紫坪铺水库对附近断层稳定性影响的探讨
|
摘要
汶川地震的发生与其附近的紫坪铺水库是否有关是一个引起国际关注的问题.考虑水库的实际形状和蓄水深度,使用半无限空间的解析解,分析讨论了水库蓄水和放水过程对周围区域断层稳定性的影响.结果表明,对于倾角较小的断层面,水库放水使库区下方近地表的库仑应力有明显增加,增量达到0.2MPa,远离水库区域的库仑应力呈现象限性特征,而且随着距离的增加迅速减小.汶川地震震源落在蓄水时库仑应力减小、放水时库仑应力增加的区域内,但由于距离水库较远的原因,汶川地震前放水时库仑应力的增量只有0.005MPa左右.
Whether the Zipingpu reservoir triggered the 5.12 earthquake has attracted international attention.We discuss influences of the artificial load on stability of faults in the vicinity based on the solution of Boussinesq’s problem with the consideration of geometry of the reservoir and real water depth.The results indicate that the static Coulomb stress changes obviously near the surface and its magnitude can be 0.2MPa,but decreases rapidly with distance.The seismic source of the 5.12 earthquake was in the field where the static Coulomb stress changes are positive.However,the magnitude of about 0.005MPa is too small because of the remoteness from the reservoir.We also discuss the distribution of the static Coulomb stress caused by point load on some typical faults.
Whether the Zipingpu reservoir triggered the 5.12 earthquake has attracted international attention.We discuss influences of the artificial load on stability of faults in the vicinity based on the solution of Boussinesq’s problem with the consideration of geometry of the reservoir and real water depth.The results indicate that the static Coulomb stress changes obviously near the surface and its magnitude can be 0.2MPa,but decreases rapidly with distance.The seismic source of the 5.12 earthquake was in the field where the static Coulomb stress changes are positive.However,the magnitude of about 0.005MPa is too small because of the remoteness from the reservoir.We also discuss the distribution of the static Coulomb stress caused by point load on some typical faults.
引文
[1]Gupta H K.A review of recent studies of triggered earthquakes by artificial water reservoirs with special emphasis on earthquakes in Koyna,India[J].Earth-Science Reviews,2002,58(3/4):279-310.
[2]Pandey A P,Chadha R K.Surface loading and triggered earthquakes in the Koyna-Warna region,western India[J].Physics of The Earth and Planetary Interiors,2003,139(3/4):207-223.
[3]Chung W Y,Liu C.The reservoir-associated earthquakes of April1983in western Thailand:Source modeling and implications for induced seismicity[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,1992,138(1):17-41.
[4]Deng Q D,Chen S F,Zhao X L.Tectonics,scismisity and dynamics of longmenshan mountains and its adjacent regions[J].Seismology and Geology,1994,16(1):389-403(in Chinese).邓起东,陈社发,赵小麟.龙门山及其邻区的构造和地震活动及动力学[J].地震地质,1994,16(1):389-403.
[5]Lei X L,Ma S L,Wen X Z,et al.Integrated analysis of stress and regional seismicity by surface loading a case stydy of Zipingpu reservoir[J].Seismology and Geology,2008,30(4):1046-1064(in Chinese).雷兴林,马胜利,闻学泽,等.地表水体对断层应力与地震时空分布影响的综合分析———以紫坪铺水库为例[J].地震地质,2008,30(4):1046-1064.
[6]Ge S M,Liu M,Lu N,et al.Did the Zipingpu Reservoir trigger the2008Wenchuan earthquake?[J].Geophys Res Lett,2009,36(20):L20315.
[7]Chen Y.Did the reservoir impoundment trigger the Wenchuan earthquake?[J].Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences,2009,52(4):431-433.
[8]陈颙.汶川地震并非由水库引起[J].科学世界,2009,(5):51-52.
[9]钱伟长,叶开沅.弹性力学[M].北京:科学出版社,1956:309.
[10]王敏中.高等弹性力学[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2002:134.
[11]King G C P,Stein R S,Lin J.Static stress changes and the triggering of earthquakes[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1994,84(3):935-953.
[12]Shi Y L,Cao J L.Some aspects in static stress change calculation case study on Wenchuan earthquake[J].Chinese J Geophy,2010,53(1):102-110.(in Chinese).石耀霖,曹建玲.库仑应力计算及应用过程中若干问题的讨论[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(1):102-110.
[13]Zhu A L,Xu X W,Diao G L,et al.Relocation of the Ms8.0Wenchuan earthquake sequence in part:preliminary seismotectonic analysis[J].Seismology and Geology,2008,30(3):759-767(in Chinese).朱艾斓,徐锡伟,刁桂苓等.汶川Ms8.0地震部分余震重新定位及地震构造初步分析[J].地震地质,2008,30(3):759-767.
