南海东北部内波特征——经验模态分解方法应用初探
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摘要
利用地震海洋学方法研究海洋内波已成为海洋地球物理学家与物理海洋学家共同关注的前沿问题.本文尝试利用当今时频分析的新手段——希尔伯特-黄变换中的经验模态分解(EMD)方法对南海东北部地震数据处理获得的垂直位移分布数据进行分解,获得了一些有新意的结果.分解结果表明,南海东北部海盆上方区域的内波包含波长约1.2、2.5、4、12.5 km的组成成分,其中波长约1.2、2.5 km的内波在200～1050 m的深度范围内上、下各层的波动基本耦合;波长约4 km与1 2.5 km的内波以600～700 m的水层为分界,其上、下部分的内波相位差90°,指示低波数内波能量的斜向传播.这些研究表明,EMD方法在内波运动学特征的地震海洋学研宄方面有良好的应用前景.
Research on ocean internal waves by seismic oceanography is a frontier issue concerned by marine geophysicists and physical oceanographers.The paper applied Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) method of a new time-frequency analysis tool-Hilbert-Huang transform for studying vertical displacement data of internal waves in the northeastern South China Sea from seismic data and obtained new results.It showed that the internal waves above the central basin of South China Sea consist of components of different wavelength of around 1.2, 2.5, 4, 12.5 km.The internal waves of the wavelength of 1.2 and 2.5 km are coupled between the upper and the lower part within the depth range of 200～1050 m, while the separated interface located at 600～700 m exists for the internal waves of the wavelength of around 4 and 12.5 km and the phase change is about 90° between the upper and the lower part, which infers oblique propagation of low wave-number internal waves energy.It inferred there is nice potential application of EMD method in seismic oceanography research.
Research on ocean internal waves by seismic oceanography is a frontier issue concerned by marine geophysicists and physical oceanographers.The paper applied Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) method of a new time-frequency analysis tool-Hilbert-Huang transform for studying vertical displacement data of internal waves in the northeastern South China Sea from seismic data and obtained new results.It showed that the internal waves above the central basin of South China Sea consist of components of different wavelength of around 1.2, 2.5, 4, 12.5 km.The internal waves of the wavelength of 1.2 and 2.5 km are coupled between the upper and the lower part within the depth range of 200～1050 m, while the separated interface located at 600～700 m exists for the internal waves of the wavelength of around 4 and 12.5 km and the phase change is about 90° between the upper and the lower part, which infers oblique propagation of low wave-number internal waves energy.It inferred there is nice potential application of EMD method in seismic oceanography research.
引文
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[12] 卢著敏,陈桂英,尚晓东.南海北部中深层细结构混合研究.热带海洋学报,2009,28(3) :21～28Lu Z M, Chen G Y, Shang X D. Fine-scale mixing in the intermediate and deep layers of the South China Sea. Journal of Tropical Oceanography (in Chinese), 2009, 28(3) : 21～28
[13] 宋海斌,Pinheiro L,王东晓等.海洋中尺度涡与内波的地震 图像.地球物理学报,2009,52(11) :2775～2780,doi:10． 3969/j.issn.0001-5733． 2009． 11． 012Song H B, Pinheiro L, Wang D X, et al. Seismic images of ocean meso-scale eddies and internal waves. Chinese J.Geophys. (in Chinese), 2009, 52(11) :2775～2780, doi:10． 3969/ j. issn. 0001-5733． 2009． 11． 012
[14] 董崇志,宋海斌,郝天珧等.南海东北部海洋内波的反射地震研究.地球物理学报,2009,52(8) :2050～2055,doi:10． 3969/j. issn. 0001 5733． 2009． 08． 013Dong C Z, Song H B, Hao T Y, et al. Studying of oceanic internal wave spectra in the Northeast South China Sea from seismic reflections. Chinese J. Geophys. ( in Chinese),2009, 52(8) : 2050 ～2055, doi: 10． 3969/j. issn. 0001 5733． 2009． 08． 013
[15] Huang N E, Shen Z, Long S R, et al. The empirical mode decomposition and the Hilbert spectrum for nonlinear and non-stationary time series analysis. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, A, 1998, 454:903～995
[16] 陈林,宋海斌.基于经验模态分解的地震瞬时属性提取.地球物理学进展,2008,23(4) :1179～1185Chen L, Song H B. Seismic instantaneous attribute extraction based on empirical mode decomposition. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2008, 23(4) :1179～1185
[17] Huang N E, Wu Z H. A review on Hilbert-Huang transform: method and its applications to geophysical studies. Reviews of Geophysics, 2008, 46(2) :RG2006
[18] 宋海斌,董崇志,陈林等.用反射地震方法研究物理海洋--地震海洋学简介.地球物理学进展,2008,23(4) :1156～1164Song H B, Dong C Z, Chen L, et al. Reflection seismic methods for studying physical oceanography: introduction of seismic oceanography. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2008, 23(4) : 1156～1164
[19] Ruddick B, Song H B, Dong C Z, et al. Water column seismic images as smoothed maps of temperature gradient. Oceanography, 2009, 22(1) : 192～205
