某区块三维深水采集设计与论证
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摘要
某区块主要勘探目的层位于2.5～3.5s,埋藏较深、断裂发育、构造破碎、各年度存在闭合差.地震资料的信噪比与分辨率不满足油气勘探需求.为此,针对该区块的地震地质条件,结合照明分析以及兼顾各项采集设计要求与工作效率的条件下,重新论证并设计了三维地震观测系统,并给出了海上三维采集设计的处理思路.
The main exploration targets of the depression are characterized by deep buried depths about 2.5 s to 3.5 s and well developed fractures and different matching times in every year of 3-D seismic data.The S/N ratio and resolution of the current seismic data can not satisfy the requirement for oil-gas exploration.Aiming at the seismic and geologic conditions of the depression and taking acquisition design acquirements and working efficiency into consideration,the 3D seismic system are redesigned,in combination with the illumination analysis,evaluation and design of 3-Dseismic survey system for the depression,and present the througat for 3D design.
The main exploration targets of the depression are characterized by deep buried depths about 2.5 s to 3.5 s and well developed fractures and different matching times in every year of 3-D seismic data.The S/N ratio and resolution of the current seismic data can not satisfy the requirement for oil-gas exploration.Aiming at the seismic and geologic conditions of the depression and taking acquisition design acquirements and working efficiency into consideration,the 3D seismic system are redesigned,in combination with the illumination analysis,evaluation and design of 3-Dseismic survey system for the depression,and present the througat for 3D design.
引文
[1] 何樵登,地震勘探原理和方法[M].北京:地质出版社,1985． He Q D. Principles and methods of seismic exploration[M]. Beijing:Geological Publishing House, 1985．
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[4] 陈洁,温宁,罗文造,等.海试引发深水油气综合地球物理采集的几点思考[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(1) :102～112． Chen J, Wen N, Luo W Z, et al. Several ideas on deep water oil and gas comprehensive geophysical data acquisition from marine experiments[J]. Progress in Geophys. (in Chinese),2009． 24(1) :102～112．
[5] 王西文,赵邦六,吕焕通,等.地震资料采集方式对地震处理的 影响研究[J].地球物理学进展,2010,25(3) :840～852． Wang X W, Zhao B l, Lu H T, et al. Study of seismic data processing method affected by method of acquisition [J]. Progress in Geophys. (in Chinese) ,2010,25(4) :8401～852．
[6] 芦俊,王赟,石瑛.关于VTI介质中多分量转换波地震数据采集的最佳接收时窗[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(1) :234～243． Lu Jun, Wang Y, Shi Y. The best receiving window for acquisition of multi-component converted seismic data in VTI media[J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2006, 49(1) : 234～243．
[7] 杨文采,刘光林,杨锴,等.中国大陆科学钻探孔区全观式三维地震采集[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(3) :735～744． Yang W C, Liu G L, Yang K, et al. All-laid-out threedimensional seismic survey at the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling site[J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2006, 49(3) : 735～744．
[8] 曹国滨,李云伟,崔汝国.垦71地区多波采集方法研究及应用效果[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(5) :1510～1516． Cao G B, Li Y W, Cui R G. The multi-wave seismic acquisition method and applied result in Ken 71 area [J]. Progress in Geophysics ( in Chinese), 2007, 22 ( 5 ) : 1510 ～ 1516．
[9] 蒋韬,符力耘,碗学检,等.基于波动方程的目标导向观测系统设计方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(2) :359～367． Jiang T, Fu L Y, Wan X J, et al. Target-oriented layout designing method based on wave equations[J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2008,23(2) : 359～367．
[10] Cordsen A,Peirce J W.陆上三维地震勘探的设计与施工[M].俞寿朋,等译.石油地球物理勘探局,1996． Cordsen A, Peirce J W. Design and construction for 3-D landseismic exploration [M]. Yu S P. Bureau of Geophysical Prospecting of CNPC, 1996．
[11] 王润秋,李兰兰,李会俭.塔里木地区勘探地震正演模拟研究[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(8) :1875～1882． Wang R Q, Li L L, Li H J. Forward modeling research for seismic exploration of Tarim area[J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2010,53(8) : 1875～1882．
