声学在石油测井和地球物理勘探中应用的研究新进展
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摘要
以机-电类比的方法建立了声源换能器和接收换能器的机-电等效电路,建立了电驱动信号与声源辐射的声信号以及声信号与被接收换能器转换成的电信号之间的关系,以电驱动信号与声源换能器的电-声冲击响应取代以往声波测井正演研究中所采用的假设声源函数;将声波测井过程类比成一个信号传输系统,建立了声波测井传输网络模型,用信号传输系统的概念和理论分析声波测井过程,为声波测井信号在媒质中的传播速度及其幅度和相位等信息的精确测量奠定了理论基础;根据岩石的"Kaiser"效应现象,开发了岩石声发射地应力测试的数据采集系统,用该系统采集的岩石样品声发射数据可用于地应力预测,为油井的压裂设计提供依据,也为自然地质灾害(如地震)预测提供一种技术手段;提出了用测井数据构造地震子波字典的算法,用以区域的数口石油井的测井数据构造出了该区域的地震子波字典,用该区域的地震勘探数据和该地震子波字典中的字进行匹配追踪,进而反演油藏。
By using the method of acoustic-electric analogue,this paper sets up the equivalent circuits of acoustic transducer, and gives the relationship between the acoustic-signal radiated by the source-transducer and the driving-voltage signal and that between the acoustic-signal and electric-signal converted from the receiver-transducer.This paper employs the convolution of the driving-voltage signal with the electric-acoustic impulse response of the source-transducer to replace some assumed acoustic-source functions adopted in previouly published literature on acoustic logging,such as Tsang wavelet and so on.In this paper the concept and theory of signal transmission is used to analyze the total acousticlogging process,and the acoustic-logging transmission network model is set up.This model sets up the theoretical basis for accurate measurements of propagation speed,phase,amplitude and frequency information of acoustic-logging signal. The development of a new device,Kaiser in-situ stress system is introduced.This device is designed to measure in-situ stresses via detected acoustic emissions caused by the Kaiser effect in rocks.The system provides a technical means for both the economic and efficient evaluation of the three principal stresses in rocks.This is useful to assess the in-situ stress field in oil and gas reservoirs and to predict natural geology hazard.A new algorithm of inversion oil reservoir by using logging data and seismic exploration date is also described.
By using the method of acoustic-electric analogue,this paper sets up the equivalent circuits of acoustic transducer, and gives the relationship between the acoustic-signal radiated by the source-transducer and the driving-voltage signal and that between the acoustic-signal and electric-signal converted from the receiver-transducer.This paper employs the convolution of the driving-voltage signal with the electric-acoustic impulse response of the source-transducer to replace some assumed acoustic-source functions adopted in previouly published literature on acoustic logging,such as Tsang wavelet and so on.In this paper the concept and theory of signal transmission is used to analyze the total acousticlogging process,and the acoustic-logging transmission network model is set up.This model sets up the theoretical basis for accurate measurements of propagation speed,phase,amplitude and frequency information of acoustic-logging signal. The development of a new device,Kaiser in-situ stress system is introduced.This device is designed to measure in-situ stresses via detected acoustic emissions caused by the Kaiser effect in rocks.The system provides a technical means for both the economic and efficient evaluation of the three principal stresses in rocks.This is useful to assess the in-situ stress field in oil and gas reservoirs and to predict natural geology hazard.A new algorithm of inversion oil reservoir by using logging data and seismic exploration date is also described.
引文
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[3]Cheng C H,and Toks? z M N.Elastic wave propagation in a fluidfilled borehole and synthetic acoustic logs[J].Geophysics, 1981,46
[4]L.Fa,J.P.Castagna and J.M.Hovem,Derivation and simulation of source function for acoustic logging[J].Proceedings of IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium,October 17-20,Lake Tahoe,USA,Vol.1
[5]Fa L,Castagna J P,Hovem J M,Dong D Q.An acousticlogging transmission-network model[J].J Acoust Soc Am, 2002,111
[6]Fa L,Castagna J P,Suarez-Rivera R,Sun P.An acousticlogging transmission-network model(continued):Addition and multiplication ALTNs[J].J Acoust Soc Am,2003,113
[7]L.Fa,Z.Zeng and H.Liu,"A new device for measuring in-stu stresses by using acoustic emission in rocks," Proceeding of the 44th U.S.and 5th U.S.-Canada Rock Mechanics Symposium, June27-30,2010,SaltLake,USA,ARMA 10-160 (7 pages).
