地球深部流体的状态及其在震源物理中的意义
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摘要
许多地震前兆的机理与地球深部流体相关.文章介绍了与此有关的地球深部流体状态的研究进展.通过间接的证据和从若干超深井钻孔探测得到的直接证据,着重介绍了深部水的数量、存在状态和性质,估计地球深部流体孔隙压力和连通性.研究表明,地球深部高温高压状态下的水处于超临界状态,超临界水具有许多特殊性质,这些特殊性质使得流体不仅成为强震前兆的传播媒介和震源破裂过程的影响因素,而且成为直接参与震源动力过程的介质.
The mechanism of many earthquake precursors is related to fluids deep inside the Earth.In this paper,recent studies on the status of fluids inside the earth are reviewed.The quantity,existence and quality of the water,pore pressure and interconnection characteristics are discussed with regard to indirect and direct evidence from explorations with super-deep drill holes.According to recent results,water under high temperature and pressure within the earth is in a super-critical state and has many special characteristics.As a result,the liquids not only become the propagation medium for strong earthquake precursors and the influential factor in the process of earthquake source rupture,but are also a medium that directly takes part in the dynamic quake process.
The mechanism of many earthquake precursors is related to fluids deep inside the Earth.In this paper,recent studies on the status of fluids inside the earth are reviewed.The quantity,existence and quality of the water,pore pressure and interconnection characteristics are discussed with regard to indirect and direct evidence from explorations with super-deep drill holes.According to recent results,water under high temperature and pressure within the earth is in a super-critical state and has many special characteristics.As a result,the liquids not only become the propagation medium for strong earthquake precursors and the influential factor in the process of earthquake source rupture,but are also a medium that directly takes part in the dynamic quake process.
引文
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[4]谢鸿森等.地球深部物质科学导论.北京:科学出版社,1997[Xie HSet al.Introduction of Science of Deep Mater in the Earth.Beijing:Science Press,1997(in Chinese)]
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[6]车用太,刘五洲,鱼金子.地震地质,1998,20:431[Che Y T,Liu W Z,Yu J Z.Seismology and Geology,1998,20:431(in Chinese)]
[7]Zoback MD,Zoback ML.State of Stress in the Earth’s Litho-sphere.In:Ed.Lee H Ket al,International Handbook of Earthquake and Engineering Seismology,Amsterdam:Academ-ic Press for International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth's Interior,2002,Vol.81A.559—568
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[9]Yasuhilo A,Takeshi F.The Review of High Pressure Science and Technology,1993,2(4):262
[10]谢锐生著,关德相等译.热力学原理.北京:人民教育出版社,1980[Xie Y S.Trans.Guan D X.Theory of Thermody-namics.Beijing:People Education Press,1980(in Chinese)]
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[12]单修政.国际地震动态,1986,5:14[Shan X Z.Recent De-velopments in World Seismology,1986,5:14(in Chinese)]
[13]嵇少丞.国外地质,1989,(2):8[Ji S C.Geology at A-broad.1989,(2):8(in Chinese)]
[14]Atkinson B K.Fracture Mechanics of Rock.London:Academ-ic Press,1987(中译本:B.K.Atkinson主编,尹祥础,修济刚等译.岩石断裂力学.北京:地震出版社,1992.595)
[15]Nur Aet al.Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,1972,62:1217
[16]Scholz C H.Science,1973,181:803
[17]Brace W F,Paulding B W,Scholz C.J.Geophys.Res.,1966,77:3939
[18]Zhao D P,Kanamori H,Negishi Het al.Science,1996,274:1891
[19]Anderson D L,Whitcomb J H.Proceedings of the Conference on Tectonic Problems of the San Andreas Faults System.Stan-ford University,1973.417
[20]Brune J N,Brown S,Johnson P.Tectonophysics,1993,218:59
[21]Wang C Y,Sundaram P M,Goodman R E.Pure Appl Geo-phys,1978,116:717
[22]郭增建,秦保燕.西北地震学报,1980,2(1):18[Guo Z J,Qin B Y.Northwestern Seismological Journal,1980,2(1):18(in Chinese)]
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[39]尹祥础.固体力学.北京:地震出版社,1985[Yin X C.Solid Mechanics.Beijing:Seismology Press,1985(in Chi-nese)]
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