基于吸收滤波技术的储层气水性质识别方法
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摘要
目前,人们主要从岩性、物性、电性、弹性阻抗等角度,对储层中气水的性质进行预测,然而成功率却并非很高.其实,从频率或能量响应的角度出发,或许能提高气水识别的成功率.由于频率是物质的固有属性,地震波经过含气或含水的储层后,在不同的频段将有不同的响应特征,但在原始地震剖面上却很不容易发现.利用基于ARMA模型时间序列分析方法和Prony信号分析理论的吸收滤波技术,结合测井、岩石物理、地质、地震等资料,分析含气储层和含水储层的不同吸收衰减特征和响应差异.由此可以实现气水性质的有效识别,最终达到直观、快捷的预测优质含气储层的目的.将该技术应用到气水裂缝理论模型的试算和川西坳陷深层须家河组气藏的含气性识别中,均获得了良好的应用效果.
At present, the methodologies of distinguishing gas and water in reservoirs are mostly by the difference of lighology, physical character, electric character, elastic impedance and or so, but usually the successful rate is really low. In fact, in the view of frequency or energy, the successful rate can increase perhaps. Because frequency is the inherent attribute of substance, and there are different responses at different frequencies when the seismic wave propagates in the gassy reservoir and water reservoir. However, it is difficult to find them from the original seismic data. Applying the absorption filtering technology which is based on the ARMA analysis method and Prony's signal analytical theory, and combine the information of well log, rock physics, geology, seismic and or so, we analyze the absorption characters of gas reservoir and water reservoir to discover the different responses of the gas reservoir and water reservoir. By this way, we can distinguish the gas and water in the reservoir, and achieve the aims to prospect the gas reservoir straightly and rapidly. By the technology, it has gotten the good result in test of model data and in practice of gassy detection on the Xujiahe Formation in the West Sichuan Depression.
At present, the methodologies of distinguishing gas and water in reservoirs are mostly by the difference of lighology, physical character, electric character, elastic impedance and or so, but usually the successful rate is really low. In fact, in the view of frequency or energy, the successful rate can increase perhaps. Because frequency is the inherent attribute of substance, and there are different responses at different frequencies when the seismic wave propagates in the gassy reservoir and water reservoir. However, it is difficult to find them from the original seismic data. Applying the absorption filtering technology which is based on the ARMA analysis method and Prony's signal analytical theory, and combine the information of well log, rock physics, geology, seismic and or so, we analyze the absorption characters of gas reservoir and water reservoir to discover the different responses of the gas reservoir and water reservoir. By this way, we can distinguish the gas and water in the reservoir, and achieve the aims to prospect the gas reservoir straightly and rapidly. By the technology, it has gotten the good result in test of model data and in practice of gassy detection on the Xujiahe Formation in the West Sichuan Depression.
引文
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[3] 伍志明,李亚林,巫芙蓉.多分量资料在碳酸盐岩裂缝性气藏气水识别中的应用研究[J].天然气工业,2004,24(1) :75-77． Wu Z M, Li Y N, Wu H R. Application and study of identification gas and water in carbonate fracture gas reservoir by multi-component data[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2004,24(1) :75-77．
[4] 彭真明,李亚林,梁波.叠前弹性阻抗在储层气水识别中的应用[J].天然气工业,2007,27(4) :43-45． Peng ZM, Li Y N, Liang B. Application of identification gas and water by pre-stack elastic impedance [J]. Natural Gas Industry, 27(4) : 43-45．
[5] 王铁强,贺仁睦,徐东杰.Prony算法分析低频振荡的有效性研究[J].中国电力,2001,34(11) :38-41． Wang T Q, Huo RK, Xu D J. The validity study of Prony Analysis for low-frequency oscillation in power system[J]. Electric Power, ,2001,34(11) :38-41．
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[8] 程冰洁,徐天吉.地震信号的多尺度频率与吸收属性[J].新疆石油地质,2008,29(3) :314-317． Cheng B J, Xu T J. Research on multi-scale frequency and absorption attributes of seismic signals [J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2008,29(3) :314-317．
[9] Xu T J, Gan Q G, Li X G. Research and application of absorptive attenuation filtering technology based on Prony transformation [A]. Xu Yixian, Xia Jianghai, Chen Chao. Geophysical Solutions for Environment and Engineering[C]. Beijing: Science Press USA Inc, 2006．
