检波器与灰岩地表耦合效应的理论和试验研究
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摘要
检波器与灰岩地表的耦合问题是影响中国南方海相灰岩裸露区地震资料品质的重要因素之一。本文利用多自由度振动系统理论模型,分析了检波器—灰岩地表耦合系统的响应特征,并结合检波器耦合试验资料,对比了不同耦合模式的耦合效果,探讨了检波器—灰岩耦合机制。研究结果表明,将检波器尾锥插入灰岩地表构成双自由度耦合振动系统,在保证两者紧密接触时对应的耦合谐振频率较高,对地震资料品质影响很小,但施工难度较大;利用表土等耦合介质将检波器埋置在灰岩地表构成的三自由度耦合振动系统,提高了施工效率,但需选择合适的耦合介质、减小耦合介质的高度及其与灰岩的接触面积,以减小耦合谐振的影响,进而提高地震资料品质。
The geophone-limestone coupling problem is one of the important factors which influence quality of seismic data in marine carbonate outcrops area of South China.In this paper,using multi-freedom degree vibration system theoretical model,we analyze the response characters of geophone-limestone coupling system.Then combining the theoretical results with field test results,we compare seismic data collected from different geophone coupling modes and discuss the geophone-limestone coupling mechanism.The results show that it is "two degrees of freedom coupling vibration system" to make geophone spike insert into limestone ground.And the resonance frequency is very high and coupling system's influence is very little when making geophone spike insert into limestone ground tightly.But seismic acquisition efficiency is low using this geophone coupling mode.The results also show that it is "three degrees of freedom coupling vibration system" to bury geophone on the limestone ground using coupling mediums such as surface soil.And the seismic acquisition efficiency is high using this geophone coupling mode.However,when using the latter geophone coupling mode,we need to select proper coupling medium and reduce contact acreage between coupling medium and limestone ground and coupling medium's height in order to weaken the coupling resonance.
The geophone-limestone coupling problem is one of the important factors which influence quality of seismic data in marine carbonate outcrops area of South China.In this paper,using multi-freedom degree vibration system theoretical model,we analyze the response characters of geophone-limestone coupling system.Then combining the theoretical results with field test results,we compare seismic data collected from different geophone coupling modes and discuss the geophone-limestone coupling mechanism.The results show that it is "two degrees of freedom coupling vibration system" to make geophone spike insert into limestone ground.And the resonance frequency is very high and coupling system's influence is very little when making geophone spike insert into limestone ground tightly.But seismic acquisition efficiency is low using this geophone coupling mode.The results also show that it is "three degrees of freedom coupling vibration system" to bury geophone on the limestone ground using coupling mediums such as surface soil.And the seismic acquisition efficiency is high using this geophone coupling mode.However,when using the latter geophone coupling mode,we need to select proper coupling medium and reduce contact acreage between coupling medium and limestone ground and coupling medium's height in order to weaken the coupling resonance.
引文
[1]马立桥,董庸,屠小龙等.中国南方海相油气勘探前景.石油学报,2007,28(3):1~7Ma Li-qiao,Dong Yong,Tu Xiao-long et al.Petrole-um prospect of marine sequences in South China.Ac-ta Petrolem Sinaca,2007,28(3):1~7
[2]Tan T H.Reciprocity theorem applied to the geophone-ground coupling problem.Geophysics,1987,52(12):1715~1717
[3]Vos J,Cremers B B,Drijkoningen G G et al.A theo-retical and experimental approach to the geophone-ground coupling problem based on acoustic reciproci-ty.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1995,14:1003~1006
[4]Vos J,Drijkoningen G G and Fokkema J T.Sensor cou-pling in acoustic media using reciprocity.Journal ofthe Acoustic Society of America,1999,105(4):2252~2260
[5]Redemakers F,Drijkoningen G G and Fokkema J T.Geophone ground coupling:new elastic approach.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1996,15:1083~1086
[6]Drijkoningen G G.The usefulness of geophone ground-coupling experiments to seismic data.Geophysics,2000,65(6):1780~1787
[7]Drijkoningen G G,Redemakers F,Slob E C et al.Anew elastic model for ground coupling of geophoneswith spikes.Geophysics,2006,71(2):Q9~Q17
[8]徐锦玺,吕公河,谭绍泉等.检波器尾锥结构对地震采集信号的影响.石油地球物理勘探,1999,34(2):204~209Xu Jin-xi,LüGong-he,Tan Shao-quan et al.The in-fluence of geophone tailcone structure upon acquiredseismic signals.OGP,1999,34(2):204~209
[9]Krohn C E.Geophone ground coupling.Geophysics,1984,49(6):722~731
[10]Krohn C E.Geophone ground coupling.The LeadingEage,1985,4(4):56~60
