日本9级大震前我国钻孔应变网测到两起地块强烈受压事件
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摘要
为了解地震孕育过程中地层应变的变化,我国建设了分量钻孔应变观测网.钻孔应变观测既可以观测到日月引潮力引起微弱的应变固体潮汐变化,也能记录应变突变事件.该钻孔应变台网最临近日本东海大地震的东北地区的两个位于大断裂旁的观测点,在9级地震发生前两年半和半年时,先后记录到地块岩石地层强烈受压事件,受压幅度达到10~(-4)应变量级.本文报告的这两次地层强烈受压事件,是首次观测到的地块边界地层应力剧增事件.日本东海大地震后GPS观测到我国东北地区发生向东数十毫米位移,表明9级地震与我国东北地区地块活动间存在联系.这两次强烈受压事件与中国大陆地块间相互作用和日本东海9级地震之间的关系成为值得探索的科学问题.
To explore strain changes in earthquake preparation,China has built the network of component borehole strainmeters.Borehole strainmeters can observe solid tidal strain caused by tidal force of the Sun and the Moon,and also to observe other strain changes.In Northeast China,two borehole strain stations locating at borders of two big faults,which are closest to the epicenter of Tokai Mega-quake,respectively,in two and a half and half a year before the M9 earthquake,has recorded strong pressure on the rock formation at the border of land block,the pressure reached 10~(-4) strain magnitude.Such huge strain accumulation was never observed before.After Tokai Mega-quake, GPS observed dozens of millimeters topography eastward displacement in Northeast China,that means the land block in Northeast China Does have a close relation with the M9 Tokai Mega-quake.The interaction between these two events of strong compression and Tokai M9 carthquake is a scientific issue worth further exploring.
To explore strain changes in earthquake preparation,China has built the network of component borehole strainmeters.Borehole strainmeters can observe solid tidal strain caused by tidal force of the Sun and the Moon,and also to observe other strain changes.In Northeast China,two borehole strain stations locating at borders of two big faults,which are closest to the epicenter of Tokai Mega-quake,respectively,in two and a half and half a year before the M9 earthquake,has recorded strong pressure on the rock formation at the border of land block,the pressure reached 10~(-4) strain magnitude.Such huge strain accumulation was never observed before.After Tokai Mega-quake, GPS observed dozens of millimeters topography eastward displacement in Northeast China,that means the land block in Northeast China Does have a close relation with the M9 Tokai Mega-quake.The interaction between these two events of strong compression and Tokai M9 carthquake is a scientific issue worth further exploring.
引文
[1]Chi S L.China's Component Borehole Strainmeter Network Monitoring Earth Strain[J].Earthquake Science.2009,22(6): 579-587.
[2]池顺良.深井宽频钻孔应变地震仪与高频地震学地震预测观测技术的发展方向,实现地震预报的希望[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(4):11 64-1170. Chi S L.Deep-hole broad-band strain-seismograph and highfrequency seimology—the hope to successful earthquake prediction[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,22 (4):1164-1170.
[3]邱泽华,马瑾,池顺良,刘厚明.钻孔差应变仪观测的苏门答腊大地震激发的地球环型自由振荡.地球物理学报,2007,50(3): 797-805. Qiu Z H.Ma J.Chi S L.Liu H M.Earth' s free torsional oscillations of the great Sumatra earthquake observed with borehole shear strainmeter[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(3):797-805.
[4]邱泽华,周龙寿.用超限率分析法研究汶川地震的前兆应变变化[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2009,29(4):1-9. Qiu Z H,Zhou L S.Study on precursory strain changes of Wenchuan earthquake with ORA method[J].Journal of geodesy and geodynamics(in Chinese).2009.29(4):1- 9.
[5]邱泽华,张宝红,池顺良,等.汶川地震前姑咱台观测的异常应变变化[J].中国科学:地球科学,2010,40(8):1031-1039. Qiu Z H,Zhang B H,Chi S L,et al.Abnormal strain changes observed at Guza before the Wenchuan earthquake[J]. SciChina Earth Sei(in Chinese).2010.doi:10.1007/sll430- 010-4057-1
[6]邱泽华,石耀霖,欧阳祖熙.四分量钻孔应变观测的实地相对标定[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2005,25(1):118-122. Qiu Z H,Shi Y L,Ouyang Z X.Relative in-situ calibration of 4- component borehole strain observation[J].Journal of geodesy and geodynamics(in Chinese),2005.25(1):118-122.
[7]张宝红.美国板块边界观测(PBO)中的钻孔应变观测设备[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2010,30(增2):40-44. Zhang B H.Technical equipment for borehole strainobservation of PBO of USA[J].Journal of geodesy and geodynamicsGn Chinese),2010,30(supp.2):40-44.
[8]张宝红.美国的板块边界观测(PBO)计划[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2004(3):105-108. Zhang B H.Plate boundary observation(PBO) project of USA [J].Journal of geodesy and geodynamicsGn Chinese),2004,24 (3):105-108.
