浅水域检波点自动重定位技术
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摘要
在传统检波器二次定位方法的基础上,本文提出了浅水域检波点自动重定位技术。从几何声学角度,建立检波点定位的三维数学模型,既考虑了直达波,又兼顾了折射波;文中对模型中的几个主要参数进行了详细分析,评估了各参数对最终计算结果的影响;探讨了适合浅水域地震数据的初至自动拾取方法,改进了能量比法,并设计了详细的自动重定位算法流程;针对地震采集对定位的高精度和实时性需求,提出了相应的关键技术解决方案和措施。实际资料测试结果表明:该算法定位精度高、过程自动化,主要性能指标均高于常规定位技术。
Based on the secondary positioning method for the traditional geophone,the automatic repositioning technique for shallow water receiver points was proposed in this paper.From the view of geometric acoustics,3D math model for geophone positioning was established,which not only considered the direct wave,but took into account the refraction as well.Several main parameters in the model were analyzed in this paper and the impact of each parameter to the final result was estimated.The automatic first break picking up method which fits the seismic data in the shallow water area was discussed and energy ratio method was improved and then detailed automatic repositioning algorithm flowchart was designed.Regarding the real time requirement for the high accuracy and positioning which the seismic acquisition faces,the corresponding key technical solution plan and measures were finally proposed.The testing results for the field data show that the positioning accuracy of the technique is high and the application process of the technique is automatic.Its main performance specifications are superior than other routine techniques.
Based on the secondary positioning method for the traditional geophone,the automatic repositioning technique for shallow water receiver points was proposed in this paper.From the view of geometric acoustics,3D math model for geophone positioning was established,which not only considered the direct wave,but took into account the refraction as well.Several main parameters in the model were analyzed in this paper and the impact of each parameter to the final result was estimated.The automatic first break picking up method which fits the seismic data in the shallow water area was discussed and energy ratio method was improved and then detailed automatic repositioning algorithm flowchart was designed.Regarding the real time requirement for the high accuracy and positioning which the seismic acquisition faces,the corresponding key technical solution plan and measures were finally proposed.The testing results for the field data show that the positioning accuracy of the technique is high and the application process of the technique is automatic.Its main performance specifications are superior than other routine techniques.
引文
[1]杨京涛,朱伟强,秦豹.海上二次定位技术的研究与应用.石油物探,2002,41(增刊):67~69Yang Jing-tao,Zhu Wei-qiang,Qin Bao.Applicationresearch on geophone re-location technology in thesea geophysical prospecting.Geophysical Prospec-ting for Petroleum,2002,41(Sup):67~69
[2]韩立强,常稳.海底电缆初至波二次定位技术的应用.石油物探,2003,42(4):501~504,512Han Li-qiang,Chang Wen.Application of first breaksecond positioning technique in OBC.GeophysicalProspecting for Petroleum,2003,42(4):501~504,512
[3]姜瑞林.海底电缆地震采集系统——初至波二次定位成果的质量评价.石油地球物理勘探,1999,34(6):670~674,689Jiang Rui-lin.Seismic data acquisition system usingocean bottom cable:quality evaluation of first-breaksecondary positioning result.OGP,1999,34(6):670~674,689