[8]Fa L,Xie W Y,Tian Y,Zhao M S,Ma L,Dong D Q. Effects of electric-acoustic and acoustic-electric conversions of transducers on acoustic-logging signal[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,doi:10.1007/s 11434-012-5034-1.
[9]Fa,L.Application of phase control array technique to sonic logging[J].Proceedings of The China- Japan Joint Conference on Ultrasonics,April 1-4,1987,Nanjing,China
[10]法林,马鸿飞.一种声波阵列发射探头的设计[J].石油学报,1991,12(3)
[11]E.J.Kaiser.A study of acoustic phenomena in tensile test [M].Doctoral thesis,Technische Hochschule München,1953
[12]R.E.Goodman.Subaudible noise during compression of rocks[J].Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 1963,74(4)
[13]陈勉,金衍,张广清.石油工程岩石力学[M].北京:科学出版社,2008
[14]S.Mallat and Z.Zhang,"Matching pursuit with time-frequency dictionaries," IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 1993,Vol.44(12):3397-3415
[15]G.Davis,S.Mallat and M.Avellaneda.Adaptive greedy approximamations[J].Construction Approximation,1997, 13
[2]Gibson Jr R L,Peng C.Low-and high-frequency radiation from seismic sources in cased boreholes[J].Geophysics,1994, 59
[3]Cheng C H,and Toks? z M N.Elastic wave propagation in a fluidfilled borehole and synthetic acoustic logs[J].Geophysics, 1981,46
[4]L.Fa,J.P.Castagna and J.M.Hovem,Derivation and simulation of source function for acoustic logging[J].Proceedings of IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium,October 17-20,Lake Tahoe,USA,Vol.1
[5]Fa L,Castagna J P,Hovem J M,Dong D Q.An acousticlogging transmission-network model[J].J Acoust Soc Am, 2002,111
[6]Fa L,Castagna J P,Suarez-Rivera R,Sun P.An acousticlogging transmission-network model(continued):Addition and multiplication ALTNs[J].J Acoust Soc Am,2003,113
[7]L.Fa,Z.Zeng and H.Liu,"A new device for measuring in-stu stresses by using acoustic emission in rocks," Proceeding of the 44th U.S.and 5th U.S.-Canada Rock Mechanics Symposium, June27-30,2010,SaltLake,USA,ARMA 10-160 (7 pages).
[8]Fa L,Xie W Y,Tian Y,Zhao M S,Ma L,Dong D Q. Effects of electric-acoustic and acoustic-electric conversions of transducers on acoustic-logging signal[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,doi:10.1007/s 11434-012-5034-1.
[9]Fa,L.Application of phase control array technique to sonic logging[J].Proceedings of The China- Japan Joint Conference on Ultrasonics,April 1-4,1987,Nanjing,China
[10]法林,马鸿飞.一种声波阵列发射探头的设计[J].石油学报,1991,12(3)
[11]E.J.Kaiser.A study of acoustic phenomena in tensile test [M].Doctoral thesis,Technische Hochschule München,1953
[12]R.E.Goodman.Subaudible noise during compression of rocks[J].Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 1963,74(4)
[13]陈勉,金衍,张广清.石油工程岩石力学[M].北京:科学出版社,2008
[14]S.Mallat and Z.Zhang,"Matching pursuit with time-frequency dictionaries," IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 1993,Vol.44(12):3397-3415
[15]G.Davis,S.Mallat and M.Avellaneda.Adaptive greedy approximamations[J].Construction Approximation,1997, 13
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