[9]马宏生,张国民,刘杰,等.中国大陆及其临区强震活动与活动地块关系研究[J].地学前缘,2003,10(特刊):74-80. Ma H S,Zhang G M,Liu J,et al.Correlation between strong earthquake and active crustal-block in China mainland and its adjacent regions[J].Earth Science Frontiers(in Chinese), 2003,10(suppl):74-80.
[10]张国民,马宏生,王辉,王新岭.中国大陆活动地块边界带与强震活动.地球物理学报,2005,48(3):602-610. Zhang G M,Ma H S,Wang H,Wang X L.Boundaries between active-tectonic blocks and strong earthquakes in the China mainland[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005, 48(3):602-610.
[11]朱志澄.逆冲推覆构造[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社, 1991,63-64. Zhu Z C.Thrust-Nappe Tectonics[M].Wuhan:China university of geosciences press(in Chinese),1991,63-64.
[12]周玖.我国西南地壳物质流区应力积累机制与强震周期性现象[J].地震研究,1989,12(1):23-28. Zhou J.Accumulative mechanism of compressive stress of crustal matter flow in southwest China and periodic phenomenon of strong earthquakes[J].Journal of Seismological Research(in Chinese),1989,12(1):23-28.
[13]马杏垣主编,重力作用与构造运动[M].北京:地震出版社, 1989.123-136. Ma X Y.Gravity and Tectonics[M].Beijing:Seimological Press(in Chinese),1989.123-136.
[2]池顺良.深井宽频钻孔应变地震仪与高频地震学地震预测观测技术的发展方向,实现地震预报的希望[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(4):11 64-1170. Chi S L.Deep-hole broad-band strain-seismograph and highfrequency seimology—the hope to successful earthquake prediction[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,22 (4):1164-1170.
[3]邱泽华,马瑾,池顺良,刘厚明.钻孔差应变仪观测的苏门答腊大地震激发的地球环型自由振荡.地球物理学报,2007,50(3): 797-805. Qiu Z H.Ma J.Chi S L.Liu H M.Earth' s free torsional oscillations of the great Sumatra earthquake observed with borehole shear strainmeter[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(3):797-805.
[4]邱泽华,周龙寿.用超限率分析法研究汶川地震的前兆应变变化[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2009,29(4):1-9. Qiu Z H,Zhou L S.Study on precursory strain changes of Wenchuan earthquake with ORA method[J].Journal of geodesy and geodynamics(in Chinese).2009.29(4):1- 9.
[5]邱泽华,张宝红,池顺良,等.汶川地震前姑咱台观测的异常应变变化[J].中国科学:地球科学,2010,40(8):1031-1039. Qiu Z H,Zhang B H,Chi S L,et al.Abnormal strain changes observed at Guza before the Wenchuan earthquake[J]. SciChina Earth Sei(in Chinese).2010.doi:10.1007/sll430- 010-4057-1
[6]邱泽华,石耀霖,欧阳祖熙.四分量钻孔应变观测的实地相对标定[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2005,25(1):118-122. Qiu Z H,Shi Y L,Ouyang Z X.Relative in-situ calibration of 4- component borehole strain observation[J].Journal of geodesy and geodynamics(in Chinese),2005.25(1):118-122.
[7]张宝红.美国板块边界观测(PBO)中的钻孔应变观测设备[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2010,30(增2):40-44. Zhang B H.Technical equipment for borehole strainobservation of PBO of USA[J].Journal of geodesy and geodynamicsGn Chinese),2010,30(supp.2):40-44.
[8]张宝红.美国的板块边界观测(PBO)计划[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2004(3):105-108. Zhang B H.Plate boundary observation(PBO) project of USA [J].Journal of geodesy and geodynamicsGn Chinese),2004,24 (3):105-108.
[9]马宏生,张国民,刘杰,等.中国大陆及其临区强震活动与活动地块关系研究[J].地学前缘,2003,10(特刊):74-80. Ma H S,Zhang G M,Liu J,et al.Correlation between strong earthquake and active crustal-block in China mainland and its adjacent regions[J].Earth Science Frontiers(in Chinese), 2003,10(suppl):74-80.
[10]张国民,马宏生,王辉,王新岭.中国大陆活动地块边界带与强震活动.地球物理学报,2005,48(3):602-610. Zhang G M,Ma H S,Wang H,Wang X L.Boundaries between active-tectonic blocks and strong earthquakes in the China mainland[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005, 48(3):602-610.
[11]朱志澄.逆冲推覆构造[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社, 1991,63-64. Zhu Z C.Thrust-Nappe Tectonics[M].Wuhan:China university of geosciences press(in Chinese),1991,63-64.
[12]周玖.我国西南地壳物质流区应力积累机制与强震周期性现象[J].地震研究,1989,12(1):23-28. Zhou J.Accumulative mechanism of compressive stress of crustal matter flow in southwest China and periodic phenomenon of strong earthquakes[J].Journal of Seismological Research(in Chinese),1989,12(1):23-28.
[13]马杏垣主编,重力作用与构造运动[M].北京:地震出版社, 1989.123-136. Ma X Y.Gravity and Tectonics[M].Beijing:Seimological Press(in Chinese),1989.123-136.
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