[12] 秦广胜,蔡其新,汪功怀,等.基于叠前成像的三维地震观测系统设计[J].地球物理学进展,2010,25(1) :238～248． Qin G S, Cai Q X, Wang G H, et al. 3D seismic geometry design based on pre-staek imaging[J]. Progress in Geophys. (in Chinese) ,2010,25(1) 238～248．
[13] 周宝华,刘为北.气枪震源的发展与使用分析[J].物探装备,1998,8(2) :105,9． Zhou B H, Liu W B. The development and application of airgun source [J]. Eouipment for Geo Physical Prospecting,1998,8(2) : 105,9．
[14] 尹成,吕公河,田继东,等.三维观测系统属性分析与优化设计[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(5) :495． Yin C, L(u|¨) G H, Tian J D, et al. Attributes analysis and optimum design of 3-D geometry [ J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2005,40(5) :495．
[15] 尹成,吕公河,田继东,等.基于地球物理目标参数的三维观测系统优化设计[J].石油物探,2006,45(1) :74． Yin C, L(u|¨) G H, Tian J D, et al. The optimization of 3-D observation system based on geophysical objective parameters[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum, 2006,45 (1) : 74．
[16] 宋殿光,魏宝君.二维均匀介质中积分方程的快速精确算法[J].地球物理学进展,2010,25(2) :674～680． Song D G, Wei B J. A fast and accurate algorithm for integral equations in a 2D homogeneous medium [J]. Progress in Geophys. (in Chinese) ,2010,25(2) :674～680．
[17] 李萌.改进的一阶弹性波方程交错网格高阶差分解法[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(3) :1065～1068． Li M. Improvement to the staggered-grid high-order difference method of one-order elastic wave equation[J]. Progress in Geophys. (in Chinese), 2009,24(3) : 1065～1068．
[18] 皮红梅,蒋先艺,刘财,等.波动方程数值模拟的三种方法及对比[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(2) :391～397． Pi H M, Jiang X Y, Liu C, et al. Three methods of wave equation forward modeling and comparisons[J]. Progress in Geophys. (in Chinese) ,2009,24(2) :391～397．
[19] 张辉,王成祥,张剑锋.基于单程波方程的角度域照明分析[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(6) :1606～1614． Zhang H, Wang C X, Zhang J F. One-way wave equation based illumination analysis in angel domain[J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2009,52(6) : 1606～1614．
[20] 杨仁虎,常旭,刘伊克.基于非均匀各向同性介质的黏弹性波正演数值模拟[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(9) :2321～ 2327． Yang R H, Chang X, Liu Y K. Viscoelastic wave modeling in heterogeneous and isotropic media [ J ]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese) ,2009,52(9) :2321～2327．
[21] 陈生昌,王汉闯.基于平面波照明的偏移成像补偿[J].地球物理学报,2009,53(7) :1710～1715． Chen S C, Wang H C. Migration compensation with plane wave illumination[J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2010,53(7) : 1710～1715．
[2] 陆基孟.地震勘探原理[M].东营:石油大学出版社,1993． Lu J M. Seismic Exploration Theory [M]. Dongying: Petroleum University Publishing Company, 1993．
[3] 徐锦玺,邱燕,何京国,等.滩浅海地震勘探采集技术应用[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(1) :66～70． Xu J X, Qiu Y, He J G, et al. Seismic exploration acquisition technique application of Beach shallow sea [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2005,20(1) : 66～70．
[4] 陈洁,温宁,罗文造,等.海试引发深水油气综合地球物理采集的几点思考[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(1) :102～112． Chen J, Wen N, Luo W Z, et al. Several ideas on deep water oil and gas comprehensive geophysical data acquisition from marine experiments[J]. Progress in Geophys. (in Chinese),2009． 24(1) :102～112．
[5] 王西文,赵邦六,吕焕通,等.地震资料采集方式对地震处理的 影响研究[J].地球物理学进展,2010,25(3) :840～852． Wang X W, Zhao B l, Lu H T, et al. Study of seismic data processing method affected by method of acquisition [J]. Progress in Geophys. (in Chinese) ,2010,25(4) :8401～852．
[6] 芦俊,王赟,石瑛.关于VTI介质中多分量转换波地震数据采集的最佳接收时窗[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(1) :234～243． Lu Jun, Wang Y, Shi Y. The best receiving window for acquisition of multi-component converted seismic data in VTI media[J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2006, 49(1) : 234～243．
