOPLAM显微镜、RMT-150C岩石力学试验系统及600kN液压式万能材料试验机,分别对岩石的显微结构及抗拉、抗压、抗剪断性质进行一系列试验研究。显微结构测试结果表明,这几种岩石的结构及矿物成分均比较复杂,大多经历至少两期的变形与变质过程;岩石力学试验结果表明,水对该滑坡体岩石的力学性质有着重要影响,在干燥状态与饱水状态下,岩石的抗拉强度、抗压强度以及抗剪断强度均有很大的差异,同时,岩石中原有的结构面也是影响其力学性质的一个重要因素。
Donghekou landslide is a typical rapid and long run-out landslide located in Qingchuan County triggered by the 2008 great Wenchuan earthquake.It starts from the elevation of 1 300 m and causes 780 deaths,with a total long run-out of 2 400 m.This landslide is composed of limestone and dolomite limestone of Sinian system,carbon slate and phyllite of Cambrian system.Field investigations indicate that as for the Donghekou landslide,the microstructure and macroscopically mechanical property of the rock on sliding mass play an important role in the starting-up of the landslide under the action of earthquake.Therefore,by using the ORTHOPLAM microscope,the RMT-150C rock mechanics testing system and the 600 kN hydraulic universal testing machine,a series of tests have been carried out to study the microstructures and mechanical properties,such as the tensile strength,the compression strength and the shear strength of rocks from Donghekou landslide.The microstructure test results show that the mineral component of rock samples is very complex,and most of the rocks have experienced more than two deformation and metamorphic processes.And the mechanical test results indicate that water is an important factor for the mechanical properties of rocks,and the tensile strength,the compression strength and the shear strength are different at the dried state and saturated state.At the same time,the structural plane also plays a significant role in the mechanical properties of rocks.
Donghekou landslide is a typical rapid and long run-out landslide located in Qingchuan County triggered by the 2008 great Wenchuan earthquake.It starts from the elevation of 1 300 m and causes 780 deaths,with a total long run-out of 2 400 m.This landslide is composed of limestone and dolomite limestone of Sinian system,carbon slate and phyllite of Cambrian system.Field investigations indicate that as for the Donghekou landslide,the microstructure and macroscopically mechanical property of the rock on sliding mass play an important role in the starting-up of the landslide under the action of earthquake.Therefore,by using the ORTHOPLAM microscope,the RMT-150C rock mechanics testing system and the 600 kN hydraulic universal testing machine,a series of tests have been carried out to study the microstructures and mechanical properties,such as the tensile strength,the compression strength and the shear strength of rocks from Donghekou landslide.The microstructure test results show that the mineral component of rock samples is very complex,and most of the rocks have experienced more than two deformation and metamorphic processes.And the mechanical test results indicate that water is an important factor for the mechanical properties of rocks,and the tensile strength,the compression strength and the shear strength are different at the dried state and saturated state.At the same time,the structural plane also plays a significant role in the mechanical properties of rocks.
引文
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[11]于德海,彭建兵.三轴压缩下水影响绿泥石片岩力学性质试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(1):205-211.(YU Dehai,PENG Jianbing.Experimental study of mechnical properties of chlorite schist with water under triaxial compression[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(1):205-211.(in Chinese))
[12]殷跃平.汶川八级地震滑坡高速远程特征分析[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(2):153-164.(YIN Yueping.Papid and long run-out features of landslides triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2009,17(2):153-164.(in Chinese))
[13]YIN Y P,WANG F W,SUN P.Geohazards triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake[C]//The First Landslide Forum.Tokyo:[s.n.],2008:1-15.
[14]黄润秋,裴向军,李天斌.汶川地震触发大光包巨型滑坡基本特征及形成机制分析[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):730-741.(HUANG Runqiu,PEI Xiangjun,LI Tianbin.Basic characteristics and formation mechanism of Daguangbao landslide triggered by Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2008,16(6):730-741.(in Chinese))
[15]黄润秋.汶川8.0级地震触发崩滑灾害机制及其地质力学模式[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(6):1239-1249.(HUANG Runqiu.Mechanism and geomechanical modes of landslide hazards triggered by Wenchuan8.0earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(6):1239-1249.(in Chinese))
[16]HUANG R Q.Some catastrophic landslides since the20th Century in the southwest of China[J].Landslides,2009,6(1):69-82.
