黄河某水电站顺层岩质滑坡形成机理与演化过程
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摘要
黄河上某水电站坝后存在一大型顺层岩质滑坡。钻探、平硐、槽探和现场勘查勘察资料表明该滑坡具有平面分区和剖面分层的显著特征。运用地质环境系统全过程动态演化的观点,采用力学理论、物理模型、数值模拟等方法,分析了滑坡的形成机理和演化机制:该滑坡是在河流冲刷和地震活动等内外综合作用下因层状岩质斜坡岩体层间错动和溃屈基而形成,其演化具有明显时间和空间差异性的多次滑动。在此基础上采用多种极限平衡计算方法综合评价滑坡各区、各级在天然状态下的稳定状态,并结合滑坡所处的地质环境及其演化特征预测滑坡在雾雨、地震以及二者耦合作用下的演化趋势。
The landslide located at the downstream of a hydropower station on the Yellow river is a large-scale consequent rock landslide.The data of drilling,cavern,trenching and field investigation shows that the landslide has remarkable characteristics,that are multi zones in plain and multi layers in profile.Based on the viewpoint of dynamical evolution of geological environment system,using the methods of mechanical theory analysis,physical model test and numerical simulation,its formation mechanism and evolution process are analyzed.The landslide formed due to shear between layers of bed rock mass in the slope and bed-burst under the actions of erosion of the river water,earthquakes and so on.The characteristics and evidences show that it slided repeatedly until now and each part has different sliding feature at different phase.Based on the knowledge mentioned as above,the stabilities under current situation of each zone and each layer in the landslide are comprehensively analyzed using many limit equilibrium methods.Combining geological environments where landslide located and their variation features,the develop trend of this landslide is also predicted under the coupled action of atomized rain and earthquake in future.
The landslide located at the downstream of a hydropower station on the Yellow river is a large-scale consequent rock landslide.The data of drilling,cavern,trenching and field investigation shows that the landslide has remarkable characteristics,that are multi zones in plain and multi layers in profile.Based on the viewpoint of dynamical evolution of geological environment system,using the methods of mechanical theory analysis,physical model test and numerical simulation,its formation mechanism and evolution process are analyzed.The landslide formed due to shear between layers of bed rock mass in the slope and bed-burst under the actions of erosion of the river water,earthquakes and so on.The characteristics and evidences show that it slided repeatedly until now and each part has different sliding feature at different phase.Based on the knowledge mentioned as above,the stabilities under current situation of each zone and each layer in the landslide are comprehensively analyzed using many limit equilibrium methods.Combining geological environments where landslide located and their variation features,the develop trend of this landslide is also predicted under the coupled action of atomized rain and earthquake in future.
引文
[1]刘高,张帆宇,李新召.凤安山滑坡地质过程研究[A]∥第二届全国岩土与工程学术大会论文集[C].北京:科学出版社,2006,418-424.
[2]王恭先,徐峻龄,刘光代.滑坡学与滑坡防治技术[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2004.
[3]刘惠军,孙冠平,刘小伟.天池滑坡坝在地震作用下稳定性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(Supp.2):2809-2812.
[4]夏正楷,杨晓燕,叶茂林.青海喇家遗址史前灾难事件[J].科学通报,2003,48(11):1200-1204.
[5]孙广忠,张文彬.一种常见的岩体结构-板裂结构及其力学模型[A]∥中国科学院地质研究所编.工程地质研究文集(二)[G].1985:275-282.
[6]李吉均,方小敏,马海洲.晚新生代黄河上游地貌演化与青藏高原隆起[J].中国科学,1996,26(4):316-322.
[7]Panizza M.Geomorphology and seismic risk[J].Earth-ScienceReview,1991,31(1):11-20.
[8]Jibson R W,Harp E L.Landslides triggered by the Northridgeearthquake[J].Earthquakes&Volcanoes,1991,25(1):31-35.
[9]卢育霞.宁夏西吉县境地震滑坡的地貌特征及其减灾开发对策探讨[J].西北地震学报,2007,29(1):79-83.
[10]李元池.地震与滑坡的关系及地震滑坡预测的探讨[A]∥滑坡文集(第二集)[G].北京:人民铁道出版社,1979:127-132.
[11]Keefer D K.Landslides caused by earthquakes[J].Geo.Soc.America Bulletin.1984,95:406-421.
[2]王恭先,徐峻龄,刘光代.滑坡学与滑坡防治技术[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2004.
[3]刘惠军,孙冠平,刘小伟.天池滑坡坝在地震作用下稳定性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(Supp.2):2809-2812.
[4]夏正楷,杨晓燕,叶茂林.青海喇家遗址史前灾难事件[J].科学通报,2003,48(11):1200-1204.
[5]孙广忠,张文彬.一种常见的岩体结构-板裂结构及其力学模型[A]∥中国科学院地质研究所编.工程地质研究文集(二)[G].1985:275-282.
[6]李吉均,方小敏,马海洲.晚新生代黄河上游地貌演化与青藏高原隆起[J].中国科学,1996,26(4):316-322.
[7]Panizza M.Geomorphology and seismic risk[J].Earth-ScienceReview,1991,31(1):11-20.
[8]Jibson R W,Harp E L.Landslides triggered by the Northridgeearthquake[J].Earthquakes&Volcanoes,1991,25(1):31-35.
[9]卢育霞.宁夏西吉县境地震滑坡的地貌特征及其减灾开发对策探讨[J].西北地震学报,2007,29(1):79-83.
[10]李元池.地震与滑坡的关系及地震滑坡预测的探讨[A]∥滑坡文集(第二集)[G].北京:人民铁道出版社,1979:127-132.
[11]Keefer D K.Landslides caused by earthquakes[J].Geo.Soc.America Bulletin.1984,95:406-421.
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