[7] 杨文采,刘光林,杨锴,等.中国大陆科学钻探孔区全观式三维地震采集[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(3) :735～744． Yang W C, Liu G L, Yang K, et al. All-laid-out threedimensional seismic survey at the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling site[J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2006, 49(3) : 735～744．
[8] 曹国滨,李云伟,崔汝国.垦71地区多波采集方法研究及应用效果[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(5) :1510～1516． Cao G B, Li Y W, Cui R G. The multi-wave seismic acquisition method and applied result in Ken 71 area [J]. Progress in Geophysics ( in Chinese), 2007, 22 ( 5 ) : 1510 ～ 1516．
[9] 蒋韬,符力耘,碗学检,等.基于波动方程的目标导向观测系统设计方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(2) :359～367． Jiang T, Fu L Y, Wan X J, et al. Target-oriented layout designing method based on wave equations[J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2008,23(2) : 359～367．
[10] Cordsen A,Peirce J W.陆上三维地震勘探的设计与施工[M].俞寿朋,等译.石油地球物理勘探局,1996． Cordsen A, Peirce J W. Design and construction for 3-D landseismic exploration [M]. Yu S P. Bureau of Geophysical Prospecting of CNPC, 1996．
[11] 王润秋,李兰兰,李会俭.塔里木地区勘探地震正演模拟研究[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(8) :1875～1882． Wang R Q, Li L L, Li H J. Forward modeling research for seismic exploration of Tarim area[J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2010,53(8) : 1875～1882．
[12] 秦广胜,蔡其新,汪功怀,等.基于叠前成像的三维地震观测系统设计[J].地球物理学进展,2010,25(1) :238～248． Qin G S, Cai Q X, Wang G H, et al. 3D seismic geometry design based on pre-staek imaging[J]. Progress in Geophys. (in Chinese) ,2010,25(1) 238～248．
[13] 周宝华,刘为北.气枪震源的发展与使用分析[J].物探装备,1998,8(2) :105,9． Zhou B H, Liu W B. The development and application of airgun source [J]. Eouipment for Geo Physical Prospecting,1998,8(2) : 105,9．
[14] 尹成,吕公河,田继东,等.三维观测系统属性分析与优化设计[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(5) :495． Yin C, L(u|¨) G H, Tian J D, et al. Attributes analysis and optimum design of 3-D geometry [ J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2005,40(5) :495．
[15] 尹成,吕公河,田继东,等.基于地球物理目标参数的三维观测系统优化设计[J].石油物探,2006,45(1) :74． Yin C, L(u|¨) G H, Tian J D, et al. The optimization of 3-D observation system based on geophysical objective parameters[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum, 2006,45 (1) : 74．
[16] 宋殿光,魏宝君.二维均匀介质中积分方程的快速精确算法[J].地球物理学进展,2010,25(2) :674～680． Song D G, Wei B J. A fast and accurate algorithm for integral equations in a 2D homogeneous medium [J]. Progress in Geophys. (in Chinese) ,2010,25(2) :674～680．
[17] 李萌.改进的一阶弹性波方程交错网格高阶差分解法[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(3) :1065～1068． Li M. Improvement to the staggered-grid high-order difference method of one-order elastic wave equation[J]. Progress in Geophys. (in Chinese), 2009,24(3) : 1065～1068．
[18] 皮红梅,蒋先艺,刘财,等.波动方程数值模拟的三种方法及对比[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(2) :391～397． Pi H M, Jiang X Y, Liu C, et al. Three methods of wave equation forward modeling and comparisons[J]. Progress in Geophys. (in Chinese) ,2009,24(2) :391～397．
[19] 张辉,王成祥,张剑锋.基于单程波方程的角度域照明分析[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(6) :1606～1614． Zhang H, Wang C X, Zhang J F. One-way wave equation based illumination analysis in angel domain[J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2009,52(6) : 1606～1614．
[20] 杨仁虎,常旭,刘伊克.基于非均匀各向同性介质的黏弹性波正演数值模拟[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(9) :2321～ 2327． Yang R H, Chang X, Liu Y K. Viscoelastic wave modeling in heterogeneous and isotropic media [ J ]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese) ,2009,52(9) :2321～2327．
[21] 陈生昌,王汉闯.基于平面波照明的偏移成像补偿[J].地球物理学报,2009,53(7) :1710～1715． Chen S C, Wang H C. Migration compensation with plane wave illumination[J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2010,53(7) : 1710～1715．
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