[2]卫宏,张玉三,李太任,等.岩石显微空隙粒度分布的分形特征与岩石强度的关系[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(3):318-320.(WEI Hong,ZHANG Yusan,LI Tairen,et al.Relationship between fractal features of microvoid grains distribution and strength of rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2000,19(3):318-320.(in Chinese))
[3]王泽云,刘立,刘保县.岩石微结构与微裂纹的损伤演化特征[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(10):1599-1603.(WANG Zeyun,LIU Li,LIU Baoxian.Characteristics of damage evolution of micropore and microcrack in rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(10):1599-1603.(in Chinese))
[4]HUDSON J A,HARRISON J.Engineering rock mechanics:an introduction to the principles[M].Oxford:Elsevier Science Ltd.,1997.
[5]程谦恭,胡厚田,胡广韬,等.高速岩质滑坡临床弹冲与峰残强降复合启程加速动力学机制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(2):173-176.(CHENG Qiangong,HU Houtian,HU Guangtao,et al.A study of complex accelerated dynamic mechanism of high speed landslide by elastic rocky impulse and peak-residual strength drop[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2000,19(2):173-176.(in Chinese))
[6]林鹏,王仁坤,黄凯珠.含裂纹缺陷脆性岩石的峰值强度模型[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2006,46(9):1514-15l7.(LIN Peng,WANG Renkun,HUANG R H C.Peak strength model of brittle rocks containing flaws[J].Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology),2006,46(9):1514-1517.(in Chinese))
[7]尤明庆,苏承东,缑勇.大理岩孔道试样的强度及变形特性的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(12):2420-2429.(YOU Mingqing,SU Chengdong,GOU Yong.Experimental investigation on strength and deformation properties of marble under conventional triaxial compression[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2007,26(12):2420-2429.(in Chinese))
[8]徐斌,孔宪京,邹德高,等.饱和砂砾料液化后应力与变形特性试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(1):103-106.(XU Bin,KONG Xianjing,ZOU Degao,et al.Laboratory study on behaviour of static properties of saturated sand-gravel after liquefaction[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2007,29(1):103-106.(in Chinese))
[9]刘晓丽,王思敬,王恩志,等.单轴压缩岩石中缺陷的演化规律及岩石强度[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(6):1195-1201.(LIU Xiaoli,WANG Sijing,WANG Enzhi,et al.Evolution rules of flaws in rock subjected to uniaxial compression and rock strength[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(6):1195-1201.(in Chinese))
[10]黄润秋,黄达.卸荷条件下花岗岩力学特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(11):2205-2213.(HUANG Runqiu,HUANG Da.Experimental research on mechanical properties of granites under unloading condition[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(11):2205-2213.(in Chinese))
[11]于德海,彭建兵.三轴压缩下水影响绿泥石片岩力学性质试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(1):205-211.(YU Dehai,PENG Jianbing.Experimental study of mechnical properties of chlorite schist with water under triaxial compression[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(1):205-211.(in Chinese))
[12]殷跃平.汶川八级地震滑坡高速远程特征分析[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(2):153-164.(YIN Yueping.Papid and long run-out features of landslides triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2009,17(2):153-164.(in Chinese))
[13]YIN Y P,WANG F W,SUN P.Geohazards triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake[C]//The First Landslide Forum.Tokyo:[s.n.],2008:1-15.
[14]黄润秋,裴向军,李天斌.汶川地震触发大光包巨型滑坡基本特征及形成机制分析[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):730-741.(HUANG Runqiu,PEI Xiangjun,LI Tianbin.Basic characteristics and formation mechanism of Daguangbao landslide triggered by Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2008,16(6):730-741.(in Chinese))
[15]黄润秋.汶川8.0级地震触发崩滑灾害机制及其地质力学模式[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(6):1239-1249.(HUANG Runqiu.Mechanism and geomechanical modes of landslide hazards triggered by Wenchuan8.0earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(6):1239-1249.(in Chinese))
[16]HUANG R Q.Some catastrophic landslides since the20th Century in the southwest of China[J].Landslides,2009,6(1):69-82.
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