深水朵体沉积构型及其油气勘探意义
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摘要
基于地震、测井、岩心及露头等资料,研究了深水朵体的外部形态、内部结构、物理性质及成因。取得3个方面的认识:①深水朵体受陆坡地形及物源供给的影响,发育单一朵体和多级朵体。受沉积厚度、岩性及地震分辨率的影响,孟加拉湾和尼日尔三角洲发育的朵体在地震上呈强振幅丘状反射,内部见分支水道或底超现象;白云凹陷发育的朵体在地震上呈强振幅平行亚平行反射。②深水朵体可划分为小层和层组、朵体单元、朵体以及朵体复合体4个级次。③深水朵体可进一步划分为近端朵体和远端朵体,近端朵体由分支水道复合席状砂组成,叠置的朵体单元构成的远端朵体主要由层状席状砂组成。
Based on seismic data,drilling,logging and outcrop,the sedimentary architectures of the submarine lobes are discussed and three conclusions have been made: ①Due to the differences in gravity flow supply and continental slope topography,single lobe and multiple-level lobe were formed.Submarine lobes in bay of Bengalare and Niger delta are characterized by high amplitude,mound configuration,lobes in Baiyun sag show high amplitude,parallel and sub-parallel seismic reflection characters;②Submarine lobe depositional elements are identified at four scales: bed or bed sets,lobe element,lobe,and lobe complex;③Submarine lobe can be divided into proximal lobe and distal lobe.The proximal lobe is formed by amalgamate sheet sandstones within distributary channels,and the distal lobe consisting of overlay lobe elements is mainly composed of layered sheet sandstones.
Based on seismic data,drilling,logging and outcrop,the sedimentary architectures of the submarine lobes are discussed and three conclusions have been made: ①Due to the differences in gravity flow supply and continental slope topography,single lobe and multiple-level lobe were formed.Submarine lobes in bay of Bengalare and Niger delta are characterized by high amplitude,mound configuration,lobes in Baiyun sag show high amplitude,parallel and sub-parallel seismic reflection characters;②Submarine lobe depositional elements are identified at four scales: bed or bed sets,lobe element,lobe,and lobe complex;③Submarine lobe can be divided into proximal lobe and distal lobe.The proximal lobe is formed by amalgamate sheet sandstones within distributary channels,and the distal lobe consisting of overlay lobe elements is mainly composed of layered sheet sandstones.
引文
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[15]MACDONALD H A,PEAKALL J,WIGNALL P B,et al.Sedimentation in deep-sealobe-elements:Implications for the ori-gin of thickening-upward sequences[J].Journal of the Geological Society,2011,168:319-331.
[16]GROENENBERG R M,HODGSON D M,PRELAT A,et al.Flow-deposit interaction in submarine lobes:Insights fromoutcrop observations and realizations of aprocess-based numerical model[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2010,80:252-267.
[2]MACHADO L C R,KOWSMANN,R O,ALMEIDA J,et al.Geometry of the proximal part of the modern turbidite deposi-tional system of the Carapebus formation,Campos basin:A model for reservoir heterogeneities[J].Boletin de GeocienciasPetrobras,2004,12:287-315.
[3]GERVAIS A,SAVOYE B,MULDER T,et al.Sandy modern turbidite lobes:A new insight from high resolution seismic da-ta[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2006,23:485-502.
[4]DEPTUCK M E,PIPER D J W,SAVOYE B,et al.Dimensions and architecture of late Pleistocene submarine lobes off thenorthern margin of East Corsica[J].Sedimentology,2008,55:869-898.
[5]PRELAT A,HODGSON D M,FLINT S S.Evolution,architecture and hierarchy of distributary deep-water deposits:Ahigh-resolution outcrop investigation from the Permian Karoo Basin,South Africa[J].Sedimentology,2009,56:2132-2154.
[6]BOURGET J,ZARAGOSI S,MULDER T,et al.Hyperpycnal-fed turbidite lobe architecture and recent sedimentary proces-ses:A case study from the Al Bathaturbidite system,Oman margin[J].Sedimentary Geology,2010,229:144-159.
[7]GALLOWAY W E.Siliciclastic slope and base-of-slope depositional systems:Component facies,stratigraphic architecture,and classification[J].AAPG Bulletin,1998,82(4):569-595.
[8]POSAMENTIER H W,WALKER R G.Deep-water turbidites and submarine fans,in Posamentier HW,and Walker RG,eds,Facies Models Revisited[M].Darlington:SEPM,Special Publication,2006,84:397-520.
[9]JEGOU I,SAVOYE B,PIRMEZ C,et al.Channel-mouth lobe complex of the recent Amazon Fan:The missing piece[J].Ma-rine Geology,2008,252:62-77.
[10]TWICHELL D C,SCHWAB W C,NELSON C H,et al.Characteristics of asandy depositional lobe in the outer Mississippifan from SeaMARCIA sidescan sonar images[J].Geology,1992,20:689-692.
[11]PIPER D J W,HISCOTT R N,NORMARK W R.Outcrop-scale acoustic facies analysis and latest Quaternary developmentof Hueneme and Dume submarine fans,offshore California[J].Sedimentology,1999,46:47-78.
[12]BOUROULLEC R,TARI G.Petroleum traps in deepwater settings[M]//St.Louis:Society of Exploration Geophysicistsand European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers,2004:419-456.
[13]李磊,王英民,张莲美,等.南海北部白云深水区水道-朵体沉积序列及演化[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2009,29(4):71-76.LI Lei,WANG Yingmin,ZHANG Lianmei,et al.Sedimentary sequence and evolution of submarine channel-lobe in Baiyundeepwater area,Northern South ChinaSea[J].Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology,2009,29(4):71-76.
[14]李磊,王英民,张莲美,等.尼日尔三角洲下陆坡限定性重力流沉积过程及响应[J].中国科学D辑:地球科学,2010,40(11):1591-1597.LI Lei,WANG Yingmin,ZHANG Lianmei,et al.Confined gravity flow sedimentary processes and its impact on the lowercontinental slope,Niger Delta[J].Science in ChinaSeries D:Earth Sciences,2010,40(11):1591-1597.
[15]MACDONALD H A,PEAKALL J,WIGNALL P B,et al.Sedimentation in deep-sealobe-elements:Implications for the ori-gin of thickening-upward sequences[J].Journal of the Geological Society,2011,168:319-331.
[16]GROENENBERG R M,HODGSON D M,PRELAT A,et al.Flow-deposit interaction in submarine lobes:Insights fromoutcrop observations and realizations of aprocess-based numerical model[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2010,80:252-267.
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