[10] 徐天吉,程冰洁.小波域地震信号的多尺度研究与应用[J],石油天然气学报,2007,29(5) :80-83． Xu T J, Cheng B J. Research and application of multi-scale seismic signal in the wavelet domain[J]. Journal of Oil and Gas Technology(J. JPI), 2007 ,29(5) : 80-83．
[11] 李显贵,徐天吉,甘其刚.新场气田须家河气藏含气性地震检测研究[J].石油物探,2006,45(2) :186-191． Li X G, Xu T J, Gan Q G. Study of gassy detection in XUjianhe formation of XinChang gas field[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum, 2006,45(2) : 186-191．
[12] 刘洪,袁江华,勾永峰,张向君,李幼铭.地震逆散射波场和算子的谱分解[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(1) :240-247． Liu H,Yuan J H,Gou Y F, Zhang X J, Li Y M. Spectral factorization of wavefield and operator in seismic inverse scattering[J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2007, 50(1) : 240-247．
[13] 郝重涛,姚陈.任意空间取向TI介质中体波速度特征[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(2) :546-555． Hao C T, Yao C. Analysis of body-wave velocity characteristic for TI medium with arbitrary spatial orientation [J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2007, 50(2) :546-555．
[14] 王大伟,刘震,陈小宏,伍向阳.利用时移地震资料划分油藏流体流动单元的可行性分析[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(2) :592-597． Wang D W,Liu Z,Chen X H,Wu X Y. Feasibility analysis on division of flow units using time-lapse seismic data[J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese) , 2007, 50(2) :592-597．
[15] 陈文超.高静怀.基于改进的最佳匹配地震子波的地震资料衰减特性分析[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(3) :837-843． CHEN Wen-Chao, GAO Jing-Huai. Characteristic analysis of seismic attenuation using MBMSW wavelets[J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese) , 2007, 50(3) :837-843．
[16] 刘财,郭智奇,杨宝俊,王晓欢,冯暄.黏弹各向异性介质中波的反射与透射问题分析[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(4) :1216-1224． Liu C, Guo Z Q, Yang B J, Wang X H, Feng X. Analysis of reflection and transmission problems of waves in viscoelastic anisotropic media[J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese),2007, 50(4) :1216-1224．
[17] 高静怀,杨森林,王大兴.利用VSP资料直达波的包络峰值处瞬时频率提取介质品质因子[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(3) :853-861． Gao J H, Yang S L, Wang D X. Quality factor extraction using instantaneous frequency at envelope peak of direct waves of VSP dala[J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2008, 51(3) :853-861．
[18] 张福明,查明,邵才瑞,印兴耀.天然气的测井勘探与评价技术[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(1) :179-185． Zhang F M, Zhang M, Shao C R, Yin X Y. Technology of natural gas exploration and evaluation based on well-logging data[J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2007,22(1) :179-185．
[19] 路鹏飞,杨长春,郭爱华.频谱成像技术研究进展[J].地球物理学进展.2007,22(5) :1517-1521． Lu P F, Yang C C, Guo A H. The present research on frequency-spectrum imaging technique [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2007 ,22(5) :1517-1521．
[20] 高霞,谢庆宾.储层裂缝识别与评价方法新进展[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(5) :1460-1465． Gao X, Xie Q B. Advances in identification and evaluation of fracture[J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2007,22(5) :1460-1465．
[21] 程冰洁,李小凡,徐天吉.含流体裂缝介质中地震波场数值模拟[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(5) :1370-1374． Cheng B J, Li X F, Xu T J. Numerical modeling of the seismic wave-field in cracked media with liquid[J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2007,22(5) :1370-1374．
[2] 李瑞,向运川,杨光惠.孔隙结构指数在鄂尔多斯中部气田气水识别中的应用[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2004,31(6) :689-693． Li R, Xiang Y C, Yang G H. Applications of porous structure exponent to recognizing gas and water in middle gas field of Ordos Basin, China [J]. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science & Technology Edition) ,2004,31(6) :689-693．
[3] 伍志明,李亚林,巫芙蓉.多分量资料在碳酸盐岩裂缝性气藏气水识别中的应用研究[J].天然气工业,2004,24(1) :75-77． Wu Z M, Li Y N, Wu H R. Application and study of identification gas and water in carbonate fracture gas reservoir by multi-component data[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2004,24(1) :75-77．
[4] 彭真明,李亚林,梁波.叠前弹性阻抗在储层气水识别中的应用[J].天然气工业,2007,27(4) :43-45． Peng ZM, Li Y N, Liang B. Application of identification gas and water by pre-stack elastic impedance [J]. Natural Gas Industry, 27(4) : 43-45．
[5] 王铁强,贺仁睦,徐东杰.Prony算法分析低频振荡的有效性研究[J].中国电力,2001,34(11) :38-41． Wang T Q, Huo RK, Xu D J. The validity study of Prony Analysis for low-frequency oscillation in power system[J]. Electric Power, ,2001,34(11) :38-41．
