龙门山及其邻区的地壳厚度和泊松比
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摘要
根据龙门山及其周边地区(26°～35°N,98°～109°E)的132个台站的宽频带远震记录,使用H-k叠加方法计算地壳厚度和波速比。结果表明该区域的地壳厚度总体变化是:从东向西增加,东部的最小厚度为37.8km,西部的最大厚度是68.1km,其中横跨龙门山断裂带的地壳厚度变化最大,从东南的41.5km增加到西北的52.5km。根据Airy均衡理论,用台站的高程和观测地壳厚度数据求得最小二乘意义下的壳幔密度差为0.649g/cm~3,平均地壳厚度为37.9km。龙门山及其邻近地区基本上处于均衡状态。松潘-甘孜地体北部和西秦岭造山带具有低泊松比(v<0.26),扬子地台的西南部具有低-中泊松比(v<0.27),松潘-甘孜地体南部、三江褶皱带和四川盆地具有中-高泊松比(0.26≤v≤0.29)。该地区的泊松比空间分布不支持青藏高原东部广泛分布的下地壳流的假说。龙门山断裂带南段及其附近地区的高泊松比(v≥0.30)可以看成是地壳具有较高的铁镁质组分和/或存在部分熔融。该地区下地壳可能是处于富含流体和温度较高的部分熔融状态。松潘-甘孜块体南部的上地壳物质向东运动,受刚性强度较大的扬子地台的阻挡,导致沿龙门山断裂带产生应变积累。当断层被地壳流体弱化,积累的应变能量快速释放,产生汶川M_S8.0地震。
On the basis of the broadband teleseismic data recorded at 132 seismic stations in Longmenshan Mountains and adjacent regions(26°～ 35°N,98°～109°E),the crustal thicknesses and Poisson's ratios were estimated by the H-k stacking method.The general trend of the crustal thickness variation appears an increase from east to west,with a minimum thickness of 37.8km and a maximum thickness of 68.1km.Across the Longmenshan fault zone(LSFZ) from southeast to northwest,the crustal thickness increases sharply from 41.5km to 52.5km.According to Airy's isostatic hypothesis and on the basis of the crustal thickness obtained from the H-k stacking,the density contrast between the crust and the uppermost mantle and the mean crustal thickness were estimated to be 0.649g/cm~3 and 37.9km,respectively.The isostatic anomalies suggest that the crust in Longmenshan Mountains and adjacent regions is basically in an isostatic state.The results also show that the Northern Songpan-Garze terrane and the Western Qingling orogenic belt have low Poisson's ratios(v<0.26),the south Western Yangtze platform has low-to-intermediate Poisson's ratios(v<0.27),and the Southern Songpan-Garze terrane,the Sanjiang fold system and the Sichuan Basin have high-to-intermediate Poisson's ratios(0.26≤v≤0.29).The distribution pattern of Poisson's ratios does not support the hypothesis of widespread lower crust flow in the eastern Tibetan Plateau.High Poisson's ratios(v≥0.30)in the south segment of LSFZ and its neighboring areas can be regarded as the evidence for the existence of more mafic composition and/or partial melting.The lower crust in the Southern Songpan-Garze terrane may be liquid-rich and in the state of high temperature and partial melting.The eastward movement of the upper crust is obstructed by the more rigid Yangtze platform.When the fault was weakened by the crustal fluid,the accumulated stain energy was released through the Longmenshan fault zone,and so the Wenchuan M_S8.0 earthquake occurred.
On the basis of the broadband teleseismic data recorded at 132 seismic stations in Longmenshan Mountains and adjacent regions(26°～ 35°N,98°～109°E),the crustal thicknesses and Poisson's ratios were estimated by the H-k stacking method.The general trend of the crustal thickness variation appears an increase from east to west,with a minimum thickness of 37.8km and a maximum thickness of 68.1km.Across the Longmenshan fault zone(LSFZ) from southeast to northwest,the crustal thickness increases sharply from 41.5km to 52.5km.According to Airy's isostatic hypothesis and on the basis of the crustal thickness obtained from the H-k stacking,the density contrast between the crust and the uppermost mantle and the mean crustal thickness were estimated to be 0.649g/cm~3 and 37.9km,respectively.The isostatic anomalies suggest that the crust in Longmenshan Mountains and adjacent regions is basically in an isostatic state.The results also show that the Northern Songpan-Garze terrane and the Western Qingling orogenic belt have low Poisson's ratios(v<0.26),the south Western Yangtze platform has low-to-intermediate Poisson's ratios(v<0.27),and the Southern Songpan-Garze terrane,the Sanjiang fold system and the Sichuan Basin have high-to-intermediate Poisson's ratios(0.26≤v≤0.29).The distribution pattern of Poisson's ratios does not support the hypothesis of widespread lower crust flow in the eastern Tibetan Plateau.High Poisson's ratios(v≥0.30)in the south segment of LSFZ and its neighboring areas can be regarded as the evidence for the existence of more mafic composition and/or partial melting.The lower crust in the Southern Songpan-Garze terrane may be liquid-rich and in the state of high temperature and partial melting.The eastward movement of the upper crust is obstructed by the more rigid Yangtze platform.When the fault was weakened by the crustal fluid,the accumulated stain energy was released through the Longmenshan fault zone,and so the Wenchuan M_S8.0 earthquake occurred.
引文
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20 Yao Huajian,Van der Hilst R D,De Hoop M V.Surface-wave array tomography in SE Tibet from ambient seismic noise and two-station analysis-Ⅰ.Phase velocity maps.Geophysical Journal International,2006,166:732-744
21 徐果明,姚华建,朱良保等.中国西部及其邻域地区的地壳上地幔横波速度结构.地球物理学报,2007,50:193-208 Xu Guoming,Yao Huajian,Zhu Liangbao et al.Shear wave velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle in Western China and its adjacent area.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2007,50:193-208
22 袁学诚主编.中国大陆地球物理图集.北京:地质出版社,1996． 157-158 Yuan Xuecheng ed.Geophysical Atas of China.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1996． 157-158
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24 Wang Chunyong,Lou Hai,Silver P et al.Crustal structure variation along 30°N in the eastern Tibetan Plateau and its tectonic implications.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2010,259 (3-4) :367-376,doi:10． 1026/j.epsI.2009． 11． 026
25刘启元,李昱,陈九辉等.汶川M_S8． 0地震:地壳上地幔S波速度结构的初步研究.地球物理学报,2009,52(2) :309-319 Liu Qiyuan,Li Yu,Chen Jiuhui et al.Wenchuan M_S8． 0 earthquake: Preliminary study of S-wave velocity structure in crust and upper mantle.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2009,52 (2) :309-319
26 Langston C A.Structure under Mount Rainier,Washington,inferred from teleseismic body waves.Journal of Geophysical Research,1979,84 (B9) :4749-4762
27 Owens T J,Zandt G,Taylor S R.Seismic evidence for an ancient rift beneath the Cumberland Plateau,Tennessee:A detailed analysis of broadband teleseismic P waveforms,Journal of Geophysical Research,1984,89 (B9) :7783-7795
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