[20] Pinheiro L M, Song H B, Ruddick B, et al. Detailed 2-D imaging of the Mediterranean outflow and Meddies of W Iberia from multichannel seismic data. J. Mar. Syst. , 2010, 79: 89～100, doi: 10． 1016/j. jmarsys. 2009． 07． 004
[21] Krahmann G, Brandt P, Klaeschen D, et al. Mid-depth internal wave energy off the Iberian Peninsula estimated from seismic reflection data. J. Geophys. Res., 2008, 113, C12016, doi:10． 1029/2007JC004678
[2] Holbrook W S, Fer I. Ocean internal wave spectra inferred from seismic reflection transects. Geophys. Res. Lett., 2005, 32 : L15604, doi: 10． 1029/2005GL023733
[3] Garrett C, Munk W. Space-time scales of internal waves. Geophys. Fluid Dyn. ,1972,3 :225～264
[4] Garrett C, Munk W. Space-time scales of internal waves: progress report. J. Geophys. Res., 1975,80(3) : 291～297
[5] Katz E, Briscoe M G. Vertical coherence of the internal wave field from towed sensors. J. Phys. Oceanogr. , 1979, 9(3) : 518～530
[6] Liu A K, Chang Y S, Hsu M K, et al. Evolution of nonlinear internal waves in the East and South China Seas. J. Geophys. Res., 1998, 103(C4) :7997～8008
[7] 蔡树群,甘子钧,龙小敏.南海北部孤立子内波的一些特征和演变.科学通报,2001,46(15) :1245～1250Cai S Q, Gan Z J, Long X M. Some characteristics and evolution of the internal soliton in the northern South China Sea. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2002,47 (1) : 21 ～ 27
[8] Zhao Z, Klemas V, Zheng Q, et al. Remote sensing evidence for baroclinic tide origin of internal solitary waves in the northeastern South China Sea. Geophys. Res. Lett., 2004, 31: L06302, doi: 10． 1029/2003GL019077
[9] 张效谦,梁鑫峰,田纪伟.南海北部450m以浅水层内潮和近惯性运动研究.科学通报,2005,50(18) :2077～2031Zhang X Q, Liang X F, Tian J W. Observation of internal tides and near-inertial motions in the upper 450m layer of the northern South China Sea. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2005,50(24) : 2890～2895
[10] 郭朴,方文东,甘子钧等.南海北部大陆坡区的内潮特征.科学通报,2006,51(增刊Ⅱ):15～22Guo P, Fang W D, Gan Z J, et al. The characteristic of internal tides in the slope in northern South China Sea.Chinese Science Bulletin (in Chinese), 2006, 51 (Suppl.Ⅱ) :15～22
[11] 尚晓东,卢著敏,谢晓辉等.南海北部陆坡海域内波谱特征.热带海洋学报,2009,28(3) :16～20Shang X D, Lu Z M, Xie X H, et al.Characteristics of internal-wave spectra on the continental slope of the northern South China Sea. Journal of Tropical Oceanography (in Chinese), 2009, 28(3) :16～20
[12] 卢著敏,陈桂英,尚晓东.南海北部中深层细结构混合研究.热带海洋学报,2009,28(3) :21～28Lu Z M, Chen G Y, Shang X D. Fine-scale mixing in the intermediate and deep layers of the South China Sea. Journal of Tropical Oceanography (in Chinese), 2009, 28(3) : 21～28
[13] 宋海斌,Pinheiro L,王东晓等.海洋中尺度涡与内波的地震 图像.地球物理学报,2009,52(11) :2775～2780,doi:10． 3969/j.issn.0001-5733． 2009． 11． 012Song H B, Pinheiro L, Wang D X, et al. Seismic images of ocean meso-scale eddies and internal waves. Chinese J.Geophys. (in Chinese), 2009, 52(11) :2775～2780, doi:10． 3969/ j. issn. 0001-5733． 2009． 11． 012
[14] 董崇志,宋海斌,郝天珧等.南海东北部海洋内波的反射地震研究.地球物理学报,2009,52(8) :2050～2055,doi:10． 3969/j. issn. 0001 5733． 2009． 08． 013Dong C Z, Song H B, Hao T Y, et al. Studying of oceanic internal wave spectra in the Northeast South China Sea from seismic reflections. Chinese J. Geophys. ( in Chinese),2009, 52(8) : 2050 ～2055, doi: 10． 3969/j. issn. 0001 5733． 2009． 08． 013
[15] Huang N E, Shen Z, Long S R, et al. The empirical mode decomposition and the Hilbert spectrum for nonlinear and non-stationary time series analysis. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, A, 1998, 454:903～995
[16] 陈林,宋海斌.基于经验模态分解的地震瞬时属性提取.地球物理学进展,2008,23(4) :1179～1185Chen L, Song H B. Seismic instantaneous attribute extraction based on empirical mode decomposition. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2008, 23(4) :1179～1185
[17] Huang N E, Wu Z H. A review on Hilbert-Huang transform: method and its applications to geophysical studies. Reviews of Geophysics, 2008, 46(2) :RG2006
[18] 宋海斌,董崇志,陈林等.用反射地震方法研究物理海洋--地震海洋学简介.地球物理学进展,2008,23(4) :1156～1164Song H B, Dong C Z, Chen L, et al. Reflection seismic methods for studying physical oceanography: introduction of seismic oceanography. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2008, 23(4) : 1156～1164
[19] Ruddick B, Song H B, Dong C Z, et al. Water column seismic images as smoothed maps of temperature gradient. Oceanography, 2009, 22(1) : 192～205
[20] Pinheiro L M, Song H B, Ruddick B, et al. Detailed 2-D imaging of the Mediterranean outflow and Meddies of W Iberia from multichannel seismic data. J. Mar. Syst. , 2010, 79: 89～100, doi: 10． 1016/j. jmarsys. 2009． 07． 004
[21] Krahmann G, Brandt P, Klaeschen D, et al. Mid-depth internal wave energy off the Iberian Peninsula estimated from seismic reflection data. J. Geophys. Res., 2008, 113, C12016, doi:10． 1029/2007JC004678
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