[6] Marple S L. Digital Spectral Analysis with applications [J]. Prentice-Hall, Inc. , Englewood Cliffs, N.J.1987．
[7] 张贤达.现代信号处理[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1995． Zhang X D. Modern signal processing[M]. Beijing:QinHua publishing company, 1995．
[8] 程冰洁,徐天吉.地震信号的多尺度频率与吸收属性[J].新疆石油地质,2008,29(3) :314-317． Cheng B J, Xu T J. Research on multi-scale frequency and absorption attributes of seismic signals [J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2008,29(3) :314-317．
[9] Xu T J, Gan Q G, Li X G. Research and application of absorptive attenuation filtering technology based on Prony transformation [A]. Xu Yixian, Xia Jianghai, Chen Chao. Geophysical Solutions for Environment and Engineering[C]. Beijing: Science Press USA Inc, 2006．
[10] 徐天吉,程冰洁.小波域地震信号的多尺度研究与应用[J],石油天然气学报,2007,29(5) :80-83． Xu T J, Cheng B J. Research and application of multi-scale seismic signal in the wavelet domain[J]. Journal of Oil and Gas Technology(J. JPI), 2007 ,29(5) : 80-83．
[11] 李显贵,徐天吉,甘其刚.新场气田须家河气藏含气性地震检测研究[J].石油物探,2006,45(2) :186-191． Li X G, Xu T J, Gan Q G. Study of gassy detection in XUjianhe formation of XinChang gas field[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum, 2006,45(2) : 186-191．
[12] 刘洪,袁江华,勾永峰,张向君,李幼铭.地震逆散射波场和算子的谱分解[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(1) :240-247． Liu H,Yuan J H,Gou Y F, Zhang X J, Li Y M. Spectral factorization of wavefield and operator in seismic inverse scattering[J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2007, 50(1) : 240-247．
[13] 郝重涛,姚陈.任意空间取向TI介质中体波速度特征[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(2) :546-555． Hao C T, Yao C. Analysis of body-wave velocity characteristic for TI medium with arbitrary spatial orientation [J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2007, 50(2) :546-555．
[14] 王大伟,刘震,陈小宏,伍向阳.利用时移地震资料划分油藏流体流动单元的可行性分析[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(2) :592-597． Wang D W,Liu Z,Chen X H,Wu X Y. Feasibility analysis on division of flow units using time-lapse seismic data[J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese) , 2007, 50(2) :592-597．
[15] 陈文超.高静怀.基于改进的最佳匹配地震子波的地震资料衰减特性分析[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(3) :837-843． CHEN Wen-Chao, GAO Jing-Huai. Characteristic analysis of seismic attenuation using MBMSW wavelets[J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese) , 2007, 50(3) :837-843．
[16] 刘财,郭智奇,杨宝俊,王晓欢,冯暄.黏弹各向异性介质中波的反射与透射问题分析[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(4) :1216-1224． Liu C, Guo Z Q, Yang B J, Wang X H, Feng X. Analysis of reflection and transmission problems of waves in viscoelastic anisotropic media[J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese),2007, 50(4) :1216-1224．
[17] 高静怀,杨森林,王大兴.利用VSP资料直达波的包络峰值处瞬时频率提取介质品质因子[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(3) :853-861． Gao J H, Yang S L, Wang D X. Quality factor extraction using instantaneous frequency at envelope peak of direct waves of VSP dala[J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2008, 51(3) :853-861．
[18] 张福明,查明,邵才瑞,印兴耀.天然气的测井勘探与评价技术[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(1) :179-185． Zhang F M, Zhang M, Shao C R, Yin X Y. Technology of natural gas exploration and evaluation based on well-logging data[J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2007,22(1) :179-185．
[19] 路鹏飞,杨长春,郭爱华.频谱成像技术研究进展[J].地球物理学进展.2007,22(5) :1517-1521． Lu P F, Yang C C, Guo A H. The present research on frequency-spectrum imaging technique [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2007 ,22(5) :1517-1521．
[20] 高霞,谢庆宾.储层裂缝识别与评价方法新进展[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(5) :1460-1465． Gao X, Xie Q B. Advances in identification and evaluation of fracture[J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2007,22(5) :1460-1465．
[21] 程冰洁,李小凡,徐天吉.含流体裂缝介质中地震波场数值模拟[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(5) :1370-1374． Cheng B J, Li X F, Xu T J. Numerical modeling of the seismic wave-field in cracked media with liquid[J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2007,22(5) :1370-1374．
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