[4]曾湘轶,杨文艳.浅析海底电缆地震采集作业二次定位系统.石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(20):220~226Zeng Xiang-yi,Yang Wen-yan.Brief analysis of sec-ondary positioning system in seismic sea-bottom cableacquisition.OGP,2001,36(20):220~226
[5]杨正华,常军.海底电缆地震中二次定位法的探讨.石油物探,2002,41(3):330~333Yang Zheng-hua,Chang Jun.Discussion on seconda-ry positioning in OBC survey.Geophysical Prospec-ting for Petroleum,2002,41(3):330~333
[6]张振宇.折射波法检波器二次定位.西南石油学院学报,2005,27(2):22~24Zhang Zhen-yu.The receiver secondary location usingrefraction wave method.Journal of Southwest Pe-troleum Institute,2005,27(2):22~24
[7]倪成洲,全海燕,陈刚等.一种高精度初至波二次定位新方法——搜索法.石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(2):131~133,157Ni Cheng-zhou,Quan Hai-yan,Chen Gang et al.Thesearch method:A new high-precision secondary loca-tion based on first break.OGP,2008,43(2):131~133,157
[8]易昌华,方守川,秦学彬.OBC二次定位系统定位算法研究.物探装备,2008,18(6):351~353,366Yi Chang-hua,Fang Shou-chuan,Qin Xue-bin.Studyon positioning algorithm of OBC secondary positio-ning system.Equipment for Geophysical Prospec-ting,2008,18(6):351~353,366
[9]王成礼,宋玉龙,付强等.检波器二次剩余定位方法与效果.石油物探,2007,46(5):505~508Wang Cheng-li,Song Yu-long,Fu Qiang et al.Meth-od and effect of secondary residual orientation for ge-ophone.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2007,46(5):505~508
[10]徐维秀,段卫星,刘治红等.提高初至波二次定位精度技术的探讨.石油物探,2009,48(3):239~243Xu Wei-xiu,Duan Wei-xing,Liu Zhi-hong et al.Dis-cussion on the technology for improving the accuracyof secondary positioning with first break.Geophysi-cal Prospecting for Petroleum,2009,48(3):239~243
[11]易昌华,任文静,王钗.二次水声定位系统误差分析.石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(2):136~139Yi Chang-hua,Ren Wen-jing,Wang Cha.Second po-sitioning system errors analysis.OGP,2009,44(2):136~139
[12]宁静,刘志田,吴学兵等.海底水听器的低频声纳-初至波联合定位方法研究.石油仪器,2005,19(1):39~42Ning Jing,Liu Zhi-tian,Wu Xue-bing et al.Low fre-quency sonar&first break co-positioning method forhydrophone second positioning.Petroleum Instru-ments,2005,19(1):39~42
[13]吴学兵,刘志田,宁静.海洋石油勘探水听器二次定位新方法研究.中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2006,20(5):23~26Wu Xue-bing,Liu Zhi-tian,Ning Jing.A novel meth-od study of hydrophone second positioning foroil ex-ploration of ocean bottom.Journal of China Univer-sity of Petroeum(edition of natural science),2006,20(5):23~26
[14]左国平,王彦春,隋荣亮.利用能量比法拾取地震初至的一种改进方法.石油物探,2004,43(4):345~347Zuo Guo-ping,Wang Yan-chun,Sui Rong-liang.Animproved method for first arrival pickup using energyratio.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2004,43(4):345~347
[15]潘树林,高磊,周熙襄等.基于单道边界检测和样条插值的初至波自动拾取.石油物探,2006,45(3):245~249Pan Shu-lin,Gao Lei,Zhou Xi-xiang et al.Automaticmethod of first break picking based on edge detectionand spline interpolation.Geophysical Prospectingfor Petroleum,2006,45(3):245~249
[16]刘志成.初至智能拾取技术.石油物探,2007,46(5):521~530Liu Zhi-cheng.First break intelligent picking tech-nique.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2007,46(5):521~530
[2]韩立强,常稳.海底电缆初至波二次定位技术的应用.石油物探,2003,42(4):501~504,512Han Li-qiang,Chang Wen.Application of first breaksecond positioning technique in OBC.GeophysicalProspecting for Petroleum,2003,42(4):501~504,512