[14]Huang J L,Zhao D P,Zheng S H.Lithospheric structure and its relationship to seismic and volcanic activity in southwest China[J].J Geophys Res,2002,107(B10)doi:10.1029/2000jb000137.
[15]Lei J S,Zhao D P,Su J R,et al.Fine seismic structure under the Longmenshan fault zone and the mechanism of the large Wenchuan earthquake[J].Chinese J Geophys,2009,52(2):339-345(in Chinese).雷建设,赵大鹏,苏金蓉,等.龙门山断裂带地壳精细结构与汶川地震发震机理[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(2):339-345.
[16]Lay T,Wallace TC.Modern global seismology[M].Seattle:Academy Press,1995:54.
[17]Cui Y Q,Ma S L,Liu L Q.Effect of lateral stress perturbation on frictional behavior:an expermental study[J].Seismology and Geology,2005,27(4):645-652(in Chinese).崔永权,马胜利,刘力强.侧向应力扰动对断层摩擦影响的实验研究[J].地震地质,2005,27(4):645-652.
[18]Harris R A.Introduction to special section:Stress triggers,stress shadows,and implications for seismic hazard[J].J Geophys Res,1998,103(B10):24347-24358.
[2]Pandey A P,Chadha R K.Surface loading and triggered earthquakes in the Koyna-Warna region,western India[J].Physics of The Earth and Planetary Interiors,2003,139(3/4):207-223.
[3]Chung W Y,Liu C.The reservoir-associated earthquakes of April1983in western Thailand:Source modeling and implications for induced seismicity[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,1992,138(1):17-41.
[4]Deng Q D,Chen S F,Zhao X L.Tectonics,scismisity and dynamics of longmenshan mountains and its adjacent regions[J].Seismology and Geology,1994,16(1):389-403(in Chinese).邓起东,陈社发,赵小麟.龙门山及其邻区的构造和地震活动及动力学[J].地震地质,1994,16(1):389-403.
[5]Lei X L,Ma S L,Wen X Z,et al.Integrated analysis of stress and regional seismicity by surface loading a case stydy of Zipingpu reservoir[J].Seismology and Geology,2008,30(4):1046-1064(in Chinese).雷兴林,马胜利,闻学泽,等.地表水体对断层应力与地震时空分布影响的综合分析———以紫坪铺水库为例[J].地震地质,2008,30(4):1046-1064.
[6]Ge S M,Liu M,Lu N,et al.Did the Zipingpu Reservoir trigger the2008Wenchuan earthquake?[J].Geophys Res Lett,2009,36(20):L20315.
[7]Chen Y.Did the reservoir impoundment trigger the Wenchuan earthquake?[J].Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences,2009,52(4):431-433.
[8]陈颙.汶川地震并非由水库引起[J].科学世界,2009,(5):51-52.
[9]钱伟长,叶开沅.弹性力学[M].北京:科学出版社,1956:309.
[10]王敏中.高等弹性力学[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2002:134.
[11]King G C P,Stein R S,Lin J.Static stress changes and the triggering of earthquakes[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1994,84(3):935-953.
[12]Shi Y L,Cao J L.Some aspects in static stress change calculation case study on Wenchuan earthquake[J].Chinese J Geophy,2010,53(1):102-110.(in Chinese).石耀霖,曹建玲.库仑应力计算及应用过程中若干问题的讨论[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(1):102-110.
[13]Zhu A L,Xu X W,Diao G L,et al.Relocation of the Ms8.0Wenchuan earthquake sequence in part:preliminary seismotectonic analysis[J].Seismology and Geology,2008,30(3):759-767(in Chinese).朱艾斓,徐锡伟,刁桂苓等.汶川Ms8.0地震部分余震重新定位及地震构造初步分析[J].地震地质,2008,30(3):759-767.
[14]Huang J L,Zhao D P,Zheng S H.Lithospheric structure and its relationship to seismic and volcanic activity in southwest China[J].J Geophys Res,2002,107(B10)doi:10.1029/2000jb000137.
[15]Lei J S,Zhao D P,Su J R,et al.Fine seismic structure under the Longmenshan fault zone and the mechanism of the large Wenchuan earthquake[J].Chinese J Geophys,2009,52(2):339-345(in Chinese).雷建设,赵大鹏,苏金蓉,等.龙门山断裂带地壳精细结构与汶川地震发震机理[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(2):339-345.
[16]Lay T,Wallace TC.Modern global seismology[M].Seattle:Academy Press,1995:54.
[17]Cui Y Q,Ma S L,Liu L Q.Effect of lateral stress perturbation on frictional behavior:an expermental study[J].Seismology and Geology,2005,27(4):645-652(in Chinese).崔永权,马胜利,刘力强.侧向应力扰动对断层摩擦影响的实验研究[J].地震地质,2005,27(4):645-652.
[18]Harris R A.Introduction to special section:Stress triggers,stress shadows,and implications for seismic hazard[J].J Geophys Res,1998,103(B10):24347-24358.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心