[11]董世学,韩立国,王建民等.检波器—地表耦合系统对地震记录的影响.地球物理学报,2001,44(增刊):161~169Dong Shi-xue,Han Li-guo,Wang Jian-min et al.Influenceof coupling system of geophone-ground on seismic re-cords.Chinese J Geophys,2001,44(sup):161~169
[12]徐淑合,刘怀山,童思友等.准噶尔盆地沙漠区地震检波器耦合研究.青岛海洋大学学报,2003,33(5):783~790Xu Shu-he,Liu Huai-shan,Tong Si-you et al.Studyon seismic geophone coupling in desert area of Zhun-ger Basin.Journal of Ocean University of Qingdao,2003,33(5):783~790
[13]吕公河.地震勘探激发接收机理及其应用研究[D].西安:西安交通大学,2006LüGong-he.The application study on the mechanismof seismic exploding and receiving[D].Xi’an:Xi’anJiao Tong University,2006
[14]刘志田,吴学兵,王文争等.地震勘探采集中尾锥因素对检波器耦合系统的影响.中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2006,30(3):26~29Liu Zhi-tian,Wu Xue-bing,Wang Wen-zheng et al.Effects of tail-cone on geophone coupling system dur-ing seismic exploration.Journal of China Universityof Petroleum,2006,30(3):26~29
[15]张凤蛟,韩立国,董世学.检波器尾锥与地表耦合阻尼研究.吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2006,36(专辑):96~100Zhang Feng-jiao,Han Li-guo,Dong Shi-xue.The re-search of the damping between the geophone spikeand ground.Journal of Jilin University(Earth Sci-ence Edition),2006,36(Sup):96~100
[16]石战结,田钢,沈洪垒等.灰岩裸露区检波器三自由度耦合系统理论的研究.地球物理学报,2010,53(5):1234~1246Shi Zhang-jie,Tian Gang,Shen Hong-lei et al.Theo-retical studies of the geophone coupling influence inthe limestone outcrops area.Chinese J Geophys,2010,53(5):1234~1246
[17]谢官模.振动力学.北京:国防工业出版社,2007
[18]Lysmer J and Richart F E.Dynamic Response of foot-ings to vertical loading.Journal of the Soil Mechanicsand Foundations Division,1966,2(1):65~91
[2]Tan T H.Reciprocity theorem applied to the geophone-ground coupling problem.Geophysics,1987,52(12):1715~1717
[3]Vos J,Cremers B B,Drijkoningen G G et al.A theo-retical and experimental approach to the geophone-ground coupling problem based on acoustic reciproci-ty.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1995,14:1003~1006
[4]Vos J,Drijkoningen G G and Fokkema J T.Sensor cou-pling in acoustic media using reciprocity.Journal ofthe Acoustic Society of America,1999,105(4):2252~2260
[5]Redemakers F,Drijkoningen G G and Fokkema J T.Geophone ground coupling:new elastic approach.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1996,15:1083~1086
[6]Drijkoningen G G.The usefulness of geophone ground-coupling experiments to seismic data.Geophysics,2000,65(6):1780~1787
[7]Drijkoningen G G,Redemakers F,Slob E C et al.Anew elastic model for ground coupling of geophoneswith spikes.Geophysics,2006,71(2):Q9~Q17
[8]徐锦玺,吕公河,谭绍泉等.检波器尾锥结构对地震采集信号的影响.石油地球物理勘探,1999,34(2):204~209Xu Jin-xi,LüGong-he,Tan Shao-quan et al.The in-fluence of geophone tailcone structure upon acquiredseismic signals.OGP,1999,34(2):204~209
[9]Krohn C E.Geophone ground coupling.Geophysics,1984,49(6):722~731
[10]Krohn C E.Geophone ground coupling.The LeadingEage,1985,4(4):56~60
[11]董世学,韩立国,王建民等.检波器—地表耦合系统对地震记录的影响.地球物理学报,2001,44(增刊):161~169Dong Shi-xue,Han Li-guo,Wang Jian-min et al.Influenceof coupling system of geophone-ground on seismic re-cords.Chinese J Geophys,2001,44(sup):161~169
[12]徐淑合,刘怀山,童思友等.准噶尔盆地沙漠区地震检波器耦合研究.青岛海洋大学学报,2003,33(5):783~790Xu Shu-he,Liu Huai-shan,Tong Si-you et al.Studyon seismic geophone coupling in desert area of Zhun-ger Basin.Journal of Ocean University of Qingdao,2003,33(5):783~790
[13]吕公河.地震勘探激发接收机理及其应用研究[D].西安:西安交通大学,2006LüGong-he.The application study on the mechanismof seismic exploding and receiving[D].Xi’an:Xi’anJiao Tong University,2006
[14]刘志田,吴学兵,王文争等.地震勘探采集中尾锥因素对检波器耦合系统的影响.中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2006,30(3):26~29Liu Zhi-tian,Wu Xue-bing,Wang Wen-zheng et al.Effects of tail-cone on geophone coupling system dur-ing seismic exploration.Journal of China Universityof Petroleum,2006,30(3):26~29
[15]张凤蛟,韩立国,董世学.检波器尾锥与地表耦合阻尼研究.吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2006,36(专辑):96~100Zhang Feng-jiao,Han Li-guo,Dong Shi-xue.The re-search of the damping between the geophone spikeand ground.Journal of Jilin University(Earth Sci-ence Edition),2006,36(Sup):96~100
[16]石战结,田钢,沈洪垒等.灰岩裸露区检波器三自由度耦合系统理论的研究.地球物理学报,2010,53(5):1234~1246Shi Zhang-jie,Tian Gang,Shen Hong-lei et al.Theo-retical studies of the geophone coupling influence inthe limestone outcrops area.Chinese J Geophys,2010,53(5):1234~1246
[17]谢官模.振动力学.北京:国防工业出版社,2007
[18]Lysmer J and Richart F E.Dynamic Response of foot-ings to vertical loading.Journal of the Soil Mechanicsand Foundations Division,1966,2(1):65~91
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