[3]姜瑞林.海底电缆地震采集系统——初至波二次定位成果的质量评价.石油地球物理勘探,1999,34(6):670~674,689Jiang Rui-lin.Seismic data acquisition system usingocean bottom cable:quality evaluation of first-breaksecondary positioning result.OGP,1999,34(6):670~674,689
[4]曾湘轶,杨文艳.浅析海底电缆地震采集作业二次定位系统.石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(20):220~226Zeng Xiang-yi,Yang Wen-yan.Brief analysis of sec-ondary positioning system in seismic sea-bottom cableacquisition.OGP,2001,36(20):220~226
[5]杨正华,常军.海底电缆地震中二次定位法的探讨.石油物探,2002,41(3):330~333Yang Zheng-hua,Chang Jun.Discussion on seconda-ry positioning in OBC survey.Geophysical Prospec-ting for Petroleum,2002,41(3):330~333
[6]张振宇.折射波法检波器二次定位.西南石油学院学报,2005,27(2):22~24Zhang Zhen-yu.The receiver secondary location usingrefraction wave method.Journal of Southwest Pe-troleum Institute,2005,27(2):22~24
[7]倪成洲,全海燕,陈刚等.一种高精度初至波二次定位新方法——搜索法.石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(2):131~133,157Ni Cheng-zhou,Quan Hai-yan,Chen Gang et al.Thesearch method:A new high-precision secondary loca-tion based on first break.OGP,2008,43(2):131~133,157
[8]易昌华,方守川,秦学彬.OBC二次定位系统定位算法研究.物探装备,2008,18(6):351~353,366Yi Chang-hua,Fang Shou-chuan,Qin Xue-bin.Studyon positioning algorithm of OBC secondary positio-ning system.Equipment for Geophysical Prospec-ting,2008,18(6):351~353,366
[9]王成礼,宋玉龙,付强等.检波器二次剩余定位方法与效果.石油物探,2007,46(5):505~508Wang Cheng-li,Song Yu-long,Fu Qiang et al.Meth-od and effect of secondary residual orientation for ge-ophone.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2007,46(5):505~508
[10]徐维秀,段卫星,刘治红等.提高初至波二次定位精度技术的探讨.石油物探,2009,48(3):239~243Xu Wei-xiu,Duan Wei-xing,Liu Zhi-hong et al.Dis-cussion on the technology for improving the accuracyof secondary positioning with first break.Geophysi-cal Prospecting for Petroleum,2009,48(3):239~243
[11]易昌华,任文静,王钗.二次水声定位系统误差分析.石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(2):136~139Yi Chang-hua,Ren Wen-jing,Wang Cha.Second po-sitioning system errors analysis.OGP,2009,44(2):136~139
[12]宁静,刘志田,吴学兵等.海底水听器的低频声纳-初至波联合定位方法研究.石油仪器,2005,19(1):39~42Ning Jing,Liu Zhi-tian,Wu Xue-bing et al.Low fre-quency sonar&first break co-positioning method forhydrophone second positioning.Petroleum Instru-ments,2005,19(1):39~42
[13]吴学兵,刘志田,宁静.海洋石油勘探水听器二次定位新方法研究.中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2006,20(5):23~26Wu Xue-bing,Liu Zhi-tian,Ning Jing.A novel meth-od study of hydrophone second positioning foroil ex-ploration of ocean bottom.Journal of China Univer-sity of Petroeum(edition of natural science),2006,20(5):23~26
[14]左国平,王彦春,隋荣亮.利用能量比法拾取地震初至的一种改进方法.石油物探,2004,43(4):345~347Zuo Guo-ping,Wang Yan-chun,Sui Rong-liang.Animproved method for first arrival pickup using energyratio.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2004,43(4):345~347
[15]潘树林,高磊,周熙襄等.基于单道边界检测和样条插值的初至波自动拾取.石油物探,2006,45(3):245~249Pan Shu-lin,Gao Lei,Zhou Xi-xiang et al.Automaticmethod of first break picking based on edge detectionand spline interpolation.Geophysical Prospectingfor Petroleum,2006,45(3):245~249
[16]刘志成.初至智能拾取技术.石油物探,2007,46(5):521~530Liu Zhi-cheng.First break intelligent picking tech-nique.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2007,46(5):521~530
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